Cataclastic production of volcanic ash at Mount Saint Helens

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Volumn 45-46, Issue , 2012, Pages 40-49

  Kennedy, Lori A ^a   Russell, James K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Ash; Cataclasis; Gouge; Lava dome; Seismicity

Indexed keywords

ASCENT RATE; CATACLASIS; COEFFICIENT OF FRICTIONS; CONFINING PRESSURES; ELASTIC ENERGY; EXPLOSIVE EVENTS; FAULT GOUGE; FAULT SURFACES; FRICTIONAL SLIDING; GOUGE; GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION; GRAIN-SIZE REDUCTION; LAVA-DOME; LOCALIZED FAULT; LOW POROSITY; LOW TEMPERATURES; MICROSEISMICITY; ROCK DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; SHEAR FRACTURE; STRESS DROP; VOLCANIC ASH;

ASHES; DOMES; DROPS; EXPERIMENTS; EXTRUSION; FRICTION; GRAIN SIZE AND SHAPE; GRINDING (COMMINUTION); ROCK PRESSURE; SHEAR STRAIN; STRAIN HARDENING; STRESS ANALYSIS; VOLCANIC ROCKS; VOLCANOES;

FRACTURE;

CATACLASITE; CONFINING PRESSURE; DACITE; DEFORMATION; FAULT GOUGE; LAVA DOME; SEISMICITY; VOLCANIC ASH; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

CASCADE RANGE; MOUNT SAINT HELENS; UNITED STATES; WASHINGTON [UNITED STATES];

