The status of the Hainan gibbon Nomascus hainanus and the Eastern black gibbon Nomascus nasutus

International Zoo Yearbook

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 259-264

  Mootnick, A R ^a   Chan, B P L ^b   Moisson, P ^c   Nadler, T ^d  

^a Gibbon Conservation Center   (United States)

^b Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden   (China)

^c Parc Zoologique et Botanique   (France)

^d Cuc Phuong National Park   (Viet Nam)

Author keywords

Crested gibbons; Critically endangered; Distribution; Eastern black gibbon; Hainan gibbon; Nomascus; Status

Indexed keywords

HYLOBATIDAE; NOMASCUS; NOMASCUS CONCOLOR; NOMASCUS NASUTUS; PRIMATES;

EID: 84860231289     PISSN: 00749664     EISSN: 17481090     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1090.2011.00139.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Chan, B. P. L., Fellowes, J. R., Geissmann, T. & Zhang, J. (Eds) (2005): Status, survey and conservation action plan for the Hainan gibbon: version I (last updated November 2005). Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden Technical Report No. 3. Hong Kong SAR: Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden. Available at.
2. Chan, B. P. L., Tan, X. F. & Tan, W. J. (2008): Rediscovery of the critically endangered eastern black crested gibbon Nomascus nasutus (Hylobatidae) in China, with preliminary notes on population size, ecology and conservation status. Asian Primates Journal1(1): 17-25.
3. Fan, P.-F. & Jiang, X.-L. (2010): Maintenance of multifemale social organization in a group of Nomascus concolor at Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China. International Journal of Primatology31(3): 1-13.
4. Fan, P.-F., Jiang, X. L., Liu, C. M. & Luo, W. S. (2006): Polygynous mating system and behavioural reason of black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Dazhaizi, Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, China. Zoological Research27(2): 216-220.
5. Fan, P.-F., Jiang, X.-L. & Tian, C.-C. (2009): The critically endangered black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor on Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China: the role of forest types in the species' conservation. Oryx43(2): 203-208.
6. Fan, P.-F., Fei, H., Xiang, Z., Zhang, W., Ma, C. & Huang, T. (2010): Social structure and group dynamics of the Cat Vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) in Bangliang, Jingxi, China. Folia Primatologica81: 245-253.
7. Fellowes, J. R., Chan, B. P. L., Zhou, J., Chen, S. H., Yang, S. B. & Ng, S. C. (2008): Current status of the Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus): progress of population monitoring and other priority actions. Asian Primates Journal1: 2-9.
8. Geissmann, T. (2003): Symposium on gibbon diversity and conservation: concluding resolution. Asian Primates8(3/4): 28-29. Available at.
9. Geissmann, T. & Chan, B. (2004): The Hainan black crested gibbon: most critically endangered ape. Folia Primatologica75(suppl. 1): 116 (abstract).
10. Geissmann, T. & Vu Ngoc Thanh (2001): Preliminary results of a primate survey in northeastern Vietnam, with special reference to gibbons. Asian Primates7(3/4): 0-4.
11. Geissmann, T., Nguyen, X. D., Lormée, N. & Momberg, F. (2000): Vietnam primate conservation status review 2000. Part 1: Gibbons. Hanoi: Fauna and Flora International, Indochina Programe.
12. Geissmann, T., La Quang Trung, Trinh Dinh Hoang, Vu Dinh Thong, Dang Ngoc Can & Pham Duc Tien (2003): Rarest ape rediscovered in Vietnam. Asian Primates8(3/4): 8-10.
13. Geissmann, T., Vu Ngoc Thah, Dine, M. C. & Tu Minh Tiep (Unpublished): Results of a gibbon survey in the Kim Hy Nature Reserve (Bac Kan province) in northeastern Vietnam. People Resources Conservation Foundation (PRCF), Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, 2009.
14. IUCN (2010): IUCN red list of threatened species. Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. Available at.
15. Johnson, A., Singh, S., Duangdala, M. & Hedemark, M. (2005): The western black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor in Laos: new records and conservation status. Oryx39: 311-317.
