Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in the community (SIVE): Protocol for a cohort study exploiting a unique national linked data set

BMJ Open

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2012, Pages

  Lone, Nazir I ^a   Simpson, Colin ^a   Kavanagh, Kimberley ^b   Robertson, Chris ^b,c   McMenamin, Jim ^c   Ritchie, Lewis ^d   Sheikh, Aziz ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

^c HEALTH PROTECTION SCOTLAND   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INFLUENZA VACCINE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORTALITY; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PROPENSITY SCORE; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; SCHOOL CHILD; SEASONAL INFLUENZA; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; UNITED KINGDOM; VACCINATION;

EID: 84860163385     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001019     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA 2003;289:179-86. (Pubitemid 36068705)
2. Information Services Division. Influenza Vaccinations: Vaccination Uptake. National Services Scotland, 2010. http://www.isdscotlandarchive.scot. nhs.uk/isd/6365.html (accessed 3 Sep. 2011).
3. Smith S, Demicheli V, Di Pietrantonj C, et al. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; (1): CD004879.
4. Jefferson T, Di Pietrantonj C, Al-Ansary L, et al. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (2): CD004876.
5. Nichol KL, Nordin JD, Nelson DB, et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in the community-dwelling elderly. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1373-81. (Pubitemid 47535592)
6. Hak E, Buskens E, Nichol KL, et al. Do recommended high-risk adults benefit from a first influenza vaccination? Vaccine 2006;24:2799-802.
7. Jackson LA, Jackson ML, Nelson JC, et al. Evidence of bias in estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in seniors. Int J Epidemiol 2006;35:337-44.
8. Hak E, Verheij TJ, Grobbee DE, et al. Confounding by indication in non-experimental evaluation of vaccine effectiveness: the example of prevention of influenza complications. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002;56:951-5. (Pubitemid 35440661)
9. Simonsen L, Viboud C, Taylor RJ, et al. Influenza vaccination and mortality benefits: new insights, new opportunities. Vaccine 2009;27:6300-4.
10. Simonsen L. Commentary: observational studies and the art of accurately measuring influenza vaccine benefits. Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:631-2. (Pubitemid 47244567)
11. Chief Medical Officer. Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Programme 2010-11. Reference:SGHD/CMO, (2010) 12. Scottish Government, 2010. http://www.sehd.scot. nhs.uk/cmo/CMO(2010)14.pdf
12. Simpson CR, Ritchie LD, Robertson C, et al. Vaccine effectiveness in pandemic influenza - primary care reporting (VIPER): an observational study to assess the effectiveness of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) v vaccine. Health Technol Assess 2010;14:313-46.
13. Information Services Division. NHS Hospital Data Quality: Towards Better Data From Scottish Hospitals. Edinburgh: ISD Publications Scotland, 2007.
14. Kendrick S, Clarke J. The Scottish record linkage system. Health Bull 1993;51:72-9.
15. Scottish Public Health Observatory. Overview of Key Data Sources: ISD Linked Database. 2010. http://www.scotpho.org.uk/home/resources/ OverviewofKeyDataSources/Nationaldataschemes/Linked-database.asp
16. Information Services Division. Practice Team Information (PTI) Statistics. National Services Scotland, 2010. http://www.isdscotland.org/Health- Topics/General-Practice/PTI-Statistics (accessed 12 Aug. 2011).
17. McAlister FA, Murphy NF, Simpson CR, et al. Influence of socioeconomic deprivation on the primary care burden and treatment of patients with a diagnosis of heart failure in general practice in Scotland: population based study. BMJ 2004;328:1110.
18. Whitelaw FG, Nevin SL, Milne RM, et al. Completeness and accuracy of morbidity and repeat prescribing records held on general practice computers in Scotland. Br J Gen Pract 1996;46:181-6. (Pubitemid 26092859)
