Greywater treatment using GAC biofilm reactor and sand filter system

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 283-292

  Al Mughalles, Mohammed Hasan ^a   Rahman, Rakmi Abdul ^a   Suja, Fatihah Binti ^a   Mahmud, Mastura ^a   Abdullah, Sharifah Mastura Syed ^a  

^a UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

GAC biofilm; Grey water; Sand filter

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859807494     PISSN: 19918178     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Australian-Capital-Territory, 2004. Grey water Use: Guidelines for residential properties in Canberra. Australian Capital Territory. Australia Canberra.
2. Berkeley, R.C.W., J.M. Lynch, J. Melling, P.R. Rutter, B. Vincent, 1980. Microbial adhesion to surfaces. Microbial adhesion to surfaces.
3. Campos, L.C., M.F.J. Su, N.J.D. Graham, S.R. Smith, 2002. Biomass development in slow sand filters. Water Research, 36(18): 4543-4551.
4. Canadian-Guidelines, 2007. Canadian Guidelines for household reclaimed water for use in toilet and urinal flushing. Draft for consultation http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh semt/alt_formats/hecssesc/pdf/consult/_2007/reclaim-recycle/reclaim-recycle-eng.pdf (Accessed 20 July 2009).
5. Carvalho, M.C., I.V. Vasconcelos, A.B. Bull, P.C. Castro, 2001. A GAC biofilm reactor for the continuous degradation of 4-chlorophenol: treatment efficiency and microbial analysis. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 57(3): 419-426.
6. Characklis, W.G., 1973. Attached microbial growths--II. Frictional resistance due to microbial slimes. Water Research, 7(9): 1249-1258.
7. Christensen, B.E., W.G. Characklis, 1990. Physical and chemical properties of biofilms. Biofilms: 93-130.
8. Christova-Boal, D., R.E. Eden, S. McFarlane, 1996. An investigation into grey water reuse for urban residential properties. Desalination 106(1-3): 391-397.
9. de Souza, S., G.U. Ma, H.L. Brando, A.A. Ulson de Souza, 2008. Modeling of liquid pollutant biodegradation process in a fluidized bed reactor with biofilm. Separation and Purification Technology, 60(2): 162-173.
10. Decreto-2-maggio, 2006. Norme techniche per il riutilizzo delle acque reflue. Italy: Ministero dell'ambiante della tutela del territorio.
11. Dixon, A., D. Butler, A. Fewkes, M. Robinson, 2000. Measurement and modelling of quality changes in stored untreated grey water. Urban Water, 1(4): 293-306.
12. Eriksson, E., K. Auffarth, M. Henze, A. Ledin, 2002. Characteristics of grey wastewater. Urban Water, 4(1): 85-104.
13. Erwin, N., 2000. Grey water reuse systems for toilet flushing in multi-storey buildings-over ten years experience in Berlin. Urban Water, 1(4): 275-284.
14. Gourdon, R., C. Comel, P. Vermande, J. Veron, 1989. Fractionation of the organic matter of a landfill leachate before and after aerobic or anaerobic biological treatment. Water Research, 23(2): 167-173.
15. Graham, N.J.D., 1988. Slow Sand Filtration Recent Development in Water Treatment Technology. Ellis Horwood Limited, London England.
16. Gilvez, A., L. Giusti, M. Zamorano, A.F. Ramos-Ridao, 2009. Stability and efficiency of biofilms for landfill leachate treatment. Bioresource technology, 100(20): 4895-4898.
17. Hamilton, A.J., F. Stagnitti, S.C. Kumarage, R.R. Premier, 2007. RIRA: A tool for conducting health risk assessments for irrigation of edible crops with recycled water. Computers and electronics in agriculture, 57(1): 80-87.
18. Hawkes, H.A., 1963. The Ecology of Waste Water Treatment. The Ecology of Waste Water Treatment.
19. Horan, N.J., H. Gohar, B. Hill, 1997. Application of a granular activated carbon--biological fluidised bed for the treatment of landfill leachates containing high concentrations of ammonia. Water science and technology, 36(2-3): 369-375.
20. Imai, A., K. Onuma, Y. Inamori, R. Sudo, 1998. Effects of pre-ozonation in refractory leachate treatment by the biological activated carbon fluidized bed process. Environmental technology, 19(2): 213-221.
21. Jefferson, B., A. Laine, S. Parsons, T. Stephenson, S. Judd, 2000. Technologies for domestic wastewater recycling. Urban Water, 1(4): 285-292.
22. Jeppesen, B., 1996. Domestic grey water re-use: Australia's challenge for the future. Desalination, 106(1-3): 311-315.
23. Jeppesen, B., D. Solley, C. Melbourne Water, 1994. Urban Water Research Association of A. 1994. Domestic grey water reuse: overseas practice and its applicability to Australia: Published for the Urban Water Research Association of Australia by the Melbourne Water Corporation.
