Dissociation, PTSD, and Substance Abuse: An Empirical Study

Journal of Trauma and Dissociation

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 115-126

  Najavits, Lisa M ^a,b   Walsh, Marybeth ^a  

^a MCLEAN HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

dissociation; posttraumatic stress disorder; substance abuse; women's health

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; CANNABIS; COCAINE; HYPNOTIC SEDATIVE AGENT; PSYCHEDELIC AGENT;

ADULT; ALCOHOLISM; ARTICLE; CANNABIS ADDICTION; CHILD ABUSE; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COPING BEHAVIOR; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISSOCIATION; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMAN; INJURY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NEGLECT; OPIATE ADDICTION; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SYMPTOM; ADDICTION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE;

ADULT; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 84860253136     PISSN: 15299732     EISSN: 15299740     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2011.608781     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th, Washington, DC: Author.
2. Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Wenzel, K. and Ruggiero, J. 1994. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151: 1132-1136.
3. Bernstein, E. M. and Putnam, F. W. 1986. Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174: 727-735.
4. Briere, J. 1995. The Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI): Professional manual, Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
5. Brown, S. A., Goldman, M. S., Inn, A. and Anderson, L. R. 1980. Expectations of reinforcement from alcohol: Their domain and relation to drinking patterns. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48: 419-426.
6. Carlson, E. B., Putnam, F. W., Ross, C. A., Torem, M., Coons, P., Dill, D. L. and Braun, B. G. 1993. Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for multiple personality disorder: A multicenter study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150: 1030-1036.
7. Derogatis, L. R. 1983. The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13: 595-605.
8. Dunn, G. E., Paolo, A. M., Ryan, J. J. and Van Fleet, J. 1993. Dissociative symptoms in a substance abuse population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150: 1043-1047.
9. Evren, C., Sar, V., Evren, B. and Dalbudak, E. 2008. Self-mutilation among male patients with alcohol dependency: The role of dissociation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49: 489-495.
10. Evren, C., Sar, V., Karadag, F., Tamar Gurol, D. and Karagoz, M. 2007. Dissociative disorders among alcohol-dependent inpatients. Psychiatry Research, 152: 233-241.
11. Green, B. 1996. "Trauma History Questionnaire". In Measurement of stress, trauma, and adaptation, Edited by: Stamm, B. H. 366-369. Lutherville, MD: Sidran Press.
12. Jaffe, A. J. and Kilbey, M. M. 1994. The Cocaine Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ): Construction and predictive validity. Psychological Assessment, 6: 18-26.
13. Janoff-Bulman, R. 1989. World Assumptions Scale, Unpublished measure, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
14. Karadag, F., Sar, V., Tamar-Gurol, D., Evren, C., Karagoz, M. and Erkiran, M. 2005. Dissociative disorders among inpatients with drug or alcohol dependency. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66: 1247-1253.
15. Klanecky, A. K., Harrington, J. and McChargue, D. E. 2008. Child sexual abuse, dissociation, and alcohol: Implications of chemical dissociation via blackouts among college women. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 34(3): 277-284.
16. Langeland, W., Draijer, N. and van den Brink, W. 2002. Trauma and dissociation in treatment-seeking alcoholics: Towards a resolution of inconsistent findings. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43: 195-203.
17. Linehan, M. M. and Addis, M. E. 1990. Screening for suicidal behaviors: The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire, Unpublished manuscript.
18. Lynn, S. J. and Rhue, J. W. 1994. Dissociation: Clinical and theoretical perspectives, New York, NY: Guilford Press.
19. McLellan, A. T., Kushner, H., Metzger, D., Peters, R., Smith, I., Grissom, G. and Argeriou, M. 1992. The fifth edition of the Addiction Severity Index. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 9: 199-213.
20. Najavits, L. M. 2002. Seeking safety: A treatment manual for PTSD and substance abuse, New York, NY: Guilford Press.
21. Najavits, L. M., Gotthardt, S., Weiss, R. D. and Epstein, M. 2004. Cognitive distortions in the dual diagnosis of PTSD and substance use disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28: 159-172.
22. Najavits, L., Sonn, J., Walsh, M. and Weiss, R. 2004. Domestic violence in women with PTSD and substance abuse. Addictive Behaviors, 29: 707-715.
23. Najavits, L. M., Weiss, R. D. and Shaw, S. R. 1997. The link between substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder in women: A research review. American Journal on Addictions, 6: 273-283.
24. Roesler, T. A. and Dafler, C. E. 1993. Chemical dissociation in adults sexually victimized as children: Alcohol and drug use in adult survivors. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 10: 537-543.
25. Schafer, I., Langeland, W., Hissbach, J., Luedecke, C., Ohlmeier, M. D., Chodzinski, C. and Driessen, M. 2010. Childhood trauma and dissociation in patients with alcohol dependence, drug dependence, or both: A multi-center study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 109: 84-89.
26. Schafer, I., Reininghaus, U., Langeland, W., Voss, A., Zieger, N., Haasen, C. and Karow, A. 2007. Dissociative symptoms in alcohol-dependent patients: Associations with childhood trauma and substance abuse characteristics. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48: 539-545.
27. Somer, E., Altus, L. and Ginzburg, K. 2010. Dissociative psychopathology among opioid use disorder patients: Exploring the "chemical dissociation" hypothesis. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51: 419-425.
28. Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W. and Gibbon, M. 1997. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Patient Version, New York, NY: Biometrics Research Institute.
29. Tamar-Gurol, D., Sar, V., Karadag, F., Evren, C. and Karagoz, M. 2008. Childhood emotional abuse, dissociation, and suicidality among patients with drug dependency in Turkey. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62: 540-547.
30. Tobin, D. L., Holroyd, K. A., Reynolds, R. V. and Weigal, J. K. 1989. The hierarchical factor structure of the Coping Strategies Inventory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 13: 343-361.
31. van Den Bosch, L., Verheul, R., Langelund, W. and van Den Brink, W. 2003. Trauma, dissociation, and posttraumatic stress disorder in female borderline disorder patients without and without substance abuse problems. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37: 549-555.
32. van der Kolk, B. A. 1987. Psychological trauma, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
33. Weissman, M. M. and Bothwell, S. 1976. Assessment of social adjustment by patient self-report. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33: 1111-1115.
34. Wenzel, K., Bernstein, D. P., Handelsman, L., Rinaldi, P., Ruggiero, J. and Higgins, B. 1996. Levels of dissociation in detoxified substance abusers and their relationship to chronicity of alcohol and drug use. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184(4): 220-227.
35. Wright, F. D. 1992. "Beliefs About Substance Use". In Unpublished scale, Center for Cognitive Therapy, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.