The Effect of Electrical Lighting Power and Irradiance on Indoor-Grown Cannabis Potency and Yield

Journal of Forensic Sciences

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 618-622

  Potter, David J ^a   Duncombe, Paul ^a  

^a Porton Down Science Park   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

9 tetrahydrocannabinol; Cannabinoid; Cannabis; Carbon nutrient balance; Forensic science; Light; Marijuana; Potency; Sinsemilla; THC

Indexed keywords

EID: 84860179154     PISSN: 00221198     EISSN: 15564029     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02024.x     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2009. 2009 World Drug Report (1.3 Cannabis market summary trend overview). New York, NY: United Nations Publications, 2009.
2. Wills S. Cannabis use and abuse by man. In: Brown DT, editor. Cannabis: the genus cannabis. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1998;1-27.
3. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2008. 2008 World Drug Report (1.4 Cannabis Market). New York, NY: United Nations Publications, 2008.
4. Leggett T. A review of the world cannabis situation. Bull Narc 2006;2:1-36.
5. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2009. 2009 World Drug Report (1.3.2 Why does cannabis potency matter?). New York, NY: United Nations Publications, 2009.
6. US Department of Justice National Drug Threat Assessment. 2010, (accessed August 2, 2010).
7. Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. 2008, Cannabis; classification and public health, (accessed August 2, 2010).
8. Silverstone D. The policing of Vietnamese organized crime within the UK. Policing 2011;5(1):41-8.
9. Association of Chief Police Officers, National Policing Improvement Agency. Practical advice on tackling commercial cannabis cultivation and headshops (2, Cannabis farms), (accessed August 2, 2010).
10. Toonen M, Ribot S, Thissen J. Yield of illicit indoor cannabis cultivation in the Netherlands. J Forensic Sci 2006;51(5):1050-4.
11. Knight G, Hansen S, Connor M, Poulsen H, McGovern C, Stacey J. The results of an experimental indoor hydroponic cannabis growing study, using the 'Screen of Green' (ScrOG) method-Yield, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and DNA analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2010;202:36-44.
12. US Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration. Cannabis yields. Washington, DC: US Deparatment of Justice, 1992.
13. Bureau Ontnemingswetgeving Opoenbaar Ministerie. Illegally obtained profit from growing cannabis indoors under artificial light, standard computations and standards 2005 and the update of November 2010. The Netherlands: Bureau Ontnemingswetgeving Opoenbaar Ministere, 2010;2, http://www.om.nl/actueel/publicaties/bureau/@148635/wederrechtelijk/ (accessed November 25, 2010).
14. Lydon J, Teramura AH, Coffman CB. UV-B radiation effects on photosynthesis, growth and cannabinoid production of two Cannabis sativa chemotypes. Photochem Photobiol 1987;46(2):201-6.
15. 2 conditions. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2008;14:299-306.
16. Rosenthal E. The big book of buds: more marijuana varieties from the world's great seed breeders. Vol. 3. Oakland, CA: Quick Trading Co, 2007.
17. Hough M, Warburton H, Few B, May T, Man L-H, Witton J, et al. 2003. A growing market: the domestic cultivation of cannabis (drugs and alcohol research programme). York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Federation, 2003.
18. Mehmedic Z, Chandra S, Slade D, Denham H, Foster S, Patel AS, et al. Potency trends of delta(9)-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated cannabis preparations from 1993 to 2008. J Forensic Sci 2010;55(5):1209-17.
19. United States-Canada Border Drug Threat Assessment 2007, (accessed August 2, 2010).
20. Potter DJ, Clark P, Brown MB. Potency of delta 9-THC and other cannabinoids in cannabis in England in 2005: implications for psychoactivity and pharmacology. J Forensic Sci 2008;53:90-4.
21. Hardwick S, King L. Home Office Cannabis Potency Study 2008. 2008, (accessed on May 8, 2008).
22. Smith H. High potency cannabis; the forgotten variable. Addiction 2005;100:1558-60.
23. King LA, Carpentier C, Griffiths P. European monitoring centre for drugs and drug addiction insights no 6, an overview of cannabis potency in Europe. Luxenbourg, Germany: Office for the Publications of the European Communities, 2004.
24. Herms DA, Mattson WJ. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. Quart Rev Biol 1992;67:283-325.
25. Clarke RC. Sinsemilla heritage-what's in a name? In: King J, editor. The cannabible. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 2001;1-24.
26. Anonymous. Selecting the perfect clone mother. High Times, 2008 July, (accessed August 4, 2010).
27. Potter DJ. Growth and morphology of medicinal cannabis. In: Guy GW, Whittle BA, Robson PJ, editors. The medicinal uses of cannabis and cannabinoids. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press, 2004;15-54.
28. de Meijer EPM, Bagatta M, Carboni M, Crucitti P, Moliterni VMC, Ranalli P, et al. The inheritance of chemical phenotype in Cannabis sativa L. Genetics 2003;63:335-46.
29. Evans JR, Jakobsen I, Ögren E. Photosynthetic light-response curves. Planta 1993;189(2):191-200.
30. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2006. 2006 World Drug Report (2.3 The emergence of 'new cannabis' and the reassessment of health risks). New York, NY: United Nations Publications, 2006.
31. Gershenzon J. Metabolic costs of terpenoid accumulation in higher plants. J Chem Ecol 1994;20(6):1281-328.