"Sexting" among U.S. adolescents: Psychological and legal perspectives

Harvard Review of Psychiatry

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 86-96

  Judge, Abigail M ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

adolescent psychology; law; sexting; sexual behavior

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CONSULTATION; CRIMINAL LAW; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; EXHIBITIONISM; GENDER IDENTITY; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; MOBILE PHONE; PARENT COUNSELING; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOEDUCATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SEXTING; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; SEXUAL DEVIATION; SEXUAL FUNCTION; SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; SOCIAL PROBLEM; TEXT MESSAGING;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT; CELLULAR PHONE; EROTICA; HUMANS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; TEXT MESSAGING; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84860006845     PISSN: 10673229     EISSN: 14657309     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10673229.2012.677360     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Calvert C. Sex, cell phones, privacy and the First Amendment: when children become child pornographers and the Lolita effect undermines the law. CommLaw Conspectus 2009;18: 1-71.
2. Sutherland K. From jailbird to jailbait: age of consent laws and the construction of teenage sexualities.WilliamMary JWomen Law 2003;9:313-49.
3. Diamond LM, Savin-Williams RC. Adolescent sexuality. In: Lerner RM, Steinberg L, eds. Handbook of adolescent psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009.
4. Lenhart A, Ling R, Campbell S, Purcell K. Teens and mobile phones [Pew Research Center, 2010]. http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Teens-and-Mobile- Phones.aspx
5. Scott CL, Temporini H. Forensic issues and the Internet. In: Benedek E, Ash, P, Scott, CL, eds. Principles and practice of child and adolescent forensic mental health. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2010.
6. Pridgen P. Navigating the Internet safely: recommendations for residential programs targeting at-risk adolescents. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2010;18:131-8.
7. O'Keeffe GS, Clarke-Pearson K. Clinical reportthe impact of social media on children, adolescents and their families. Pediatrics 2011;127:800-4.
8. Katzman DK. Sexting: keeping teens safe and responsible in a technologically savvy world. Paediatr Child Health 2010;15:41-5.
9. Palfrey J, Gasser U. Born digital: understanding the first generation of digital natives. New York: Basic, 2008.
10. Jolicoeur M, Zedlewski E. Much ado about sexting [National Institute of Justice, 2010]. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/230795.pdf
11. National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Policy statement on sexting. 2009. http://www.missingkids.com/missingkids/servlet/NewsEventServlet? LanguageCountry=en US&PageId=4130.
12. Sacco DT, Argudin R, Maguire J, Tallon K. Sexting: youth practices and legal implications [The Berkman Center for Internet & Society, 2010]. http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/2010/Sexting Youth Practices Legal Implications
13. Wolak, J, Finkelhor, D. Sexting: a typology [Crimes Against Children Research Center, 2011]. http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/CV231 Sexting%20Typology%20Bulletin 4-6-11 revised.pdf
14. 18 U.S.C. $2256(8) (Supp. 2009).
15. 18 U.S.C. $2256(2)(B) (Supp. 2009).
16. Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 272 $29c (2000).
17. Mitchell KJ, Finkelhor D, Jones LM, Wolak J. Prevalence and characteristics of youth sexting: a national study. Pediatrics 2012;129:1-8.
18. Miller v. Mitchell, 598 F.3d 139 (3d Cir. 2010).
19. Raskauskas J, Stoltz AD. Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents. Dev Psychol 2007;43: 564-75.
20. National Campaign to Prevent Teen andUnplanned Pregnancy, CosmoGirl.com. Sex and tech: results of a survey of teens and young adults. 2008. http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/SEXTECH/PDF/SexTech Summary.pdf
21. Associated Press. "Sexting" shockingly common among teens. Feb 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-201 162-4723161.html
22. Joffe-Walt C. "Sexting": a disturbing new teen trend? National, Public Radio. Mar 2009. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId= 101735230
23. Bialik C. Which is epidemicsexting or worrying about it? Cyberpolls, relying on skewed samples of technoteens, aren't always worth the paper they're not printed on. Wall Street J 2009;8 Apr. http://online.wsj.com/article/ SB123913888769898347.html
24. Lenhart A. Teens and sexting: how and why minor teens are sending sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images via text messaging [Pew Research Center, 2009]. http:www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2009/Teens-and-Sexting. aspx
25. Greenfield PM. Developmental considerations for determining appropriate Internet use guidelines for children and adolescents. J Appl Dev Psychol 2004;25:751-62. (Pubitemid 40012020)
26. DiCataldo FC. The perversion of youth: controversies in the assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
27. Graw Leary M. Sexting or self-produced child pornography? The dialogue continues: structured prosecutorial discretion within a multidisciplinary response. Va J Soc Policy Law 2010;17:1-76.
28. Bancroft J. Normal sexual development. In: Barbaree HE, WL Marshall, eds. The juvenile sex offender. New York: Guilford, 2006.
