Green pretexts: Ecotourism, neoliberal conservation and land grabbing in Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombia

Journal of Peasant Studies

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 357-375

  Ojeda, Diana ^a  

^a PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA   (Colombia)

Author keywords

Colombia; ecotourism; land grabbing; militarization; neoliberal conservation

Indexed keywords

ECOTOURISM; NATURE CONSERVATION; NEOLIBERALISM; PRIVATIZATION; VIOLENCE;

COLOMBIA; MAGDALENA; TAYRONA NATIONAL PARK;

EID: 84860207902     PISSN: 03066150     EISSN: 17439361     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2012.658777     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Agudelo, C. E. 2005. Retos del multiculturalismo en Colombia: política y poblaciones negras, Medellín: La Carreta.
2. Álvarez, M. D. 2002. Illicit crops and bird conservation priorities in Colombia. Conservation Biology, 16: 1086-1096.
3. Antipode. 2010. Special issue on Capitalism and Conservation. Antipode, 42(3) 469-799
4. Appelbaum, N. 1999. Whitening the region: caucano mediation and 'antioqueño colonization' in nineteenth-century Colombia. The Hispanic American Historical Review, 79(4): 631-667.
5. Arias, J. 2005. Nación y diferencia en el siglo XIX colombiano: Orden nacional, racialismo y taxonomías poblacionales, Bogotá: Uniandes.
6. Asher, K. and Ojeda, D. 2009. Producing nature and making the state: Ordenamiento territorial in the Pacific lowlands of Colombia. Geoforum, 40(3): 292-302.
7. Bakker, K. 2005. Neoliberalizing nature? market environmentalism in water supply in England and Wales. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 95(3): 542-565.
8. Ballvé, T. Territory by dispossession: decentralization, statehood, and the narco land-grab in Colombia. Paper presented at the International Conference on Global Land Grabbing. April6-8, Brighton, UK.
9. Barco, C. 2002. Discursos. Bogotá: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Available from: www.minrelext.gov.co/Noticias/discursos/discursodic12s.htm [Accessed 30 June 2011]
10. Bocarejo, D. 2009. deceptive utopias: violence, environmentalism, and the regulation of multiculturalism in Colombia. Law & Policy, 31(3): 307-329.
11. Bocarejo, D. 2011. Dos paradojas del multiculturalismo Colombiano: la espacialización de la diferencia indígena y su aislamiento político. Revista Colombiana de Antropología, 47(2): 97-121.
12. Bolívar, I. 2006. "Las identidades escenificadas: Discursos y referentes para el autorreconocimiento". In Identidades culturales y formación del estado en Colombia: Colonización, naturaleza y cultura, Edited by: Bolívar, I. 15-35. Bogotá: Uniandes.
13. Brockington, D. and Duffy, R. 2010. Capitalism and conservation: the production and reproduction of biodiversity conservation. Antipode, 42(3): 469-484.
14. Brockington, D., Duffy, R. and Igoe, J. 2008. Nature unbound: conservation, capitalism and the future of protected areas, London: Earthscan.
15. Burgos, F. 2002. "El problema de tierras en el Parque Nacional Tayrona: Las leyes de reforma agraria y la disponibilidad de la propiedad privada". In UAESPNN, Parques con la Gente II, Edited by: UAESPNN. 92-100. Bogotá: UAESPNN.
16. Caballero, A. 2010. Detrás de las elecciones. Semana, 20 March
17. Cárdenas, R. After titling: Oil palm landscapes and Afro-Colombian territories. Paper presented at the International Conference on Global Land Grabbing. April6-8, Brighton, UK.
18. Chaves M. La multiculturalidad estatalizada. Indígenas, afrodescendientes y configuraciones de estado Bogotá ICANH 2012
19. Conservation and Society. 2007. Special issue on Neoliberal Conservation. Conservation and Society, 5(4) 432-612
