A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer

British Journal of Dermatology

Volumn 166, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 1069-1080

  Lomas, A ^a   Leonardi Bee, J ^a   Bath Hextall, F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; AUSTRALIA; BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME; CANCER REGISTRY; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; DATA ANALYSIS; DATA EXTRACTION; EMBASE; EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION (SPECIES); HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MEDLINE; NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; SKIN CANCER; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES;

CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; REGISTRIES; SKIN NEOPLASMS; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 84860322847     PISSN: 00070963     EISSN: 13652133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10830.x     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Lucas R, McMichael T, Smith W, Armstrong B,. Solar Ultraviolet Radiation: Global Burden of Disease from Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. Environmental Burden of Disease Series, No. 13. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.
2. Lewis KG, Weinstock MA,. Nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality (1988-2000): the Rhode Island follow-back study. Arch Dermatol 2004; 140: 837-42. (Pubitemid 38917852)
3. Battistini E, Battistini S, Barachini P,. Epidemiology of melanoma and non melanoma skin cancer in the provinces of Pisa and Massa-Carrara from 1997 to 2002. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2005; 140: 33-44. (Pubitemid 43942814)
4. Demers AA, Nugent Z, Mihalcioiu C, et al. Trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer from 1960 through 2000 in a Canadian population. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53: 320-8. (Pubitemid 40979591)
5. Holme SA, Malinovszky K, Roberts DL,. Changing trends in non-melanoma skin cancer in South Wales, 1988-98. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143: 1224-9. (Pubitemid 32052759)
6. Staples MP, Elwood M, Burton RC, et al. Non-melanoma skin cancer in Australia: the 2002 national survey and trends since 1985. Med J Aust 2006; 184: 6-10. (Pubitemid 43149790)
7. Staples M, Marks R, Giles G,. Trends in the incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer (NMSC) treated in Australia 1985-1995: are primary prevention programs starting to have an effect? Int J Cancer 1998; 78: 144-8. (Pubitemid 28443167)
8. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Improving Outcomes for People with Skin Tumours including Melanoma (update): the Management of Low-risk Basal Cell Carcinomas in the Community. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2010.
9. Google. Google Earth. 2010. Available at: (last accessed 7 February 2012).
10. Prins J, Blanker MH, Bohnen AM, et al. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction: a systematic review of population-based studies. Int J Impot Res 2002; 14: 422-32. (Pubitemid 36068416)
11. Shamliyan T,. Criteria to Assess Quality of Observational Studies Evaluating the Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases. Presented at AHRQ Annual Conference, September 13-16, 2009, Bethesda, MD.
12. Abarca JFC, Claudio C,. Skin cancer and ultraviolet-B radiation under the Antarctic ozone hole: Southern Chile, 1987-2000. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2002; 18: 294-302.
13. Athas WF, Hunt WC, Key CR,. Changes in nonmelanoma skin cancer incidence between 1977-1978 and 1998-1999 in Northcentral New Mexico. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003; 12: 1105-8. (Pubitemid 37310271)
14. Bariani RL, Nahas FX, Jardini Barbosa MV, et al. Basal cell carcinoma: an updated epidemiological and therapeutic profile of an urban population. Acta Cir Bras 2006; 21: 66-73.
15. Bath-Hextall F, Leonardi-Bee J, Smith C, et al. Trends in incidence of skin basal cell carcinoma. Additional evidence from a UK primary care database study. Int J Cancer 2007; 121: 2105-8. (Pubitemid 47463176)
16. Bernard P, Dupuy A, Sasco A, et al. Basal cell carcinomas and actinic keratoses seen in dermatological practice in France: a cross-sectional survey. Dermatology 2008; 216: 194-9. (Pubitemid 351416717)
17. Boi S, Cristofolini M, Micciolo R, et al. Epidemiology of skin tumors: data from the cutaneous cancer registry in Trentino, Italy. J Cutan Med Surg 2003; 7: 300-5. (Pubitemid 37410450)
18. Brewster DH, Bhatti LA, Inglis JHC, et al. Recent trends in incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers in the East of Scotland, 1992-2003. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156: 1295-300. (Pubitemid 47029828)
19. Buettner PG, Raasch BA,. Incidence rates of skin cancer in Townsville, Australia [erratum appears in Int J Cancer 2001; 93: 302-3]. Int J Cancer 1998; 78: 587-93. (Pubitemid 28507182)
20. Cheng SY, Luk NM, Chong LY,. Special features of non-melanoma skin cancer in Hong Kong Chinese patients: 10-year retrospective study. Hong Kong Med J 2001; 7: 22-8.
