메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 478-488

Nanoscalic silver possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and exhibits fewer toxicological side effects than silver sulfadiazine

Author keywords

Antimicrobial potency; Internal organ deposition; Percutaneous absorption; Silver ions

Indexed keywords

ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT; ANTIMICROBIAL POTENCY; BACTERIAL STRAINS; INTERNAL ORGANS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MURINE MODEL; NANOSCALE SILVER; PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION; SIDE EFFECT; SILVER DEPOSITION; SILVER IONS; SILVER SULFADIAZINES; SKIN INFECTION; TOPICAL APPLICATION;

EID: 84860229124     PISSN: 15499634     EISSN: 15499642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.07.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (88)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 33947427196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical observations on the neurotoxicity of silver
    • Lansdown A.B. Critical observations on the neurotoxicity of silver. Crit Rev Toxicol 2007, 37:237-250.
    • (2007) Crit Rev Toxicol , vol.37 , pp. 237-250
    • Lansdown, A.B.1
  • 2
    • 0033957912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical review of the use of silver in the treatment of burns. I. Early uses
    • Klasen H.J. Historical review of the use of silver in the treatment of burns. I. Early uses. Burns 2000, 26:117-130.
    • (2000) Burns , vol.26 , pp. 117-130
    • Klasen, H.J.1
  • 3
    • 53949100238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus aureus in dermatology outpatients with special emphasis on community-associated methicillin-resistant strains
    • Jappe U., Heuck D., Strommenger B., Wendt C., Werner G., Altmann D., et al. Staphylococcus aureus in dermatology outpatients with special emphasis on community-associated methicillin-resistant strains. J Invest Dermatol 2008, 128:2655-2664.
    • (2008) J Invest Dermatol , vol.128 , pp. 2655-2664
    • Jappe, U.1    Heuck, D.2    Strommenger, B.3    Wendt, C.4    Werner, G.5    Altmann, D.6
  • 4
    • 0036548957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silver. I: Its antibacterial properties and mechanism of action
    • Lansdown A.B. Silver. I: Its antibacterial properties and mechanism of action. J Wound Care 2002, 11:125-130.
    • (2002) J Wound Care , vol.11 , pp. 125-130
    • Lansdown, A.B.1
  • 5
    • 33846295167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the effects of silver in wound management-what is optimal
    • White R., Cutting K. Exploring the effects of silver in wound management-what is optimal. Wounds 2006, 18:307-314.
    • (2006) Wounds , vol.18 , pp. 307-314
    • White, R.1    Cutting, K.2
  • 6
    • 0014251860 scopus 로고
    • Silver sulfadiazine-a new topical therapy for Pseudomonas in burns. Therapy of Pseudomonas infection in burns
    • Fox C.L. Silver sulfadiazine-a new topical therapy for Pseudomonas in burns. Therapy of Pseudomonas infection in burns. Arch Surg 1968, 96:184-188.
    • (1968) Arch Surg , vol.96 , pp. 184-188
    • Fox, C.L.1
  • 7
    • 0016390891 scopus 로고
    • Activity of silver sulphadiazine against dermatophytes [letter]
    • Speck W.T., Rosenkranz H.S. Activity of silver sulphadiazine against dermatophytes [letter]. Lancet 1974, 2:895-896.
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 895-896
    • Speck, W.T.1    Rosenkranz, H.S.2
  • 8
    • 0015805237 scopus 로고
    • Antifungal activity of silver sulphadiazine
    • Wlodkowski T.J., Rosenkranz H.S. Antifungal activity of silver sulphadiazine. Lancet 1973, 2:739-740.
    • (1973) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 739-740
    • Wlodkowski, T.J.1    Rosenkranz, H.S.2
  • 9
    • 33750216415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro fungistatic and fungicidal activities of silver sulfadiazine and natamycin on pathogenic fungi isolated from horses with keratomycosis
    • Betbeze C.M., Wu C.C., Krohne S.G., Stiles J. In vitro fungistatic and fungicidal activities of silver sulfadiazine and natamycin on pathogenic fungi isolated from horses with keratomycosis. Am J Vet Res 2006, 67:1788-1793.
    • (2006) Am J Vet Res , vol.67 , pp. 1788-1793
    • Betbeze, C.M.1    Wu, C.C.2    Krohne, S.G.3    Stiles, J.4
  • 10
    • 0028897178 scopus 로고
    • Solubility of silver sulfadiazine in physiological media and relevance to treatment of thermal burns with silver sulfadiazine cream
    • Tsipouras N., Rix C.J., Brady P.H. Solubility of silver sulfadiazine in physiological media and relevance to treatment of thermal burns with silver sulfadiazine cream. Clin Chem 1995, 41:87-91.