24. Kennedy, K.J., E.M. Lentz, 2000. Treatment of landfill leachate using sequencing batch and continuous flow upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Water Research, 34(14): 3640-3656.
25. Kettunen, R.H., T.H. Hoilijoki, J.A. Rintala, 1996. Anaerobic and sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatments of municipal landfill leachate at low temperatures. Bioresource technology, 58(1): 31-40.
26. Kettunen, R.H., J.A. Rintala, 1995. Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment of sulphur rich phenolic leachates. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 62(2): 177-184.
27. Kettunen, R.H., J.A. Rintala, 1998. Performance of an on-site UASB reactor treating leachate at low temperature. Water Research, 32(3): 537-546.
28. Kim, S.H., T.W. Kim, D.L. Cho, D.H. Lee, J.C. Kim, H. Moon, 2002. Application of characterization procedure in water and wastewater treatment by adsorption. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 19(5): 895-902.
29. Kim, S.H., H.H. Ngo, D. Chaudhary, J.C. Kim, S. Vigneswaran, H. Moon, 2002. Characterization procedure for adsorption of DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) from synthetic wastewater. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 19(5): 888-894.
30. Kim, T.Y., S.J. Kim, S.Y. Cho, 2001. Effect of pH on Adsorption of 2, 4-Dinitrophenol onto an Activated Carbon. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 18(5): 755-760.
31. Le Tallec, X., S. Zeghal, A. Vidal, A. Lesouëf, 1997. Effect of influent quality variability on biofilter operation. Water Science and Technology, 36(1): 111-117.
32. Martienssen, M., R. Schulze, J. Simon, 1995. Capacities and limits of three different technologies for the biological treatment of leachate from solid waste landfill sites. Acta biotechnologica, 15(3): 269-276.
33. Ong, S.L., Y. Liu, L.Y. Lee, J.Y. Hu, W.J. Ng, 2004. A novel high capacity biofilm reactor system for treatment of domestic sewage. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 157(1): 245-256.
34. Park, J.J., I.G. Byun, S.R. Park, T.J. Park, 2008. Nitrifying bacterial communities and its activities in aerobic biofilm reactors under different temperature conditions. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25(6): 1448-1455.
35. Peters, R.W., V.L. Foley, 1983. Fixed-Film wastewater treatment systems: their history and development as in uenced by medical, economic, and engineering factors. Smith (eds) Fixed-Film Biological Processes for Wastewater Treatment: 1-44.
36. Prathapar, S.A., M. Ahmed, S. Al-Adawi, S. Al-Sidairi, 2004. Variation in quality and quantity of grey water produced at two mosques in Oman. International Wastewater Conference. Salalah, Oman.
37. Rasid, R.A., R.A. Rahman, 2009. Biofilm and multimedia filtration for rainwater treatment. Journal of sustainable development, 2(1): 196.
38. Real-decreto-1620, 2007. de 7 de deciembre por el que se establece el regimen juridico de la reutilisacion de las aguas depuradas. Spain.
39. Rodgers, M., D. de Paor, E. Clifford, 2008. Dairy washwater treatment using a horizontal flow biofilm system. Journal of environmental management, 86(1): 114-120.
40. Rose, J.B., G.S. Sun, C.P. Gerba, N.A. Sinclair, 1991. Microbial quality and persistence of enteric pathogens in graywater from various household sources. Water Research, 25(1): 37-42.
41. Suidan, M.T., A.T. Schroeder, R. Nath, E.R. Krishnan, R.C. Brenner, 1993. Treatment of cercla (Comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act) leachates by carbon-assisted anaerobic fluidized beds: Cincinnati Univ., OH (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
42. Tien, C., 1994. Adsorption calculations and modeling: Butterworth-Heinemann Washington, DC.
43. US-EPA, 2004. Guidelines for Water reuse. EPA/625/R-04/108. US. Washington DC: Agency for International Development.
44. Weber, J.W., M. Pirbazari, G. Melson, 1978. Biological growth on activated carbon: an investigation by scanning electron microscopy. Environmental Science & Technology, 12(7): 817-819.
45. Welander, U., T. Henrysson, T. Welander, 1997. Nitrification of landfill leachate using suspended-carrier biofilm technology. Water Research, 31(9): 2351-2355.
46. Wotton, R.S., 2002. Water purification using sand. Hydrobiologia, 469(1): 193-201.