The Stigma of Being a Long-Term Foster Carer

Journal of Family Nursing

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 234-260

  Blythe, Stacy L ^a   Jackson, Debra ^b   Halcomb, Elizabeth J ^a   Wilkes, Lesley ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

family nursing; foster care; foster carer; nursing; stigma

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BEHAVIOR; COMPUTER PROGRAM; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; FOSTER CARE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; LITERATURE; MARRIAGE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL STIGMA; STANDARD; STATISTICS; STEREOTYPY;

ADULT; AGED; ANECDOTES AS TOPIC; AUSTRALIA; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; FOSTER HOME CARE; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; MARITAL STATUS; MIDDLE AGED; POWER (PSYCHOLOGY); PREJUDICE; SOCIAL STIGMA; SOFTWARE; STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR;

EID: 84860258375     PISSN: 10748407     EISSN: 1552549X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1074840711423913     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Ahrens C.E.Being silenced: The impact of negative social reactions on the disclosure of pape.American Journal of Community Psychology. 2006;38:263-274.
2. Anderson K.,Jack D.C.Women's words: The feminist practice of oral history. Gluck S.B.Patai D., ed. London: Routledge; 1991:.
3. Atkinson R.The life story interview. London, UK: SAGE; 1998:.
4. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2011). Child Protection Australia 2009-10 (Child Welfare Series No. 51 Cat. No. CWS 39). Canberra: Author. Retrieved from http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/cws/cpa07-08/cpa07-08.pdf.
5. Baiocco R.,D'Alessio M.,Laghi F.Binge drinking among gay, and lesbian youths: The role of internalized sexual stigma, self-disclosure, and individuals' sense of connectedness to the gay community.Addictive Behaviors. 2010;35:896-899.
6. Barg C.J.,Armstrong B.D.,Hetz S.P.,Latimer A.E.Physical disability, stigma, and physical activity in children.International Journal of Disability, Development and Education. 2010;57:371-382.
7. Barreto M.,Ellemers N.Current issues in the study of social stigma: Some controversies and unresolved issues.Journal of Social Issues. 2010;66:431-445.
8. Barreto M.,Ellemers N.,Fiske S.T."What did you say, and who do you think you are?" How power differences affect emotional reactions to prejudice.Journal of Social Issues. 2010;66:477-492.
9. Bernier R.,Mao A.,Yen J.Psychopathology, families, and culture: Autism.Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2010;19:855-867.
10. Blascovich J.,Spencer S.J.,Quinn D.,Steele C.African Americans and high blood pressure: The role of stereotype threat.Psychological Science. 2001;12:225-229.
11. Briggs F.,Broadhurst D.The abuse of foster carers in Australia.Journal of the Home Economics Institute of Australia. 2005;12 (1): 25-35.
12. BromfieldL.HigginsD. (2005, Autumn). National comprison of child protection systems. Child Abuse Prevention Issues, 22, 1-32. Retrieved from http://www.aifs.gov.au/nch/pubs/issues/issues22/issues22.pdf.
13. Butt G.Stigma in the context of hepatitis C: Concept analysis.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2008;62:712-724.
14. Carter B."Good" and "bad" stories: Decisive moments, "shock and awe" and being moral.Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2008;17:1063-1070.
15. Chaudoir S.R.,Quinn D.M.Revealing concealable stigmatized identities: The impact of disclosure motivations and positive first-disclosure experiences on fear of disclosure and well-being.Journal of Social Issues. 2010;66:570-584.
16. Colton M.,Roberts S.,Williams M.The recruitment and retention of family foster-carers: An international and cross-cultural analysis.British Journal of Social Work. 2008;38:865-884.
17. Corrigan P.W.,Matthews A.K.Stigma and disclosure: Implications for coming out of the closet.Journal of Mental Health. 2003;12:235-248.
18. Corrigan P.W.,Watson A.C.How children stigmatize people with mental illness.International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2007;53:526-546.
19. Cox M.E.,Buehler C.,Orme J.G.Recruitment and foster family service.Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare. 2002;29 (3): 151-177.
20. Crocker J.,Garcia J.A.Stigma and group inequality: Social psychological perspectives. Levin S.van Laar C., ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2006:287-308.
21. Crocker J.,Lawrence J.S.Cultural divides: Understanding and overcoming group conflict. Prentice D.A.Miller D.T., ed. New York, NY: Russell Sage; 1999:364-392.