20. Coronel, H. 2009. El Tayrona es de muy pocos colombianos. El Tiempo, 10 October. Available from: www.elespectador.com/impreso/nacional/articuloimpreso165962-el-tayrona-de-muy-pocos-colombianos?page=0,0 [Accessed 12 July 2011]
21. Corporación Nuevo Arco Iris. 2009. Informe sobre Seguridad y Conflicto en Colombia 2009, Bogotá: Corporación Nuevo Arco Iris.
22. Cresswell, T. 1999. Embodiment, power and the politics of mobility: the case of female tramps and hobos. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 24: 175-192.
23. CSPPDF - Comisión de Seguimiento a la Política Pública sobre Desplazamiento Forzado. 2010. Magnitud del despojo y abandono forzado de bienes de la Población Desplazada en Colombia: III Encuesta Nacional de la Comisión de Seguimiento a la Política Pública sobre el Desplazamiento Forzado, Bogotá: Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
24. Current Conservation. 2010. Special issue on Neoliberal Biodiversity Conservation and Displacement. Current Conservation, 3(3) 4-30
25. Dávalos, L. M., Bejarano, A. C., Hall, M. A., Correa, H. L., Corthals, A. and Espejo, O. J. 2011. Forests and drugs: coca-driven deforestation in tropical biodiversity hotspots. Environmental Science and Technology, 45: 1219-227.
26. Del Cairo, C. 2011. Las jerarquías étnicas y las retóricas del multiculturalismo estatal en San José del Guaviare. Revista Colombiana de Antropología, 47(2), 123-149
27. Dickinson, E. 2011. Columbia's invisible war. The Atlantic, 1 August. Available from: www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/08/columbias-invisible-war/242775/ [Accessed 15 September 2011]
28. Duffy, R. 2008. Neoliberalising nature: global networks and ecotourism development in Madagasgar. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16: 327-344.
29. El Espectador. 2011. Compulsan copias sobre versión de alias 'El canoso' respecto a los Uribe. ElEspectador, 5 August. Available from: www.elespectador.com/noticias/judicial/articulo-289727-compulsan-copias-sobre-version-de-alias-el-canoso-respecto-los-u [Accessed 15 August 2011]
30. Escobar, A. 2006. Difference and conflict in the struggle over natural resources: A political ecology framework. Development, 49(3): 6-13.
31. Escobar, A. 2008. Territories of difference: place, movements, life, redes, Durham: Duke University Press.
32. Espinosa, N. 2010. Política de vida y muerte. Etnografía de la violencia diaria en la Sierra de la Macarena, Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia.
33. Goldman, M. 2001. Constructing an environmental state: eco-governmentality and other transnational practices of a 'green' World Bank. Social Problems, 48(4): 499-523.
34. Grajales, J. 2011. The rifle and the title: paramilitary violence, land grab and land control in Colombia. Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(4): 771-792.
35. Gupta, A. and Ferguson, J. 1992. Beyond 'culture': space, identity, and the politics of difference. Cultural Anthropology, 7(1): 6-23.
36. Hammer, J. 2007. In Colombia, a war zone reclaims its past. The New York Times, 11 November Available from: travel.nytimes.com/2007/11/11/travel/11Explorer.html?scp=1&sq=colombia%20tayrona&st=tcse [Accessed 23 October 2011]
37. Heynen, N., McCarthy, J., Prudham, S. and Robbins, P. 2007. "False promises". In Neoliberal Environments: false promises and unnatural consequences, Edited by: Heynen, N. and et al. 1-21. London and New York: Routledge.
38. Human Rights Watch. 2010. Paramilitaries' heirs: the new face of violence in Colombia. Washington: Human Rights Watch. Available from: www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/02/02/colombia-stop-abuses-paramilitaries-successor-groups [Accessed 12 October 2011]
