Raman classification of glass beads excavated on Mapungubwe hill and K2, two archaeological sites in South Africa

Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 532-542

  Tournié, Aurélie ^a,b   Prinsloo, Linda C ^a   Colomban, Philippe ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

^b SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

Africa; beads; Mapungubwe; Raman spectroscopy; trade

Indexed keywords

ARCHITECTURE; CHROMATES; CHROMOPHORES; GRANULAR MATERIALS;

AFRICA; ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE; BEAD; CLASSIFIEDS; GLASS BEAD; GLASS MATRICES; MAPUNGUBWE; RAMAN SIGNATURES; SOUTH AFRICA; TYPE II;

GLASS;

EID: 84860012687     PISSN: 03770486     EISSN: 10974555     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jrs.3069     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. L. Fouché, Mapungubwe: ancient Bantu civilization on the Limpopo, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1937, p1.
2. S. J. Saitowitz, Glass beads as indicators of contact and trade in southern Africa ca. AD 900-AD 1250, unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Cape Town: Cape Town, 1996.
3. S. J. Saitowitz, D. L. Reid, N. J. Van der Merwe, South African J. Sci. 1996, 92, 101.
4. G. A. Gardner, Mapungubwe, J. L. van Schaik, Pretoria, 1963, pp 1-25, 32-35 & 81-92.
5. C. C. Davison, Afr. Stud. 1973, 32, 247.
6. M. Wood, South-Africa Archaeological Society-Goodwin Series 2000, 8, 78.
7. H. C. Beck, The beads of the Mapungubwe District, in: Mapungubwe, (Ed:, L. Fouché,), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1937, pp. 104-113
8. C. Van Riet Lowe, The Glass Beads of Mapungubwe, Archaeological Series No. 9. Union of South Africa, Archaeological Survey: Pretoria, 1955.
9. W. G. N. Van der Sleen, Man 1956, 56, 27.
10. C. C. Davison, J. D. Clark, Azania 1974, 9, 75.
11. C. C. Davison, Three chemical groups of glass beads at the Greefswald sites, in Die kultuur van Greefswald, (Ed:, J. F. Eloff,) unpublished report for the Human Sciences Councils, vol. 2, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 1979, pp. 1-39.
12. J. C. Vogel, South-Africa Archaeological Society-Goodwin Series 2000, 8, 51.
13. P. Robertshaw, M. Wood, E. Melchiorre, R. S. Popelka-Filcoff, M. D. Glascock, J. Archaeol. Sci. 2010, 37, 1898.
14. M. Wood, Glass beads and Pre-European trade in the Shashe-Limpopo-region, Unpublished MsC Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand: Johannesburg, 2005.
15. P. Francis Jr., Asia's Maritime Bead Trade: 300 B.C. to the Present, University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 2002.
16. M. S. Tite, I. M. Freestone, R. Mason, J. Molera, M. Vendrell-Saz, N. Wood, Archaeometry 1998, 40, 241.
17. M. Pereira, T. de Lacerda-Aroso, M. J. M. Gomes, A. Mata, L. C. Alves, Ph. Colomban, J. Nano Research 2009, 8, 79.
18. K. Nassau, The physics and chemistry of color: the fifteen causes of color (2nd edn), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001.
19. Ph. Colomban, H. Schreiber, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2005, 36, 884.
20. Ph. Colomban, J. Nano Research 2009, 8, 109.
21. L. Burgio, R. J. H. Clark, Spectrochemica Acta Part A 2001, 57, 1491.
22. Ph. Colomban, J. Non-Crystall. Solids 2003, 323, 180.
23. Ph. Colomban, G. March, L. Mazerolles, T. Karmous, N. Ayed, A. Ennabli, H. Slim, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2003, 34, 205.
24. P. Ricciardi, Ph. Colomban, A. Tournié, M. Macchiarola, N. Ayed, J. Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36, 2551.
25. P. Ricciardi, Ph. Colomban, A. Tournié, V. Milande, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2009, 40, 604.
26. L. C. Prinsloo, N. Wood, M. Loubser, S. M. C. Verryn, S. Tiley, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2005, 36, 806.
27. L. C. Prinsloo, Ph. Colomban, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2008, 39, 79.
28. A. Tournié, L. Prinsloo, Ph. Colomban, Raman classification of the glass beads excavated on Mapungubwe hill and K2, Archaeological sites in South Africa, University of Pretoria Internal Report, HAL, 2010 (accessed July 2011).