22. Crocker J.,Major B.Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma.Psychological Review. 1989;96:608-630.
23. Crocker J.,Major B.,Steele C.The handbook of social psychology. 1998). Social stigma. In GilbertD. T.FiskeS. T.LindzeyG. (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vols. 1 & 2, 4th ed., pp. 504-553). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Gilbert D.T.Fiske S.T.Lindzey G., ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1998:504-553.
24. East L.,Jackson D.,Peters K.,O'Brien L.Disrupted sense of self: Young women and sexually transmitted infections.Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2009;19:1995-2003.
25. Ellice D.Gentle iron will: Foster parents' perspectives.Children and Youth Services Review. 2011;33 (6): 910-917.
26. Esmail S.,Darry K.,Walter A.,Knupp H.Attitudes and perceptions towards disability and sexuality.Disability and Rehabilitation. 2010;32:1148-1155.
27. Farmer E.,Lipscombe J.,Moyers S.Foster carer strain and its impact on parenting and placement outcomes for adolescents.British Journal of Social Work. 2005;35:237-253.
28. Finch B.K.,Kolody B.,Vega W.A.Perceived discrimination and depression among Mexican-origin adults in California.Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 2000;41:295-313.
29. Gilbertson R.,Barber J.G.Breakdown of foster care placement: Carer perspectives and system factors.Australian Social Work. 2003;56:329-340.
30. Goffman E.Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York, NY: Prentice-Hall; 1963:.
31. Goldstein S.B.,Davis D.S.Heterosexual allies: A descriptive profile.Equity and Excellence in Education. 2010;43:478-494.
32. Gouthro T.J.Recognizing and addressing the stigma associated with mental health nursing: A critical perspective.Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2009;30:669-676.
33. Green S.E."What do you mean 'what's wrong with her?'": Stigma and the lives of families of children with disabilities.Social Science & Medicine. 2003;57:1361-1374.
34. Grimm D.,Darwall J.Foster parents: Who are they?.Youth Law News. 2005;XXVI (3): 1-8.
35. Hasson-Ohayon I.,Levy I.,Kravetz S.,Vollanski-Narkis A.,Roe D.Insight into mental illness, self-stigma, and the family burden of parents of persons with a severe mental illness.Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2011;52 (1): 75-80.
36. Hays S.The cultural contradications of motherhood. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 1996:.
37. Ingram D.,Hutchinson S.A.HIV-positive mothers and stigma.Health Care for Women International. 1999;20 (1): 93-103.
38. Jackson D.,Daly J.,Chang E.Nursing research: Methods, critical appraisal and utilisation. Schneider D.Elliot C.Beanland G.LoBionda-Wood G.Haber J., ed. Sydney, Australia: Mosby; 2005:.
39. Jahoda A.,Wilson A.,Stalker K.,Cairney A.Living with stigma and the self-perceptions of people with mild intellectual disabilities.Journal of Social Issues. 2010;66:521-534.
40. Kauffman J.M.,Mock D.R.,Simpson R.L.Problems related to underservice of students with emotional or behavioral disorders.Behavioral Disorders. 2007;33 (1): 43-57.
41. Kelley S.J.Caregiver stress in grandparents raising grandchildren.Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 1993;25:331-337.
42. Lawrence S.A.The impact of stigma on the child with obesity: Implications for social work practice and research.Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. 2010;27:309-321.
43. Link B.G.,Phelan J.C.Conceptualizing stigma.Annual Review of Sociology. 2001;27:363-385.
44. LinkB. G.PhelanJ. C. (2006). Stigma and it's public health implications. Lancet, 367, 528-529. http://www.ahrn.net/Lancet-Stigma_and_its_public_health_implications.pdf .
45. Maclay F.,Bunce M.,Purves D.G.Surviving the system as a foster carer.Adoption & Fostering. 2006;30 (1): 29-38.
46. Major B.,O'Brien L.T.The social psychology of stigma.Annual Review of Psychology. 2005;56:393-421.
47. Mann C.,Stewart F.Internet communication and qualitative research: A handbook for researching online. London, UK: SAGE; 2000:.
48. Marcellus L.Qualitative Health Research. (Ad)ministering love: Providing family foster care to infants with prenatal substance exposure; 2008:1220-1230.
49. McHugh M.Current and future availability of foster carers.Developing Practice. 2005;12:14-19.
50. Merin A.,Pachankis J.E.The psychological impact of genital herpes stigma.Journal of Health Psychology. 2011;16 (1): 80-90.
51. Peters K.,Jackson D.Mothers' experiences of parenting a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2009;65 (1): 62-71.
52. Pinto-Foltz M.D.,Logsdon M.C.Stigma towards mental illness: A concept analysis using postpartum depression as an exemplar.Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2008;29 (1): 21-36.
