The ecuadorian exemplar: The first ever vindications of constitutional rights of nature

Review of European Community and International Environmental Law

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 63-66

  Daly, Erin ^a  

^a WIDENER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLOOD DAMAGE; FLOODING; LEGAL RIGHTS; NATURE CONSERVATION; STATE ROLE;

ECUADOR;

EID: 84860197393     PISSN: 09628797     EISSN: 14679388     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9388.2012.00744.x     Document Type: Review

References (22)

1. Wheeler c. Director de la Procuraduria General Del Estado de Loja, Juicio No. 11121-2011-0010 ('Wheeler'), found at . Translations from the original Spanish are the author's own.
2. Ecuador Constitution, Article 71 and Articles 72-74, found at .
3. See, e.g., 'Global Alliance for the Rights of Nature', found at
4. and 'Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund', found at .
5. See .
6. See .
7. See .
8. See, e.g., 'The Universal Declaration of the Rights of Nature', found at .
9. República del Ecuador Asamblea Nacional, Comisión de la Biodiversidad y Recursos Naturales, Acta de Sesión No. 66 (15 June 2011) ('República del Ecuador Asamblea Nacional'), found at .
10. For an additional review of the judicial progressiveness in securing environmental rights in Ecuador, see P. Radden Keefe, 'A Crusading Lawyer Helped Ecuadorians Secure a Huge Environmental Judgment against Chevron. But Did It Go Too Far?', The New Yorker (9 January 2012).
11. See, e.g., 'Controversial Injunction for the Rights of Nature', found at .
12. See also M. Melo and J. Auz, 'Polémica Medida Cautelar en favor de los Derechos de la Naturaleza', found at .
13. See 'Operativo en áreas mineras ilegales, ayer en Esmeraldas', Hoy (22 May 2011), found at .
14. See República del Ecuador Asamblea Nacional, n. 22 above.
15. See, e.g., ECHR 27 November 2007, Hamer v. Belgium, No. 21861/03.
16. Article 11, Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), [2008] OJ C115/49 ('TFEU').
17. Article 191.2, and more generally Articles 191-193 TFEU. Article 37, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union [2000] OJ C 364/01.
18. O. Houck, 'Foreword: The Missing Constitution', in J. May, Principles of Constitutional Environmental Law (ABA/ELI, 2011), xxiii, at xxv.
19. The classic example is ECJ 2 April 1998, Case C-321/95, Stichting Greenpeace Council (Greenpeace International) and Others v. Commission, [1998] ECR I-165.
20. See, e.g., Supreme Court of the United States 12 June 1992, Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 US 555 (1992).
21. See, e.g., Supreme Court of India 13 December 1996, M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath and Others (1997) 1 SCC 388.
22. Supreme Court of California 14 April 1983, National Audubon Society v. Superior Court of Alpine County, 33 Cal.3d 419 (1983).