EID: 84859993257     PISSN: 14747065     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2011.07.052     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Austin, N.J. Kennedy, L.A, Logan, J.M., Rodway, R., 2005. Textural controls on the brittle deformation of dolomite: the transition from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow. In: Gapais, D. Brun, J.P. and Cobbold, P.R. (Eds.), Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics: From Minerals to the Lithosphere, vol. 243. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, pp. 51-66.
2. Baud P., Zhu W., Wong T. Failure mode and weakening effect of water on sandstone. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105(B7). 10.1029/2000JB900087.
3. Bonadonna, C., Macedonio, G., Sparks, R.S.J. 2002. Numerical modelling of tephra fallout associated with dome collapses and Vulcanian explosions: application to hazard assessment on Montserrat. In: Druitt, T.H., Kokelaar, B.P. (Eds.), The eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, from 1995 to 1999. Geological Society, London, Memoir, pp. 517-537.
4. Brace W.F., Byerlee J.D. California earthquakes: why only shallow focus?. Science 1970, 168:1573-1575.
5. Cas R.A.F., Wright J.V. Volcanic Successions 1987, Chapman and Hall.
6. Cashman, K.V. Thornber, C.R., Pallister, J.S, 2008. From dome to dust: shallow crystallization and fragmentation of conduit magma during 2004-2006 dome extrusion of Mount Saint Helen's Washington (Chapter 19). In: Sherrod, D.R., Scott, W.E., Stauffer, P.H. (Eds.), A Volcano Rekindled: The Renewed Eruption of Mount Saint Helen's 2004-2006. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750.
7. Cashman K.V., Blundy J. Degassing and crystallization of ascending andesite and dacite. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 2000, 358:1487-1513.
8. Chester F.M., Logan J.M. Implications for the mechanical properties of brittle faults from observations of the Punchbowl fault zone, California. Pure Appl. Geophys. 1986, 124:79-106.
9. Dieterich J.H. Modeling of rock friction I - experimental results and constitutive equations. J. Geophys. Res. 1979, 84(B5):2161-2168.
10. Dingwell D.B., Webb S.L. Structural relaxation in silicate melts and non-Newtonian melt rheology in geological processes. Phys. Chem. Miner. 1989, 16:508-516.
11. Dingwell D.B., Webb S.L. Relaxation in silicate melts. Eur. J. Mineral. 1990, 2:427-449.
12. Durant A.J., Bonadonna C., Horwell C.J. Atmospheric and environmental impacts of volcanic particulates. Elements 2010, 6:235-240.
13. Dzurisin D., Vallence J.W., Gerlach T.M., Moran S.C., Malone S.D. Mount St. Helen's reawakens. EOS Trans. AGU 2005, 86(3):25-29.
14. Heiken G.H. Morphology and petrology of volcanic ashes. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1972, 83:1961-1988.
15. International Civil Aviation Organization [ICAO], 2007, Manual on volcanic ash, radioactive material and toxic chemical clouds, 2nd ed. International Civil Aviation Organization Doc 9691-AN/954, variously paged. <> (accessed 25.06.10). http://www2.icao.int/en/anb/met-aim/met/iavwopsg/Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx.
16. Iverson, R.M., Dzurisin, D., Gardner, C.A., Gerlach, T.M., La Husen, R.G., Lisowski, M., Major, J.J., Malone, S.D., Messerich, J.A. Moran, S.C, Pallister, J.S., Qamar, A.I., Schiling, S.P., Vallance. J.W., 2006. Dynamics of seismogenic volcanic extrusion at Mount St. Helens in 2004-2005. Nature 444. doi:10.1038.
17. Kendall K. The impossibility of comminuting small particles by compression. Nature 1978, 272:710-711.
18. Kennedy, L.A., Russell, J.K., 2010. Volcanic Ash Production through Brittle Cataclasis during Dome Emplacement. European Geophysical Union: Vienna, May, 2010.
19. Kennedy L.A., Russell J.K., Nelles E. Origins of Mt. St. Helens Cataclasites: insights from experiments. Am. Miner. 2009, 94:995-1004.
20. Keulen N., Heilbronner R., Stunitz H., Boulier A.M., Ito H. Grain size distributions of fault rocks: a comparison between experimentally and naturally deformed granitoids. J. Struct. Geol. 2007, 29:1282-1300.
21. Lorentz V. Phreatomagmatism and its relevance. Chem. Geol. 1987, 62:149-156.
22. Marone C. Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 1998, 26:643-696.
23. Marone C., Scholtz C. Particle size distribution and microstructure within simulated gouge. J. Struct. Geol. 1989, 11:700-814.
24. Michol K., Russell J.K., Andrews G.D.M. Welded block and ash flow deposits from Mount Meager, British Columbia, Canada. J. Volcanol. Geothermal. Res. 2008, 169:121-144. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.08.010.
25. Miller T.P., Casadevall T.J. Volcanic ash hazards to aviation. Encyclopedia of Volcanos 2000, Academy Press, San Diego. H. Sigurdsson (Ed.).
26. Moore, P.L., Iverson, N.R., and Iverson, R.M., 2008. Frictional properties of Mount Saint Helen's gouge. In: Sherrod, D.R., Scott, W.E., Stauffer, P.H. (Eds.), A Volcano Rekindled: The Renewed Eruption of Mount Saint Helen's 2004-2006. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750.
27. Moran, S.C., Malone, S.D., amar, A.I., Thelen, W.A., Wright, A.K., Caplan-Auerbach, J., 2008. Seismicity associated with renewed dome building at Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005. In: Sherrod, D.R., Scott, W.E., Stauffer, P.H. (Eds.), A Volcano Rekindled: The Renewed Eruption of Mount Saint Helen's 2004-2006. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750, pp. 27-60.
28. Nakada S., Motomura Y., Shimizu H. Manner of magma ascent at Unzen volcano (Japan). Geophys. Res. Lett. 1995, 22:567-570.
29. Pallister, J.S., Thornber, C.R., Cashman, K.V., Clynne, M.A., Lowers, H.A, Mandeville, C.W., Brownfield, I.K., Meeker, G.P., 2008. Petrology of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens lava dome - implications for magmatic plumbing and eruption triggering. In: Sherrod, D.R., Scott, W.E., Stauffer, P.H. (Eds.), A Volcano Rekindled: The Renewed Eruption of Mount Saint Helen's 2004-2006. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750, pp. 647-702.
30. Przedpelski, J.J., Casadevall, T.J., 1994. Impact of volcanic ash from 15 December 1989 redoubt volcano eruption on GE CF6-80C2 turbofan engines. In: Volcanic Ash and Aircraft Safety. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2047, pp. 129-136.
31. Robert G., Russell J.K., Giordano D. Rheology of porous volcanic materials: high-temperature experimentation under controlled water pressure. Chem. Geol. 2008, 256:216-230.
32. Robertson R., Cole P., Sparks R.S.J., Harford C., Lejeune A.M., McGuire W.J., Miller A.D., Murphy M.D., Norton G., Stevens N.F., Youn S.R. The explosive eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies, 17 December, 1996. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25:3429-3432.
33. Rowe, M.C., Thornber, C.R., Kent, A.J.R., 2008. Identification and evolution of the juvenile component in 2004-2005 Mount St. Helens ash. In: Sherrod, D.R., Scott, W.E., Stauffer, P.H. (Eds.), A Volcano Rekindled: The Renewed Eruption of Mount Saint Helen's 2004-2006. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750, pp. 629-246.
34. Sammis C.G., King G.C.P., Biegel R. The kinematics of gouge formation. Pure Appl. Geophys. 1987, 125:777-812.
35. Scholz C.H. Mechanisms of Earthquakes and Faulting 2002, Cambridge University, New York.
36. Scott, W.E, Sherrod, D.R., Gardner, C.A., 2008. Overview of the 2004-2006 and continuing eruption of Mount Saint Helen's Washington. In: Sherrod, D.R., Scott, W.E., Stauffer, P.H. (Eds.), A Volcano Rekindled: The Renewed Eruption of Mount Saint Helen's 2004-2006. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750.
37. Sparks R.S.J., Murphy M.D., Lejeune A.M., Watts R.B., Barclay J., Young S.R. Control on the emplacement of the andesitic lava dome of the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat by degassing-induced crystallization. Terra Nova 2000, 12:14-20.
38. Turcotte D.L. Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics 1992, University Press, Cambridge.
39. Watts, R.B., Herd, R.A. Sparks, R.S.J., Young, S.R. 2002. Growth patterns and emplacement of the andesitic lava dome at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat. In: Druitt, T.H., Kokelaar, B.P. (Eds.), The Eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 1995-1999. Geol. Soc. London Mem. 21, 115-152.
40. Zimanowski, B., Büttner, R., 2003. Phreatomagmatic explosions in subaqueous eruptions. In: White, J.D.L., Smellie, J.L., Clague, D. (Eds.), Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism. AGU Monograph 140.