29. Turkle S. Tethering. In: CA Jones, ed. Sensorium: embodied experience, technology and contemporary art. Cambridge:MIT, 2006.
30. Turkle S. Always-on/always-on-you: the tethered self. In: JE, Katz, ed. Handbook of mobile communication studies. Cambridge: MIT, 2008.
31. Casey BJ, Jones RM, Hare TA. The adolescent brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008;1124:111-26. (Pubitemid 351506787)
32. Giedd JN. The teen brain: insights from neuroimaging. J Adolesc Health 2008;42:335-43. (Pubitemid 351381455)
33. Zurbriggen EL, Collins RL, Lamb S, et al. Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. 2007. http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report.aspx
34. Miller PY, Simon W. The development of sexuality in adolescence. In: Adelson, J, ed. Handbook of adolescent psychology. New York: Wiley, 1980.
35. Frederickson BL, Roberts TA. Objectification theory: toward understanding women's lived experience and mental health risks. Psychol Women Q 1997;21:173-206.
36. McKinley NM, Hyde JS. The objectified body consciousness scale. Psychol Women Q 1996;20:181-215.
37. Slater A, Tiggemann M. A test of objectification theory in adolescent girls. Sex Roles 2002;46:343-9. (Pubitemid 39587671)
38. Fredrickson BL, Roberts T, Noll SM, Quinn DM, Twenge JM. That swimsuit becomes you: sex differences in selfobjectification, restrained eating, and math performance. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 1998;75:269-84. (Pubitemid 128452436)
39. Gapinski KD, Brownell KD, LaFrance M. Body objectification and "fat talk": effects on emotion, motivation, and cognitive performance. Sex Roles 2003;48:377-88.
40. Hebl MR, King EG, Lin J. The swimsuit becomes us all: ethnicity, gender, and vulnerability to self-objectification. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2004;30:1322-31. (Pubitemid 39305652)
41. Impett EA, Schooler D, Tolman DL. To be seen and not heard: femininity ideology and adolescent girls' sexual health. Arch Sex Behav 2006;21:628-46.
42. Tolman DL. Dilemmas of desire: teenage girls talk about sexuality. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.
43. Richards RD, Calvert, C. When sex and cell phones collide: inside the prosecution of a teen sexting case. Hastings Commun Entertainment Law J 2009;32:1-31.
44. Feyerick D, Steffen S. "Sexting" lands teen on sex offender list. CNN. 7 Apr 2009. http://articles.cnn.com/2009-04-07/justice/sexting.busts 1 phillip-alpert-offender-list-offender-registry? s =PM:CRIMEProjects
45. Prieto B. "Sexting" teenagers face child porn changes. Orlando, Sentinel 2009;8 Mar. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2009- 03-08/news/orl-asec-sexting-030809 1 sexting-face-child-porncharges- nude-photos
46. Weins WJ, Hiestand, TC. Sexting, statutes and save by the bell: introducing a lesser change with an "aggravating factors" framework. Tennessee Law Rev 2009;77:1-65.
47. Wood RH. The failure of sexting criminalization: a plea for the exercise of prosecutorial restraint. Mich Telecommunications Technol Law Rev 2009;16:1-35.
48. New York v. Ferber, 458 U.S. 747, 765 n.18 (1982).
49. Kranz C. Nude photo led to suicide family wants to educate teens about dangers of sexting. Cincinnati Enquirer 2009;22 Mar.
50. Watson B, Lefever SR. Understanding the impact of pornography on adults and children. In: Cooper SW, Estes RJ, Giardino AP, Kellogg ND, Vieth VI, eds.Medical, legal and social science aspects of child sexual exploitation: a comprehensive review of pornography, prostitution and Internet crimes. St. Louis: GW Medical, 2005.
51. Document: victim impact statement of girl in Misty Series. Virginian Pilot 2009;25 Oct. http://hamptonroads.com/2009/10/document-victim-impact- statement-girl-misty-series
52. Smith SF. Jail for juvenile pornographers? A reply to Professor Leary. Va J Soc Policy Law 2008;15:505, 544.
53. Wood RH. The First Amendment implications of sexting at public schools a quandary for administrators who intercept visual love notes. J Law Policy 2010;18;1-34.
54. Hoffman J. A girl's nude photo, and altered lives. N Y Times 2011;26 Mar.
55. Subrahmanyam K, Smahel, D. Digital youth: the role of media in development. New York: Springer, 2011.
56. Hinduja S, Patchin JW. Bullying, cyberbullying and suicide. Arch Suicide Res 2010;14:206-21.
57. Wolak J, Finkelhor D, Mitchell KJ, Ybarra M. Online "predators" and their victims: myths, realities, and implications for prevention and treatment. Am Psychol 2008;63:111-28.
58. Mitchell KJ, Finkelhor D,Wolak J. Youth Internet users at risk for the most serious online sexual solicitations. Am J Prev Med 2007;32:523-7.
59. Chein J, Albert D, O'Brien L, Uckart K, Steinberg L. Peers increase adolescent risk taking by enhancing activity in the brain's reward circuitry. Dev Sci 2011;14:F1-10.
60. Fasula AM, Miller, KS. African American and Hispanic adolescents' intentions to delay first intercourse: parental communication as a buffer for sexually active peers. J Adolesc Health 2006;38:193-200. (Pubitemid 43247508)
61. Akers AY, Holland CL, Bost J. Interventions to improve parental communication about sex: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2011;127:494-510.
62. Cook CR, Williams KR, Guerra NO, Kim TE, Sadek S. Predictors of bullying and victimization in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic investigation. Sch Psychol Q 2011;25: 65-83.
63. Lindberg LD, Jones R, Santelli JS. Noncoital sexual activities among adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2008;43: 231-8.
64. Halpern-Felsher BL, Cornell JL, Kropp RY, Tschann JM. Oral versus vaginal sex among adolescents: perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. Pediatrics 2005;115:845-51.