29. T. Furukawa, K. E. Fox, W. B. White, J. Chem. Phys. 1981, 75, 3226.
30. P. McMillan, B. Piriou, J. Non-Crystall. Solids 1982, 53, 279.
31. Ph. Colomban, A. Tournié, L. Bellot-Gurlet, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2006, 37, 841.
32. A. Tournié, P. Ricciardi, Ph. Colomban, Solid State Ionics 2008, 179, 2142.
33. A. Tournié, Analyses Raman sur site de verres et vitraux anciens : modélisation, procedures, lixiviation et caractérisation, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Thesis: Paris, 2009 ().
34. Ph. Colomban, A. Tournié, J. Cultural Heritage 2007, 8, 242.
35. B. Kirmizi, Ph. Colomban, B. Quette, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2010, 41, 780.
36. B. Kirmizi, Ph. Colomban, M. Blanc, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2010, 41, 1240.
37. Ph. Colomban, M.-P. Etcheverry, M. Asquier, M. Bounichou, A. Tournié, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2006, 37, 614.
38. Ph. Colomban, Glasses, glazes and ceramics-Recognition of the ancient technology from the Raman spectroscopy, in Raman Spectroscopy in Archaeology and Art History, (Eds:, H. G. M. Edwards, J. M. Chalmers,), Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2005, p. 192.
39. T. Scanu, J. Guglielmi, Ph. Colomban, Solid State Ionics 1994, 70-71, 109.
40. S. K. Sharma, B. Simons, H. S. Yoder, Am. Mineral. 1983, 68, 1113.
41. W. L. Konijnendijk, J. H. J. M. Buster, J. Non-Crystall. Solids 1977, 23, 401.
42. M. Lenoir, A. Grandjean, S. Poissonnet, D. R. Neuville, J. Non-Crystall. Solids 2009, 355, 1468.
43. Ph. Colomban, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2003, 34, 420.
44. M. C. Caggiani, Ph. Colomban, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2011, 42, 790.
45. E. Picquenard, O. El Jaroudi, J. Corset, J. Raman Spectrosc. 1993, 24, 11.
46. Ph. Colomban, G. Fellinger, S. Makariou, to be published.
47. R. Ward, (Ed.), Gilded and enamelled glass from the Middle-East, British Museum Press, London, 1998.
48. Ph. Colomban, V. Milande, H. Lucas, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2004, 32, 68.
49. H. G. M. Edwards, Ph. Colomban, B. Bowden, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2004, 35, 656.
50. Ph. Colomban, G. Sagon, L. Q. Huy, N. Q. Liem, L. Mazerolles, Archaeometry 2004, 46, 125.
51. B. Gratuze, I. Soulier, J.-N. Barrandon, D. Foy, Revue d'Archéométrie 1992, 16, 97.
52. V. Gedzeviciûtë, N. Welter, U. Schüssler, C. Weiss, Achaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 2009, 1, 15.
53. J. L. Mass, R. E. Stone, M. T. Wypyski, The mineralogical and metallurgical origins of Roman opaque colored glasses, in The prehistory and history of glassmaking technology, (Eds:, W. D. Kingery, P. McGray,), Ceramics and Civilization VIII. Amer. Ceram. Soc., Westerville (Ohio), 1998, pp 121-144.
54. J. L. Mass, M. T. Wypyski, R. E. Stone, MRS. Bull 2001, 26, 38.
55. S. M. L. Sempowski, A. W. Nohe, J. F. Moreau, J. Radioanal. Nuclear Chem. 2000, 244, 559.
56. M. Verità, in Medieval mosaics: light, colour, materials, (Eds:, G.S.F. Borsook, E. Pagliarulo, G. Florence,), 2000.
57. L. C. Prinsloo, Ph. Colomban, A. Tournié, 4th International Conference on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology, Modena, 3-7 Sept. 2007.
58. Ph. Colomban, G. Sagon, X. Faurel, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2001, 32, 351.
59. I. M. Bell, R. J. H. Clark, P. J. Gibbs, Spectrochimica Acta Part A 1997, 53, 2159.
60. Ph. Colomban, G. Sagon, A. Louchi, H. Binous, N. Ayed, Revue d'Archéométrie 2001a, 25, 101.
61. Ph. Colomban, S. Cherifi, G. Dexpert, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2008, 39, 881.
62. L. C. Prinsloo, Ph. Colomban, A. Tournié, J. Archaeol. Sci. 2011, online.
63. H. Zhao, H. Cheng, Q. Li, F. Gan, Chin. Opt. Lett. 2011, 9 (3), 033001-1.
64. G. Simsek, Ph. Colomban, V. Milande, J. Raman Spectrosc. 2010, 41, 529.
65. V. Swamy, L.S. Dubrovinsky, M. Matsui, Phys. Chem. Mineral 1977, 24, 440.