39. Hyndman, J. 2007. The securitization of fear in post-tsunami Sri Lanka. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 97(2): 361-372.
40. Igoe, J., Neves, K. and Brockington, D. 2010. A spectacular eco-tour around the historic bloc: theorising the convergence of biodiversity conservation and capitalist expansion. Antipode, 42(3): 486-512.
41. Jessop, B. 2002. The future of the capitalist state, Malden: Blackwell.
42. Katz, C. 1998. "Whose nature, whose culture? Private productions of space and the 'preservation' of nature". In Remaking reality: nature at the millenium, Edited by: Braun, B. and Castree, N. 46-63. London and New York: Routledge.
43. Katz, C. 2007. "Me and my monkey: what's hiding in the security state". In Indefensible space: the architecture of the national insecurity state, Edited by: Sorkin, M. 305-323. New York: Routledge.
44. Kosek, J. 2006. Understories: the political life of forests in northern New Mexico, Durham: Duke University Press.
45. Leech, G. 2008. Distorted perceptions of Colombia's conflict. Colombia Journal, June Available from: colombiajournal.org/distorted-perceptions-of-colombia-conflict.htm [Accessed 2 August 2011]
46. LeGrand, C. 1986. Frontier expansion and peasant protest in Colombia, 1850-1936, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
47. Lohmann, L. 2000. For reasons of nature: ethnic discrimination and conservation in Thailand. The Corner House. Available from: www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/item. shtml?x=52023 [Accessed 24 October 2011]
48. McCarthy, J. and Prudham, S. 2004. Neoliberal nature and the nature of neoliberalism. Geoforum, 35(3): 275-283.
49. McDowell, L. 1999. Gender, identity and place: understanding feminist geographies, Cambridge: Polity Press.
50. Mollet, S. 2006. Race and natural resource conflicts in Honduras: The Miskito and Garifuna struggle for Lasa Pulan. Latin American Research Review, 41(1): 76-101.
51. Moore, D., Pandian, A. and Kosek, J. 2003. "The cultural politics of race and nature: terrains of power and practice". In Race, nature, and the politics of difference, Edited by: Moore, D. 1-70. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
52. Neumann, R. 1998. Imposing wilderness: struggles over livelihood and nature preservation in Africa, Berkeley: University of California Press.
53. Osorio, C. 2011. Un hotel de siete estrellas, seis sentidos y cinco cuestionamientos. La Silla Vacía, 18 October Available from: www.lasillavacia.com/historia/un-hotel-de-siete-estrellas-seis-sentidos-y-cincocuestionamientos-28691 [Accessed 3 January 2012]
54. Palacios, M. 2006. Between legitimacy and violence. a history of Colombia, 1875-2002, Durham: Duke University Press.
55. Peck, J. and Tickell, A. 2002. Neoliberalizing space. Antipode, 34(3): 380-404.
56. Plumwood, V. 1993. Feminism and the mastery of nature, London: Routledge.
57. Ramírez, M. C. 2001. Entre el estado y la guerrilla: Identidad y ciudadanía en el movimiento de los campesinos cocaleros del Putumayo, Bogotá: Icanh.
58. Ramírez, M. C. 2010. "Maintaining democracy in colombia through political exclusion, states of exception, counterinsurgency and dirty war". In Violent democracies in Latin America, Edited by: Desmond Arias, E. and Goldstein, D. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
59. Restrepo, E. 2004. Ethnicization of blackness in Colombia: Toward de-racializing theoretical and political imagination. Cultural Studies, 18(5): 698-715.
60. Restrepo, E. 2007. El 'giro al multiculturalismo' desde un encuadre afro-indígena. Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 12(2): 475-486.
61. Restrepo, E. 2008. "Multiculturalismo, gubernamentalidad y resistencia". In El giro hermenéutico de las ciencias sociales y humanas, Edited by: Almario, O. and Ruíz, M. Medellín: Universidad Nacional, pp. 35-47.