16. La Quang Trung & Trinh Dinh Hoang (2004): Status review of the Cao Vit black crested gibbon (Nomascus nasutus nasutus) in Vietnam. In Conservation of primates in Vietnam: 90-94. Nadler, T., Streicher, U. & Ha Thang Long (Eds). Hanoi: Frankfurt Zoological Society.
17. Le Trong Dat, Fan, P. F., Yan Lu, Le Huu Oanh Nguyen The Cuong & Kempinski, J. (2008): Census report for the global Cao Vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) population. Hanoi: Fauna and Flora International, Vietnam and China Programmes.
18. Liu, Z. H., Zhang, Y. Z., Jian, H. S. & Southwick, C. H. (1989): Population structure of Hylobates concolor in Bawangling Nature Reserve, Hainan, China. American Journal of Primatology19: 247-254.
19. Long Yongcheng & Nadler, T. (2009): Eastern black crested gibbon Nomascus nasutus (Kunkel d'Herculais, 1884). In Primates in peril: the world's 25 most endangered primates, 2008-2010: 26-27. Mittermeier, R. A., Wallis, J., Rylands, A. B., Ganzhorn, J. U., Oates, J. F., Williamson, E. A., Palacios, E., Heymann, E. W., Kierulff, M. C. M., Yongcheng, L., Supriatna, J., Roos, C., Walker, S., Cortés-Ortiz, L. & Schwitzer, C (Eds). Arlington, VA: Conservation International.
20. Mootnick, A. R. (2006): Gibbon (Hylobatidae) species identification recommended for rescue and breeding centers. Primate Conservation21: 103-138.
21. Mootnick, A. R. & Fan, P.-F. (2011): A comparative study of crested gibbon (Nomascus). American Journal of Primatology73: 135-154.
22. Nadler, T. (2003): Rediscovery of the Eastern black crested gibbon Nomascus nasutus in Vietnam. The Gibbon's Voice6(1): 1-3.
23. Nadler, T., Vu Ngoc Thanh & Streicher, S. (2007): Conservation status of Vietnamese primates. Vietnamese Journal of Primatology1(1): 7-26.
24. Roos, C. & Nadler, T. (2005): Molecular evolution and systematics of Indochinese primates. Primate Report72(1): 38-39.
25. Roos, C., Thanh, V. N., Walter, L. & Nadler, T. (2007): Molecular systematics of Indochinese primates. Vietnamese Journal of Primatology1: 41-53.
26. Stone, R. (2011): Last-ditch effort to save embattled ape. Science331(6016): 390.
27. Tan, B. (1985): The status of primates in China. Primate Conservation5: 63-81.
28. Trinh Dinh Hoang (2004): Gibbon monitoring survey and training in Trung Khanh District, Cao Bang Province, September 2004. Hanoi: Fauna and Flora International - Indochina Programme.
29. Van Ngoc Thinh, Mootnick, A. R., Geissmann, T., Ming, L., Ziegler, T., Agil, Moisson, P., Nadler, T., Walter, L. & Roos, C. (2010): Mitochondrial evidence for multiple radiations in the evolutionary history of small apes. BMC Evolutionary Biology10: 74. Available at.
30. Van Ngoc Thinh, Nadler, T., Roos, C. & Hammerschmidt, K. (2010): Taxon-specific vocal characteristics of crested gibbons (Nomascus spp.). In Conservation of primates in Indochina: 121-132. Nadler, T., Rawson, B. M. & VanNgocThinh (Eds). Hanoi: Frankfurt Zoological Society and Conservation International.
31. Wang, S. & Quan, G. (1986): Primate status and conservation in China. In Primates: the road to self-sustaining populations: 213-220. Benirschke, K. (Ed.). New York, NY: Springer Verlag.
32. Wu, W., Wang, X., Claro, F., Ding, Y., Souris, A.-C., Wang, C., Wang, C. & Berzins, R. (2004): The current status of the Hainan black-crested gibbon Nomascus sp. cf. nasutus hainanus in Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China. Oryx38(4): 452-456.
33. Zhang, M.-X., Fellowes, J. R., Jiang, X.-L., Wang, W., Chan, B. P. L., Ren, G.-P. & Zhu, J.-G. (2010): Degradation of tropical forest in Hainan, China, 1991-2008: conservation implications for Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus). Biological Conservation143: 1397-1404.
34. Zhou, J., Wei, F. W., Li, M., Zhang, J. F., Wang, D. L. & Pan, R. L. (2005): Hainan black-crested gibbon is heading for extinction. International Journal of Primatology26: 453-465.
35. Zhou, J., Wei, F. W., Li, M., Chan, B. P. L. & Wang, D. L. (2008): Reproductive characters and mating behaviour of wild Nomascus hainanus. International Journal of Primatology29: 1037-1046.