    • (1995) Clin Chem , vol.41 , pp. 87-91
    • Tsipouras, N.1    Rix, C.J.2    Brady, P.H.3
  • 11
    • 0026066735 scopus 로고
    • Determination of silver in blood, urine, and tissues of volunteers and burn patients
    • Wan A.T., Conyers R.A., Coombs C.J., Masterton J.P. Determination of silver in blood, urine, and tissues of volunteers and burn patients. Clin Chem 1991, 37:1683-1687.
    • (1991) Clin Chem , vol.37 , pp. 1683-1687
    • Wan, A.T.1    Conyers, R.A.2    Coombs, C.J.3    Masterton, J.P.4
  • 12
    • 0036196265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Increased serum and urinary levels of silver during treatment with topical silver sulfadiazine] (Fr.)
    • Maitre S., Jaber K., Perrot J.L., Guy C., Cambazard F. [Increased serum and urinary levels of silver during treatment with topical silver sulfadiazine] (Fr.). Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002, 129:217-219.
    • (2002) Ann Dermatol Venereol , vol.129 , pp. 217-219
    • Maitre, S.1    Jaber, K.2    Perrot, J.L.3    Guy, C.4    Cambazard, F.5
  • 13
    • 7944228845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How safe is silver in wound care?
    • Lansdown A.B., Williams A. How safe is silver in wound care?. J Wound Care 2004, 13:131-136.
    • (2004) J Wound Care , vol.13 , pp. 131-136
    • Lansdown, A.B.1    Williams, A.2
  • 15
    • 49749097225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical silver sulfadiazine-induced systemic argyria in a patient with severe generalized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
    • Flohr C., Heague J., Leach I., English J. Topical silver sulfadiazine-induced systemic argyria in a patient with severe generalized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol 2008, 159:740-741.
    • (2008) Br J Dermatol , vol.159 , pp. 740-741
    • Flohr, C.1    Heague, J.2    Leach, I.3    English, J.4
  • 17
    • 0021023704 scopus 로고
    • Topical silver sulphadiazine: side effects and urinary excretion
    • Lockhart S.P., Rushworth A., Azmy A.A., Raine P.A. Topical silver sulphadiazine: side effects and urinary excretion. Burns 1983, 10:9-12.
    • (1983) Burns , vol.10 , pp. 9-12
    • Lockhart, S.P.1    Rushworth, A.2    Azmy, A.A.3    Raine, P.A.4
  • 18
    • 0022257680 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of side effects associated with the use of silver sulfadiazine in severely burned patients
    • Kulick M.I., Wong R., Okarma T.B., Falces E., Berkowitz R.L. Prospective study of side effects associated with the use of silver sulfadiazine in severely burned patients. Ann Plast Surg 1985, 14:407-419.
    • (1985) Ann Plast Surg , vol.14 , pp. 407-419
    • Kulick, M.I.1    Wong, R.2    Okarma, T.B.3    Falces, E.4    Berkowitz, R.L.5
  • 19
    • 0026091024 scopus 로고
    • Silver sulphadiazine-induced haemolytic anaemia in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient burn patient
    • Eldad A., Neuman A., Weinberg A., Benmeir P., Rotem M., Wexler M.R. Silver sulphadiazine-induced haemolytic anaemia in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient burn patient. Burns 1991, 17:430-432.
    • (1991) Burns , vol.17 , pp. 430-432
    • Eldad, A.1    Neuman, A.2    Weinberg, A.3    Benmeir, P.4    Rotem, M.5    Wexler, M.R.6
  • 20
    • 79956369318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ag colloids and Ag clusters over EDAPTMS-coated silica nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
    • Rastogi S.K., Rutledge V.J., Gibson C., Newcombe D.A., Branen J.R., Branen A.L. Ag colloids and Ag clusters over EDAPTMS-coated silica nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2011, 7:505-514.
    • (2011) Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med , vol.7 , pp. 505-514
    • Rastogi, S.K.1    Rutledge, V.J.2    Gibson, C.3    Newcombe, D.A.4    Branen, J.R.5    Branen, A.L.6
  • 21
    • 82255163068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bactericidal action of Ag(0)- antithrombotic sulfated arabinogalactan nanocomposite: coevolution of initial nanocomposite and living microbial cell to a novel non-living nanocomposite
    • [Epub ahead of print].