21. Chuang TY, Popescu A, Su WPD, et al. Basal cell carcinoma. A population-based incidence study in Rochester, Minnesota. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 22: 413-17. (Pubitemid 20212392)
22. Chuang TY, Popescu NA, Su WPD, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based incidence study in Rochester, Minn. Arch Dermatol 1990; 126: 185-8. (Pubitemid 20055687)
23. Chuang TY, Reizner GT, Elpern DJ, et al. Non-melanoma skin cancer and keratoacanthoma in Filipinos: an incidence report from Kauai, Hawaii. Int J Dermatol 1993; 32: 717-18. (Pubitemid 23326981)
24. Chuang TY, Reizner GT, Elpern DJ, et al. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in Japanese ethnic Hawaiians in Kauai, Hawaii: an incidence report. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 33: 422-6.
25. Coebergh JWW, Neumann HAM, Vrints LW, et al. Trends in the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in the SE Netherlands 1975-1988: a registry-based study. Br J Dermatol 1991; 125: 353-9.
26. Dahl E, Aberg M, Rausing A, et al. Basal cell carcinoma An epidemiologic study in a defined population. Cancer 1992; 70: 104-8.
27. Dal H, Boldemann C, Lindelof B,. Trends during a half century in relative squamous cell carcinoma distribution by body site in the Swedish population: support for accumulated sun exposure as the main risk factor. J Dermatol 2008; 35: 55-62. (Pubitemid 351229594)
28. De Vries E, Louwman M, Bastiaens M, et al. Rapid and continuous increases in incidence rates of basal cell carcinoma in the Southeast Netherlands since 1973. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 123: 634-8. (Pubitemid 39281602)
29. De Vries E, Van de Poll-Franse LV, Louwman WJ, et al. Predictions of skin cancer incidence in the Netherlands up to 2015. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152: 481-8. (Pubitemid 40547122)
30. Foster HM, Webb SJ,. Skin cancer in the North Solomons. Aust N Z J Surg 1988; 58: 397-401.
31. Freeman NR, Fairbrother GF, Rose RJ,. Survey of skin cancer incidence in the Hamilton area. N Z Med J 1982; 95: 529-33. (Pubitemid 12000140)
32. Giles GG, Marks R, Foley P,. Incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer treated in Australia. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988; 296: 13-17. (Pubitemid 18025276)
33. Green A, Battistutta D, Hart V, et al. Skin cancer in a subtropical Australian population: incidence and lack of association with occupation. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 144: 1034-40. (Pubitemid 26404809)
34. Hannuksela-Svahn A, Pukkala E, Karvonen J,. Basal cell skin carcinoma and other nonmelanoma skin cancers in Finland from 1956 through 1995. Arch Dermatol 1999; 135: 781-6. (Pubitemid 29330800)
35. Harris RB, Griffith K, Moon TE,. Trends in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers in southeastern Arizona, 1985-1996. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 45: 528-36. (Pubitemid 32917246)
36. Hayes RC, Leonfellner S, Pilgrim W, et al. Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in New Brunswick, Canada, 1992 to 2001. J Cutan Med Surg 2007; 11: 45-52.
37. Hoey SEH, Devereux CEJ, Murray L, et al. Skin cancer trends in Northern Ireland and consequences for provision of dermatology services. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156: 1301-7. (Pubitemid 47029856)
38. Ichihashi M, Naruse K, Harada S, et al. Trends in nonmelanoma skin cancer in Japan. Recent Results Cancer Res 1995; 139: 263-73.
