Microsaccades and blinks trigger illusory rotation in the "Rotating Snakes" illusion

Journal of Neuroscience

Volumn 32, Issue 17, 2012, Pages 6043-6051

  Otero Millan, Jorge ^a,b   Macknik, Stephen L ^a   Martinez Conde, Susana ^a  

^a BARROW NEUROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIGO   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; EYE MOVEMENT; EYE POSITION; EYELID REFLEX; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LATENT PERIOD; MALE; MICROSACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; PERCEPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ROTATION; VISION; VISUAL ILLUSION;

ALGORITHMS; BLINKING; FEMALE; FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; ILLUSIONS; MALE; MOTION PERCEPTION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; PROBABILITY; REACTION TIME; ROC CURVE; ROTATION; SACCADES;

EID: 84860134234     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: 15292401     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5823-11.2012     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Alonso JM, Martinez LM (1998) Functional connectivity between simple cells and complex cells in cat striate cortex. Nat Neurosci 1:395-403.
2. Ashida H, Kuriki I, Murakami I, Kitaoka A (2010) fMRI adaptation to anomalous motion in the "Rotating Snakes" patterns. J Vis 10:827.
3. Backus BT, Oruç I (2005) Illusory motion from change over time in the response to contrast and luminance. J Vis 5:1055-1069.
4. Beer AL, Heckel AH, Greenlee MW (2008) A motion illusion reveals mechanisms of perceptual stabilization. PLoS One 3:e2741.
5. Betta E, Turatto M (2006) Are you ready? I can tell by looking at your microsaccades. Neuroreport 17:1001-1004.
6. Britten KH, Shadlen MN, Newsome WT, Movshon JA (1992) The analysis of visual motion: a comparison of neuronal and psychophysical performance. J Neurosci 12:4745-4765.
7. Conway BR, Kitaoka A, Yazdanbakhsh A, Pack CC, Livingstone MS (2005) Neural basis for a powerful static motion illusion. J Neurosci 25:5651-5656.
8. Einhäuser W, Stout J, Koch C, Carter O (2008) Pupil dilation reflects perceptual selection and predicts subsequent stability in perceptual rivalry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1704-1709.
9. Engbert R (2006) Microsaccades: A microcosm for research on oculomotor control, attention, and visual perception. Progress in brain research 154:177-192.
10. Engbert R, Kliegl R (2003) Microsaccades uncover the orientation of covert attention. Vision Res 43:1035-1045.
11. Faubert J, Herbert AM (1999) The peripheral drift illusion: a motion illusion in the visual periphery. Perception 28:617-621.
12. Feierstein CE, Quirk MC, Uchida N, Sosulski DL, Mainen ZF (2006) Representation of spatial goals in rat orbitofrontal cortex. Neuron 51:495-507.
13. Fermüller C, Ji H, Kitaoka A (2010) Illusory motion due to causal time filtering. Vision Res 50:315-329.
14. Fraser A, Wilcox KJ (1979) Perception of illusory movement. Nature 281:565-566.
15. Galfano G, Betta E, Turatto M (2004) Inhibition of return in microsaccades. Exp Brain Res 159:400-404.
16. Gawne TJ, Martin JM (2000) Activity of primate V1 cortical neurons during blinks. J Neurophysiol 84:2691-2694.
17. Gawne TJ, Martin JM (2002) Responses of primate visual cortical V4 neurons to simultaneously presented stimuli. J Neurophysiol 88:1128-1135.
18. Green DM, Swets JA (1966) Signal detection theory and psychophysics. Huntington, NY: Wiley.
19. Heeger DJ (1987) Model for the extraction of image flow. J Opt Soc Am A 4:1455-1471.
20. Hernández A, Zainos A, Romo R (2002) Temporal evolution of a decisionmaking process in medial premotor cortex. Neuron 33:959-972.
21. Hsieh PJ, Tse PU (2009) Microsaccade rate varies with subjective visibility during motion-induced blindness. PLoS One 4:e5163.
22. Kitaoka A (2005) Trick eyes graphics. Tokyo: Kanzen.
23. Kitaoka A (2006) Anomalous motion illusion and stereopsis. J Three Dimensional Images (Tokyo) 20:9-14.