    • Shurygina I.A., Sukhov B.G., Fadeeva T.V., Umanets V.A., Shurygin M.G., Ganenko T.V., et al. Bactericidal action of Ag(0)- antithrombotic sulfated arabinogalactan nanocomposite: coevolution of initial nanocomposite and living microbial cell to a novel non-living nanocomposite. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2011 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2011) Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med
    • Shurygina, I.A.1    Sukhov, B.G.2    Fadeeva, T.V.3    Umanets, V.A.4    Shurygin, M.G.5    Ganenko, T.V.6
  • 22
    • 0033940798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility testing of Malassezia species using the urea broth microdilution method
    • Nakamura Y., Kano R., Murai T., Watanabe S., Hasegawa A. Susceptibility testing of Malassezia species using the urea broth microdilution method. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000, 44:2185-2186.
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 2185-2186
    • Nakamura, Y.1    Kano, R.2    Murai, T.3    Watanabe, S.4    Hasegawa, A.5
  • 23
    • 0031833479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans using the urea broth microdilution method
    • Nakamura Y., Kano R., Watanabe S., Takahashi H., Hasegawa A. Susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans using the urea broth microdilution method. Mycoses 1998, 41:41-44.
    • (1998) Mycoses , vol.41 , pp. 41-44
    • Nakamura, Y.1    Kano, R.2    Watanabe, S.3    Takahashi, H.4    Hasegawa, A.5
  • 24
    • 0036930586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluconazole downregulates metallothionein expression and increases copper cytotoxicity in Microsporum canis
    • Uthman A., Rezaie S., Dockal M., Ban J., Soltz-Szots J., Tschachler E. Fluconazole downregulates metallothionein expression and increases copper cytotoxicity in Microsporum canis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002, 299:688-692.
    • (2002) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.299 , pp. 688-692
    • Uthman, A.1    Rezaie, S.2    Dockal, M.3    Ban, J.4    Soltz-Szots, J.5    Tschachler, E.6
  • 25
    • 0033971896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A historical review of the use of silver in the treatment of burns. II. Renewed interest for silver
    • Klasen H.J. A historical review of the use of silver in the treatment of burns. II. Renewed interest for silver. Burns 2000, 26:131-138.
    • (2000) Burns , vol.26 , pp. 131-138
    • Klasen, H.J.1
  • 26
    • 0020054012 scopus 로고
    • Absorption, excretion and tissue distribution of silver sulphadiazine
    • Sano S., Fujimori R., Takashima M., Itokawa Y. Absorption, excretion and tissue distribution of silver sulphadiazine. Burns 1982, 8:278-285.
    • (1982) Burns , vol.8 , pp. 278-285
    • Sano, S.1    Fujimori, R.2    Takashima, M.3    Itokawa, Y.4
  • 28
    • 0030659136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silver aids healing in the sterile skin wound: experimental studies in the laboratory rat
    • Lansdown A.B., Sampson B., Laupattarakasem P., Vuttivirojana A. Silver aids healing in the sterile skin wound: experimental studies in the laboratory rat. Br J Dermatol 1997, 137:728-735.
    • (1997) Br J Dermatol , vol.137 , pp. 728-735
    • Lansdown, A.B.1    Sampson, B.2    Laupattarakasem, P.3    Vuttivirojana, A.4
  • 29
    • 0022446458 scopus 로고
    • Disposition of metals in rats: a comparative study of fecal, urinary, and biliary excretion and tissue distribution of eighteen metals
    • Gregus Z., Klaassen C.D. Disposition of metals in rats: a comparative study of fecal, urinary, and biliary excretion and tissue distribution of eighteen metals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986, 85:24-38.
    • (1986) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.85 , pp. 24-38
    • Gregus, Z.1    Klaassen, C.D.2
  • 30
    • 0018645831 scopus 로고
    • Biliary excretion of silver in the rat, rabbit, and dog
    • Klaassen C.D. Biliary excretion of silver in the rat, rabbit, and dog. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1979, 50:49-55.
    • (1979) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 49-55
    • Klaassen, C.D.1
  • 31
    • 2342556428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silver-coated megaendoprostheses in a rabbit model-an analysis of the infection rate and toxicological side effects
    • Gosheger G., Hardes J., Ahrens H., Streitburger A., Buerger H., Erren M., et al. Silver-coated megaendoprostheses in a rabbit model-an analysis of the infection rate and toxicological side effects. Biomaterials 2004, 25:5547-5556.