19. Scottish Public Health Observatory. Overview of Key Data Sources: Deaths. 2010. http://www.scotpho.org.uk/home/resources/OverviewofKeyDataSources/ Nationaldataschemes/deaths.asp
20. Health Protection Scotland. Influenza Seasons. 2011. http://www.hps.scot. nhs.uk/resp/influenzaseason.aspx (accessed 15 Sep. 2011).
21. Influenza (updated November 2011). In: Salisbury D, Ramsay M, Noakes K, eds. Immunisation against Infections Disease. London: The Stationery Office, 2006:185-204. http://www.dh.gov. uk/prod-consum-dh/groups/dh-digitalassets/ documents/digitalasset/dh-131001.pdf (accessed 6 Dec. 2011).
22. Lipsitch M, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Cohen T. Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies. Epidemiology 2010;21:383-8.
23. National Statistics. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation: 2009 General Report. Edinburgh: Scottish Government National Statistics Publications, 2009.
24. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, et al. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:373-83. (Pubitemid 17055592)
25. Schneeweiss S, Maclure M. Use of comorbidity scores for control of confounding in studies using administrative databases. Int J Epidemiol 2000;29:891-8.
26. Khan NF, Perera R, Harper S, et al. Adaptation and validation of the Charlson Index for Read/OXMIS coded databases. BMC Fam Pract 2010;11:1.
27. Voordouw AC, Sturkenboom MC, Dieleman JP, et al. Annual revaccination against influenza and mortality risk in communitydwelling elderly persons. JAMA 2004;292:2089-95. (Pubitemid 39435099)
28. Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 1983;70:41-55.
29. Greenland S. An introduction to instrumental variables for epidemiologists. Int J Epidemiol 2000;29:722-9. (Pubitemid 30612241)
30. Groenwold RH, Hak E, Klungel OH, et al. Instrumental variables in influenza vaccination studies: mission impossible?! Value Health 2010;13:132-7.
31. Lin DY, Psaty BM, Kronmal RA. Assessing the sensitivity of regression results to unmeasured confounders in observational studies. Biometrics 1998;54:948-63. (Pubitemid 28429289)
32. Groenwold RH, Nelson DB, Nichol KL, et al. Sensitivity analyses to estimate the potential impact of unmeasured confounding in causal research. Int J Epidemiol 2010;39:107-17.
33. Simonsen L, Taylor RJ, Viboud C, et al. Mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people: an ongoing controversy. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:658-66. (Pubitemid 47444564)
34. Newcombe R. Confidence Intervals for Proportions and Related Quantities. 2010. http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/medic/aboutus/departments/ primarycareandpublichealth/ourresearch/resources/index.html (accessed Jan 2010).
35. White IR, Royston P, Wood AM. Multiple imputation using chained equations: Issues and guidance for practice. Stat Med 2011;30:377-99.
36. Syddall H, Roberts HC, Evandrou M, et al. Prevalence and correlates of frailty among community-dwelling older men and women: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Age Ageing 2010;39:197-203.
37. Santos-Eggimann B, Cuénoud P, Spagnoli J, et al. Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling Europeans living in 10 countries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009;64:675-81.
38. Jackson ML, Nelson JC, Weiss NS, et al. Influenza vaccination and risk of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent elderly people: a population-based, nested case-control study. Lancet 2008;372:398-405.
39. Information Services Division. Influenza. 2010. http://www. isdscotlandarchive.scot.nhs.uk/isd/6365.html (accessed 3 Sep. 2011).
40. National Records Scotland. Weekly Death Registrationsd In Total, and Caused by Respiratory System Diseases. 2011. http://www.groscotland. gov. uk/statistics/theme/vital-events/general/weeklymonthlybirths-death-data/weekly/ weekly-death-registrations-in-totalandcaused-by-respiratory-diseases.html (accessed 1 Oct. 2011).
41. Hardelid P, Fleming D, McMenamin J, et al. Effectiveness of pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection in England and Scotland 2009-2010. Euro Surveill 2011;16:pii: 19763.