24. Kitaoka A, Ashida H (2003) Phenomenal characteristics of the peripheral drift illusion. Vision 15:261-262.
25. Kuriki I, Ashida H, Murakami I, Kitaoka A (2008) Functional brain imaging of the "Rotating Snakes" illusion. J Vis 8:16.1-16.10.
26. Laubrock J, Engbert R, Kliegl R (2005) Microsaccade dynamics during covert attention. Vision Res 45:721-730.
27. Laubrock J, Engbert R, Kliegl R (2008) Fixational eye movements predict the perceived direction of ambiguous apparent motion. J Vis 8:13.1-13.17.
28. Martinez LM, Alonso JM (2001) Construction of complex receptive fields in cat primary visual cortex. Neuron 32:515-525.
29. Martinez-Conde S, Macknik SL (2010) The neuroscience of illusion. Scientific Am Special Editions 20:4-7.
30. Martinez-Conde S, Macknik SL, Hubel DH (2000) Microsaccadic eye movements and firing of single cells in the striate cortex of macaque monkeys. Nat Neurosci 3:251-258.
31. Martinez-Conde S, Macknik SL, Hubel DH (2002) The function of bursts of spikes during visual fixation in the awake primate lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:13920-13925.
32. Martinez-Conde S, Macknik SL, Troncoso XG, Dyar TA (2006) Microsaccades counteract visual fading during fixation. Neuron 49:297-305.
33. Martinez-Conde S, Macknik SL, Troncoso XG, Hubel DH (2009) Microsaccades: a neurophysiological analysis. Trends Neurosci 32:463-475.
34. McCamy MB, Otero-Millan J, Macknik SL, Yang Y, Troncoso XG, Baer SM, Crook SM, Martinez-Conde, Susana S (2011) The efficacy and contribution of microsaccades. Society for Neuroscience Meeting, Washington DC, November.
35. Møller F, Laursen ML, Tygesen J, Sjølie AK (2002) Binocular quantification and characterization of microsaccades. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 240:765-770.
36. Murakami I, Kitaoka A, Ashida H (2006) A positive correlation between fixation instability and the strength of illusory motion in a static display. Vision Res 46:2421-2431.
37. Otero-Millan J, Troncoso XG, Macknik SL, Serrano-Pedraza I, Martinez-Conde S (2008) Saccades and microsaccades during visual fixation, exploration and search: foundations for a common saccadic generator. J Vis 8:21.1-21.18.
38. Ramachandran VS, Rogers-Ramachandran D (2010) A moving experience: illusions that trick the brain. Scientific Am Mind. January/February:22-24.
39. Rolfs M, Laubrock J, Kliegl R (2006) Shortening and prolongation of saccade latencies following microsaccades. Exp Brain Res 169:369-376.
40. Romo R, Hernández A, Zainos A, Lemus L, Brody CD (2002) Neuronal correlates of decision-making in secondary somatosensory cortex. Nat Neurosci 5:1217-1225.
41. Romo R, Hernández A, Zainos A (2004) Neuronal correlates of a perceptual decision in ventral premotor cortex. Neuron 41:165-173.
42. Siegel S, Castellan NJ (1988) Nonparametric statistics for the social sciences, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
43. Spillmann L, Kurtenbach A (1992) Dynamic noise backgrounds facilitate target fading. Vision Res 32:1941-1946.
44. Tomimatsu E, Ito H, Seno T, Sunaga S (2010) The "rotating snakes" in smooth motion do not appear to rotate. Perception 39:721-724.
45. Troncoso XG, Macknik SL, Martinez-Conde S (2008a) Microsaccades counteract perceptual filling-in. J Vis 8:15.1-15.9.
46. Troncoso XG, Macknik SL, Otero-Millan J, Martinez-Conde S (2008b) Microsaccades drive illusory motion in the enigma illusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:16033-16038.
47. van Dam LC, van Ee R (2005) The role of (micro) saccades and blinks in perceptual bi-stability from slant rivalry. Vision research 45:2417-2435.
48. van Dam LC, van Ee R (2006a) Retinal image shifts, but not eye movements per se, cause alternations in awareness during binocular rivalry. J Vis 6:1172-1179.
49. van Dam LC, van Ee R (2006b) The role of saccades in exerting voluntary control in perceptual and binocular rivalry. Vision Res 46:787-799.