39. Kaldor J, Shugg D, Young B, et al. Non-melanoma skin cancer: ten years of cancer-registry-based surveillance. Int J Cancer 1993; 53: 886-91. (Pubitemid 23119530)
40. Karagas MR, Greenberg ER, Spencer SK, et al. Increase in incidence rates of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancer in New Hampshire, USA. Int J Cancer 1999; 81: 555-9. (Pubitemid 29203052)
41. Katalinic A, Kunze U, Schäfer T,. Epidemiology of cutaneous melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany: incidence, clinical subtypes, tumour stages and localization (epidemiology of skin cancer). Br J Dermatol 2003; 149: 1200-6. (Pubitemid 38058096)
42. Ko CB, Walton S, Keczkes K, et al. The emerging epidemic of skin cancer. Br J Dermatol 1994; 130: 269-72. (Pubitemid 24204633)
43. Koh D, Wang H, Lee J, et al. Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma of the skin: analysis of the Singapore Cancer Registry data 1968-97. Br J Dermatol 2003; 148: 1161-6. (Pubitemid 36819215)
44. Kricker A, English DR, Randell PL, et al. Skin cancer in Geraldton, Western Australia: a survey of incidence and prevalence. Med J Aust 1990; 152: 399-407. (Pubitemid 20127575)
45. Kromann NP, Nielsen NH, Hansen JPH,. Skin cancer in Greenland 1955-1974. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1983; 105: 76-8. (Pubitemid 13194372)
46. Kubeyinje EP, Belagavi CS, Eassa FA,. The pattern of skin cancers at a referral hospital in Northern Saudi Arabia. Med Sci Res 1996; 24: 757-8. (Pubitemid 27029110)
47. Leong GKP, Stone JL, Farmer ER,. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in Japanese residents of Kauai, Hawaii. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 17: 233-8. (Pubitemid 17121044)
48. Levi F, Franceschi S, Te VC, et al. Trends of skin cancer in the Canton of Vaud, 1976-92. Br J Cancer 1995; 72: 1047-53.
49. Levi F, Erler G, Te VC, et al. Trends in skin cancer incidence in Neuchatel, 1976-98. Tumori 2001; 87: 288-9. (Pubitemid 33116906)
50. Levi F, Te VC, Randimbison L, et al. Trends in skin cancer incidence in Vaud: an update, 1976-1998. Eur J Cancer Prev 2001; 10: 371-3. (Pubitemid 32735354)
51. Marks R, Jolley D, Dorevitch AP, et al. The incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancers in an Australian population: results of a five-year prospective study. Med J Aust 1989; 150: 475-8. (Pubitemid 19175341)
52. Marks R, Staples M, Giles GG,. Trends in non-melanocytic skin cancer treated in Australia: the second national survey. Int J Cancer 1993; 53: 585-90. (Pubitemid 23069268)
53. Munyao TM, Othieno-Abinya NA,. Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma in Kenya. East Afr Med J 1999; 76: 97-100.
54. Nunes DH, Back L, Silva RVE, et al. Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in the city of Tubarao (SC)-Brazil in the years 2000, 2003 and 2006. An Bras Dermatol 2009; 84: 482-8.
55. Omari AK, Khammash MR, Matalka I,. Skin cancer trends in northern Jordan. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45: 384-8.
56. Osterlind A, Hou-Jensen K, Jensen OM,. Incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Denmark 1978-1982. Anatomic site distribution, histologic types, and comparison with non-melanoma skin cancer. Br J Cancer 1988; 58: 385-91.
57. Plesko I, Severi G, Obsitnikova A, et al. Trends in the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in Slovakia, 1978-1995. Neoplasma 2000; 47: 137-42. (Pubitemid 30643243)
58. Raasch BA, Buettner PG,. Multiple nonmelanoma skin cancer in an exposed Australian population. Int J Dermatol 2002; 41: 652-8. (Pubitemid 35252040)
59. Radespiel-Tröger M, Meyer M, Pfahlberg A, et al. Outdoor work and skin cancer incidence: a registry-based study in Bavaria. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2009; 82: 357-63.