    • (2004) Biomaterials , vol.25 , pp. 5547-5556
    • Gosheger, G.1    Hardes, J.2    Ahrens, H.3    Streitburger, A.4    Buerger, H.5    Erren, M.6
  • 33
    • 0026772839 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the in-vitro activities of the topical antimicrobials azelaic acid, nitrofurazone, silver sulphadiazine and mupirocin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Maple P.A., Hamilton-Miller J.M., Brumfitt W. Comparison of the in-vitro activities of the topical antimicrobials azelaic acid, nitrofurazone, silver sulphadiazine and mupirocin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992, 29:661-668.
    • (1992) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.29 , pp. 661-668
    • Maple, P.A.1    Hamilton-Miller, J.M.2    Brumfitt, W.3
  • 34
    • 22744433227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermatophytes growth curve and in vitro susceptibility test: a broth micro-titration method
    • Alio A.B., Mendoza M., Zambrano E.A., Diaz E., Cavallera E. Dermatophytes growth curve and in vitro susceptibility test: a broth micro-titration method. Med Mycol 2005, 43:319-325.
    • (2005) Med Mycol , vol.43 , pp. 319-325
    • Alio, A.B.1    Mendoza, M.2    Zambrano, E.A.3    Diaz, E.4    Cavallera, E.5
  • 36
    • 33750797551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arthroconidia production in Trichophyton rubrum and a new ex vivo model of onychomycosis
    • Yazdanparast S.A., Barton R.C. Arthroconidia production in Trichophyton rubrum and a new ex vivo model of onychomycosis. J Med Microbiol 2006, 55:1577-1581.
    • (2006) J Med Microbiol , vol.55 , pp. 1577-1581
    • Yazdanparast, S.A.1    Barton, R.C.2
  • 37
    • 0017650437 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting germination of Trichophyton mentagrophytes arthrospores
    • Hashimoto T., Blumenthal H.J. Factors affecting germination of Trichophyton mentagrophytes arthrospores. Infect Immun 1977, 18:479-486.
    • (1977) Infect Immun , vol.18 , pp. 479-486
    • Hashimoto, T.1    Blumenthal, H.J.2
  • 38
    • 0141676047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arthroconidial formation in Trichophyton raubitschekii
    • Gupta A.K., Ahmad I., Porretta M., Summerbell R.C. Arthroconidial formation in Trichophyton raubitschekii. Mycoses 2003, 46:304-310.
    • (2003) Mycoses , vol.46 , pp. 304-310
    • Gupta, A.K.1    Ahmad, I.2    Porretta, M.3    Summerbell, R.C.4
  • 39
    • 0006003492 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of silver sulfadiazine action on burn wound infections
    • Fox C.L., Modak S.M. Mechanism of silver sulfadiazine action on burn wound infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1974, 5:582-588.
    • (1974) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.5 , pp. 582-588
    • Fox, C.L.1    Modak, S.M.2
  • 40
    • 0017360039 scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit
    • Bridges K., Lowbury E.J. Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit. J Clin Pathol 1977, 30:160-164.
    • (1977) J Clin Pathol , vol.30 , pp. 160-164
    • Bridges, K.1    Lowbury, E.J.2
  • 41
    • 0017275652 scopus 로고
    • Topical chemoprophylaxis with silver sulphadiazine and silver nitrate chlorhexidine creams: emergence of sulphonamide-resistant Gram-negative bacilli
    • Lowbury E.J., Babb J.R., Bridges K., Jackson D.M. Topical chemoprophylaxis with silver sulphadiazine and silver nitrate chlorhexidine creams: emergence of sulphonamide-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Br Med J 1976, 1:493-496.
    • (1976) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 493-496
    • Lowbury, E.J.1    Babb, J.R.2    Bridges, K.3    Jackson, D.M.4
  • 42
    • 0027360863 scopus 로고
    • Silver sulphadiazine: a comprehensive in vitro reassessment
    • Hamilton-Miller J.M., Shah S., Smith C. Silver sulphadiazine: a comprehensive in vitro reassessment. Chemotherapy 1993, 39:405-409.
    • (1993) Chemotherapy , vol.39 , pp. 405-409
    • Hamilton-Miller, J.M.1    Shah, S.2    Smith, C.3
  • 43
    • 84944450592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli
    • Pal S., Tak Y.K., Song J.M. Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007, 73:1712-1720.