53. Polit D.F.,Beck C. 2008). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:.
54. Ragins B.R.,Singh R.,Cornwell J.M.Making the invisible visible: Fear and disclosure of sexual orientation at work.Journal of Applied Psychology. 2007;92:1103-1118.
55. Reddy S.,Fleming M.T.,Howells N.L.,Rabenhorst M.M.,Casselman R.,Rosenbaum S.Effects of method on participants and disclosure rates in research on sensitive topics.Violence and Victims. 2006;21:499-506.
56. Riggs D.W.,Augoustinos M.,Delfabbro P."Basically it's a recognition issue": Validating foster parent identities.Family Matters. 2007;76:64-74.
57. Riggs D.W.,Augoustinos M.,Delfabbro P.H.Role of foster family belonging in recovery from child maltreatment.Australian Psychologist. 2009;44:166-173.
58. Riggs D.W.,Delfabbro P.H.,Augoustinos M.Negotiating foster-families: Identification and desire.British Journal of Social Work. 2009;39:789-806.
59. Rodger S.,Cummings A.,Leschied A.W.Who is caring for our most vulnerable children? The motivation to foster in child welfare.Child Abuse and Neglect. 2006;30:1129-1142.
60. Rosenwald M.,Bronstein L.Foster parents speak: Preferred characteristics of foster children and experiences in the role of foster parent.Journal of Family Social Work. 2008;11:287-302.
61. Ross C.A.,Goldner E.M.Stigma, negative attitudes and discrimination towards mental illness within the nursing profession: A review of the literature.Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing. 2009;16:558-567.
62. Sheldon J."A word in your ear": A study of foster carers' attitudes to recommending fostering to others.Child Care in Practice. 2002;8:19-34.
63. Shelton J.N.,Alegre J.M.,Son D.Social stigma and disadvantage: Current themes and future prospects.Journal of Social Issues. 2010;66:618-633.
64. Siminski P.,Chalmers J.,McHugh M.Foster carers in New South Wales: Profile and projections based on ABS census data. Sydney, Australia: The Social Policy Research Centre; 2005:.
65. Smart L.,Wegner D.M.Covering up what can't be seen: Concealable stigma and mental control.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1999;77:474-486.
66. Taylor A.,Swann R.,Warren F.Foster carers' beliefs regarding the causes of foster children's emotional and behavioral difficulties.Adoption & Fostering. 2008;32 (1): 6-18.
67. Taylor C.,Broadhurst K.Review of understanding looked after children: An introduction to psychology for foster care.Child & Family Social Work. 2008;13:357-358.
68. Teicher M.H.,Andersen S.L.,Polcari A.,Anderson C.M.,Navalta C.P.,Kim D.M.The neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment.Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2003;27 (1-2): 33-44.
69. Teixeira M.E.,Budd G.M.Obesity stigma: A newly recognized barrier to comprehensive and effective type 2 diabetes management.Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2010;22:527-533.
70. Thomson J.Child protection workers' perceptions of foster carers and the foster care system: A study in Queensland.Australian Social Work. 2007;60:336-346.
71. Triseliotis J.Long-term foster care or adoption? The evidence examined.Child & Family Social Work. 2002;7 (1): 23-33.
72. Uys L.R.,Holzemer W.L.,Chirwa M.L.,Dlamini P.S.,Greeff M.,Kohi T.W.,... Naidoo J.R.The development and validation of the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument-Nurse (HASI-N).AIDS Care. 2009;21 (2): 150-159.
73. Public parenting: A review of home-based care in Victoria. Melbourne, Australia: Author; 2003:.
74. Weber S.Parenting, family life, and well-being among sexual minorities: Nursing policy and practice implications.Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2008;29:601-618.
75. Weber S.A stigma identification framework for family nurses working with parents who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgendered and their families.Journal of Family Nursing. 2010;16:378-393.
76. Whiting J.B.,Huber P.T.Significant stress and real rewards: The ecological and ambiguous experiences of foster parents.Relational Child & Youth Care Practice. 2007;20:9-20.
77. Wilson K.,Sinclair I.,Gibbs I.The trouble with foster care: The impact of stressful "events" on foster carers.British Journal of Social Work. 2000;30 (2): 193-209.
78. WoodsJ. L. (2008). Report of the special commission of inquiry into children protection services in NSW. Retrieved from http://www.dpc.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/33798/Volume_3_-_S pecial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_Child_Protection_Services_in_New_South_ Wales.pdf
79. Yang L.H.,Kleinman A.,Link B.G.,Phelan J.C.,Lee S.,Good B.Culture and stigma: Adding moral experience to stigma theory.Social Science & Medicine. 2007;64:1524-1535.