60. Rawashdeh MA, Matalka I,. Basal cell carcinoma of the maxillofacial region: site distribution and incidence rates in Arab/Jordanians, 1991 to 2000. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 62: 145-9. (Pubitemid 38140673)
61. Reizner GT, Chuang TY, Elpern DJ, et al. Basal cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma in Hawaiians: an incidence report. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 29: 780-2. (Pubitemid 23327980)
62. Revenga Arranz F, Paricio Rubio JF, Vazquez Salvado MM, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in Soria (North-Eastern Spain) 1998-2000: a hospital-based survey. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18: 137-41. (Pubitemid 38379887)
63. Richmond-Sinclair NM, Pandeya N, Ware RS, et al. Incidence of basal cell carcinoma multiplicity and detailed anatomic distribution: longitudinal study of an Australian population. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129: 323-8.
64. Roberts DL,. Incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in West Glamorgan, South Wales. Br J Dermatol 1990; 122: 399-403.
65. Serrano H, Scotto J, Shornick G, et al. Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in New Hampshire and Vermont. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 24: 574-9.
66. Sng J, Koh D, Siong WC, et al. Skin cancer trends among Asians living in Singapore from 1968 to 2006. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61: 426-32.
67. Stang A, Stegmaier C, Jockel K-H,. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in the Federal State of Saarland, Germany, 1995-1999. Br J Cancer 2003; 89: 1205-8. (Pubitemid 37363404)
68. Stang A, Ziegler S, Buchner U, et al. Malignant melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers in Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany: a patient- vs. diagnosis-based incidence approach. Int J Dermatol 2007; 46: 564-70. (Pubitemid 46909395)
69. Stenbeck KD, Balanda KP, Williams MJ, et al. Patterns of treated non-melanoma skin cancer in Queensland-the region with the highest incidence rates in the world. Med J Aust 1990; 153: 511-15. (Pubitemid 20387411)
70. Stratigos JD, Katsambas A, Christofidou E, et al. Non-melanoma skin cancer in Greece-a clinico-epidemiological profile. Skin Cancer 1996; 11: 9-17. (Pubitemid 26231617)
71. Valery PC, Neale R, Williams G, et al. The effect of skin examination surveys on the incidence of basal cell carcinoma in a Queensland community sample: a 10-year longitudinal study. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2004; 9: 148-51. (Pubitemid 38457273)
72. Van Hattem S, Aarts MJ, Louwman WJ, et al. Increase in basal cell carcinoma incidence steepest in individuals with high socioeconomic status: results of a cancer registry study in the Netherlands. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161: 840-5.
73. Wallberg P, Skog E,. The incidence of basal cell carcinoma in an area of Stockholm county during the period 1971-1980. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1991; 71: 134-7.
74. Wassberg C, Thorn M, Johansson A-M, et al. Increasing incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in Sweden. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 2001; 81: 268-72. (Pubitemid 32977106)
75. Iversen T, Tretli S,. Trends for invasive squamous cell neoplasia of the skin in Norway. Br J Cancer 1999; 81: 528-31. (Pubitemid 29458809)
76. Hussain SK, Sundquist J, Hemminki K,. Incidence trends of squamous cell and rare skin cancers in the Swedish national cancer registry point to calendar year and age-dependent increases. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130: 1323-8.
77. Holterhues C, De Vries E, Louwman MW, et al. Incidence and trends of cutaneous malignancies in the Netherlands, 1989-2005. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130: 1807-12.
78. Jung GW, Metelitsa AI, Dover DC, Salopek TG,. Trends in incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers in Alberta, Canada, 1988-2007. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163: 146-54.
79. Birch-Johansen F, Jensen A, Mortensen L, et al. Trends in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Denmark 1978-2007: rapid incidence increase among young Danish women. Int J Cancer 2010; 127: 2190-8.
80. Lipozencic J, Celic D, Strnad M, et al. Skin cancers in Croatia, 2003-2005: epidemiological study. Coll Antropol 2010; 34: 865-9.
81. Doherty VR, Brewster DH, Jensen S, et al. Trends in skin cancer incidence by socioeconomic position in Scotland, 1978-2004. Br J Cancer 2010; 102: 1661-4.
82. Office for National Statistics. Ethnicity and Identity-Geographic Distribution. Newport: Office for National Statistics, 2004.
83. Armstrong BK, Kricker A,. The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer. J Photochem Photobiol B 2001; 63: 8-18. (Pubitemid 33040718)