62. Roldán, M. 1998. Violencia, colonización y la geografía de la diferencia cultural en Colombia. Análisis Político, 38: 3-22.
63. Ruiz, D. 2003. Campesinos entre la selva, invasores de reservas. Tabula Rasa, 1: 183-210.
64. Semana. 2011. Novela en el Tayrona. Semana, 9 April. Available from: www.semana.com/nacion/novela-tayrona/154857-3.aspx [Accessed 15 October 2011]
65. Sheller, M. 2003. Consuming the Caribbean: From arawaks to zombies, New York: Routledge.
66. Sparke, M. 2006. A neoliberal nexus: Economy, security and the biopolitics of citizenship on the border. Political Geography, 25(2): 151-180.
67. Steiner, C. 2000. Imaginación y poder: El encuentro del interior con la costa en Urabá, 1900-1960, Medellín: Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.
68. Sullivan, S. 2006. The elephant in the room? Problematizing 'new' (neoliberal) biodiversity conservation. Forum for Development Studies, 33(1): 105-135.
69. Tate, W. 2007. Counting the dead: the culture and politics of human rights activism in Colombia, Berkeley: University of California Press.
70. Trouillot, M. 2001. The anthropology of the state in the age of globalization. Current Anthropology, 42: 125-138.
71. Ulloa, A. 2005. The ecological native: indigenous peoples' movements and eco-governmentality in Colombia, New York: Routledge.
72. USA Today. 2006. As Colombian violence wanes, foreign tourism surges. USA Today, 15 March Available from: at www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2006-03-15-colombia-tourism_x.htm [Accessed 3 February 2011]
73. Vásquez, M. 2006. "De repúblicas independientes a zonas de despeje: Identidades y estado en los márgenes". In Identidades culturales y formación del estado en Colombia: Colonización, naturaleza y cultura, Edited by: Bolívar, I. 119-202. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
74. Verdad Abierta. 2009. Condenan a 38 años a Hernán Giraldo Sierra. Verdad Abierta, 21 January Available from: www.verdadabierta.com/justicia-y-paz/versiones/80-versiones-seccion/769-condenan-a-38-anos-al-ex-lider-paramilitar-hernan-giraldo-sierra-por-los-delitos-de-concierto-para-delinquir-y-desaparicion-forzada [Accessed 3 March 2011]
75. Verdad, Abierta. 2010a. El sacrificio de los ecologistas de la Sierra. Verdad Abierta, 25 October Available from www.verdadabierta.com/reconstruyendo/2802-el-sacrificio-de-los-ecologistas-de-la-sierra [Accessed 24 April 2011]
76. Verdad, Abierta. 2010b. Los años de Hernán Giraldo en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Verdad Abierta, 20 November Available from: www.verdadabierta.com/victimarios/2861 -los-anos-de-hernan-giraldo-en-la-sierra-nevada-de-santa-marta [Accessed 23 April 2011]
77. Verdad, Abierta. 2011a. Lo que ha dicho 'el Canoso' sobre los hermanos Uribe. Verdad Abierta, 5 August Available from: verdadabierta.com/parapolitica/3448-lo-que-ha-dicho-el-canoso-sobre-los-hermanos-uribe [Accessed 12 September 2011]
78. Verdad, Abierta. 2011b. Antes nos servían whisky ahora nos llaman bandidos': 'El Canoso. Verdad Abierta, 22 August Available from: verdadabierta.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=3481 [Accessed 12 September 2011]
79. Wade, P. 1993. Blackness and race mixture: the dynamics of racial identity in Colombia, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
80. Wade, P. 1995. The cultural politics of blackness in Colombia. American Ethnologist, 22(2): 341-357.
81. Wade, P. 2002. Race, nature and culture: an anthropological perspective, London: Pluto Press.
82. West, P. 2006. Conservation is our government now: the politics of ecology in Papua New Guinea, Durham and London: Duke University Press.