    • (2007) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.73 , pp. 1712-1720
    • Pal, S.1    Tak, Y.K.2    Song, J.M.3
  • 44
    • 2442686414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria
    • Sondi I., Salopek-Sondi B. Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004, 275:177-182.
    • (2004) J Colloid Interface Sci , vol.275 , pp. 177-182
    • Sondi, I.1    Salopek-Sondi, B.2
  • 46
    • 70350051319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silver nanoparticles in therapeutics: development of an antimicrobial gel formulation for topical use
    • Jain J., Arora S., Rajwade J.M., Omray P., Khandelwal S., Paknikar K.M. Silver nanoparticles in therapeutics: development of an antimicrobial gel formulation for topical use. Mol Pharm 2009, 6:1388-1401.
    • (2009) Mol Pharm , vol.6 , pp. 1388-1401
    • Jain, J.1    Arora, S.2    Rajwade, J.M.3    Omray, P.4    Khandelwal, S.5    Paknikar, K.M.6
  • 47
    • 77249164618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silver nanoparticles mediate differential responses in keratinocytes and fibroblasts during skin wound healing
    • Liu X., Lee P.Y., Ho C.M., Lui V.C., Chen Y., Che C.M., et al. Silver nanoparticles mediate differential responses in keratinocytes and fibroblasts during skin wound healing. ChemMedChem 2010, 5:468-475.
    • (2010) ChemMedChem , vol.5 , pp. 468-475
    • Liu, X.1    Lee, P.Y.2    Ho, C.M.3    Lui, V.C.4    Chen, Y.5    Che, C.M.6
  • 48
    • 79960735142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of collagen alignment by silver nanoparticles results in better mechanical properties in wound healing
    • Kwan K.H., Liu X., To M.K., Yeung K.W., Ho C.M., Wong K.K. Modulation of collagen alignment by silver nanoparticles results in better mechanical properties in wound healing. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2011, 7:497-504.
    • (2011) Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med , vol.7 , pp. 497-504
    • Kwan, K.H.1    Liu, X.2    To, M.K.3    Yeung, K.W.4    Ho, C.M.5    Wong, K.K.6
  • 49
    • 0037254187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial effect of beta-thujaplicin on staphylococci isolated from atopic dermatitis: relationship between changes in the number of viable bacterial cells and clinical improvement in an eczematous lesion of atopic dermatitis
    • Arima Y., Nakai Y., Hayakawa R., Nishino T. Antibacterial effect of beta-thujaplicin on staphylococci isolated from atopic dermatitis: relationship between changes in the number of viable bacterial cells and clinical improvement in an eczematous lesion of atopic dermatitis. J Antimicob Chemother 2003, 51:113-122.
    • (2003) J Antimicob Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 113-122
    • Arima, Y.1    Nakai, Y.2    Hayakawa, R.3    Nishino, T.4
  • 51
    • 33645129371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of microorganisms in atopic dermatitis
    • Baker B.S. The role of microorganisms in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2006, 144:1-9.
    • (2006) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.144 , pp. 1-9
    • Baker, B.S.1
  • 52
    • 33750091667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitization to the yeast Malassezia sympodialis is specific for extrinsic and intrinsic atopic eczema
    • Casagrande B.F., Fluckiger S., Linder M.T., Johansson C., Scheynius A., Crameri R., et al. Sensitization to the yeast Malassezia sympodialis is specific for extrinsic and intrinsic atopic eczema. J Invest Dermatol 2006, 126:2414-2421.
    • (2006) J Invest Dermatol , vol.126 , pp. 2414-2421
    • Casagrande, B.F.1    Fluckiger, S.2    Linder, M.T.3    Johansson, C.4    Scheynius, A.5    Crameri, R.6
  • 53
    • 33745773486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting the role of infections in atopic dermatitis
    • Biedermann T. Dissecting the role of infections in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 2006, 86:99-109.
    • (2006) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.86 , pp. 99-109
    • Biedermann, T.1
  • 54
    • 0034046429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to staphylococcal superantigen in patients with severe atopic dermatitis: a role of T cell apoptosis
    • Yoshino T., Asada H., Sano S., Nakamura T., Itami S., Tamura M., et al. Impaired responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to staphylococcal superantigen in patients with severe atopic dermatitis: a role of T cell apoptosis. J Invest Dermatol 2000, 114:281-288.
    • (2000) J Invest Dermatol , vol.114 , pp. 281-288
    • Yoshino, T.1    Asada, H.2    Sano, S.3    Nakamura, T.4    Itami, S.5    Tamura, M.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.