Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography as an efficient and sensitive technique for the simultaneous determination of alprazolam, oxazepam, and diazepam in human urine samples

Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies

Volumn 35, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 988-999

  Vardini, Mohammad Taghi ^a   Mashayekhi, Hossein Ali ^b   Saber Tehrani, Mohammad ^c  

^a ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^b ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^c ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

Author keywords

Alprazolam; Diazepam; Dispersive liquid liquid microextraction; High performance liquid chromatography; Human urine; Oxazepam

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; DIAZEPAM; DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION; HUMAN URINE; OXAZEPAM;

BODY FLUIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DICHLOROMETHANE; ETHANOL; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIC STRENGTH; LIQUIDS; ORGANIC SOLVENTS; SOLVENTS;

SOLVENT EXTRACTION;

ALCOHOL; ALPRAZOLAM; DIAZEPAM; DICHLOROMETHANE; OXAZEPAM; SOLVENT;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG DETERMINATION; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; IONIC STRENGTH; LIMIT OF DETECTION; LIQUID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; URINALYSIS;

EID: 84859792166     PISSN: 10826076     EISSN: 1520572X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.637277     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Benzodiazepines. A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References, Icon Group International, Inc.: San Diego, 2004.
2. Roy-Bryne, P. P.; Cowley, D. S. Benzodiazepines in Clinical Practice: Risks and Benefits (Clinical Practice, No. 17), Book News, Inc.: Portland, 1991.
3. Pla-Delfina, J. M.; Del Pozo, A. Manual de Iniciacion a la Biofarmacia, Farmacocinetica Aplicada; Universidad de Barcelona, Departamento de Farmacia Galeni Ca: Barcelona, Spain, 1974.
4. Florez, J.; Armijo, J. A.; Mediavilla, A. Farmacologia Humana, 4th ed.; Masson: Barcelona, Spain, 2004.
5. Matthew, R.; Pincus, M. D.; Naif, Z. A. Toxicologia Monitorization de Medicamentons. In Diagnostico Tratamiento Clinicos por e1 Laboratories, 9th ed.; Henry, J. B., Ed.; Masson-Salvat Medium: Barcelona, Spain, 1993.
6. McClean, S.; Okane, E.; Hillis, J.; Smyth, W. F. Determination of 1,4-benzodiazepines and Their Metabolites by Capillary Electrophoresis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Ultraviolet and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1999, 838, 273-291. (Pubitemid 29164484)
7. Dolesjsove, J.; Solich, P.; Polydorou, C. H. K.; Koupparis, M. A.; Efstathiou, C. E. Flow-Injection Fluorimetric Determination of 1,4-benzodiazepines in Pharmaceutical Formulations After Acid Hydrolysis. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 1999, 20, 357-362. (Pubitemid 29206617)
8. Capella-Peiro, M. E.; Bose, D.; Martinavarro-Dominguez, A.; Gil-Agusti, M.; Esteve-Romero, J. Direct Injection Micellar Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Benzodiazepines in Serum. J. Chromatogr. B 2002, 780, 241-249. (Pubitemid 35223559)
9. Abu-Qare, A. W.; Abou-Donia, M. B. Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Diazepam, Pyridostigmine Bromide, and Their Metabolites in Rat Plasma and Urine. J. Chromatogr. B 2001, 754, 503-509. (Pubitemid 32261046)
10. Mullet, W. M.; Pawliszyn, J. Direct LC Analysis of Five Benzodiazepines in Human Urine and Plasma Using ADS Restricted Access Extraction Column. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2001, 26, 899-908. (Pubitemid 32971702)
11. Moore, K. A.; Werner, C.; Zannell, R. M.; Levine, B.; Smith, M. Screening Postmortem Blood and Tissues for Nine Cases of Drugs of Abuse Using Automated Microplate Immunoassay. Forensic Sci. Int. 1999, 106, 93-102.
12. Fraser, A. D.; Zamecnik, J.; Keravel, J.; McGrath, L.; Wells. Experience with Urine Drug Testing by the Correctional Service of Canada. J. Forensic Sci. Int. 2001, 121, 16-22.
13. Kaferstein, H.; Sticht, G. Comparison of Nonradioactive Microliter Plate Enzyme Immunoassays for the Sensitive Detection of Fentanyl. Forensic Sci. Int. 2000, 113, 353-357. (Pubitemid 30649758)
14. Fraser, A. D.; Inser, A. F.; Bryan, W. Urinary Screening for Alprazolam and Its Major Metabolites by Abbott Adx and TDx Analyzers with Confirmation by GC/MS. J. Anal. Toxical. 1991, 15, 25-29.
15. Bertucci, C.; Bartolini, M.; Gotti, R.; Andrisano, V. Drug Affinity to Immobilized Target Bio-Polymers by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. B 2003, 797, 111-129. (Pubitemid 37421303)
16. Bugey, A.; Staub, C. Rapid Analysis of Benzodiazepines in Whole Blood by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Use of a Monolithic Column. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2004, 35, 555-562. (Pubitemid 38609375)
17. Mullet, W. M.; Levsen, K.; Lubda, D.; Pawliszyn, J. Bio-Compatible In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Capillary for the Direct Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Drugs in Human Serum. J. Chromatogr. A 2002, 963, 325-334. (Pubitemid 34722825)
18. Correia dos Santos, M. M.; Famila, V.; Simoes Goncalves, M. L. Copper-Psychoactive Drug Complexes: A Voltammetric Approach to Complexation by 1,4-benzodiazepines. Anal. Biochem. 2002, 303, 111-119.
19. Arenaza, M. J.; Gallo, B.; Berrueta, L. A.; Vicente, F. Electro-oxidation and Determination of the 1,4-benzodiazepine Loprazolam at the Carbon-Past Electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta 1995, 305, 91-95.
20. Rezaee, M.; Assadi, Y.; Milani Hosseini, M. R.; Aghaee, E.; Ahmadi, F.; Berijani, S. Determination of Organic Compounds in Water Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction. J. Chromatogr. A 2006, 1116, 1-9.
21. Lopez, M. G.; Rodriguez, I.; Cela, R. Development of a Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method for Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plastizicers Determination in Water Samples. J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1166, 9-15. (Pubitemid 47361163)
22. Shamsipur, M.; Ramezani, M. Selective Determination of Ultra Trace Amounts of Gold by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction. Talanta 2008, 75, 294-300.
23. Farina, L.; Boido, E.; Carrau, F.; Dellacassa, E. Determination of Volatile Phenols in Red Wines by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection. J. Chromatogr A 2007, 1157, 46-50. (Pubitemid 46963309)
24. Rezaee, M.; Yamini, Y.; Faraji, M. Evolution of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction. J. Chromatogr. A 2010, 1217, 2342-2357.
25. Rezaee, M.; Yamini, Y.; Shariati, S.; Esrafili, A.; Shamsipur, M. Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-UV Detection as a Very Simple, Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Determination of Bisphenol A in Water Samples. J. Chromatogr A 2009, 1216, 1511-1514.
26. Mashayekhi, H. A.; Abroomand-Azar, P.; Saber-Tehrani, M.; Waqif, S. H. Rapid Determination of Carbamazepine in Human Urine, Plasma Samples and Water Using DLLME Followed by RP-LC. Chromatographia 2010, 71, 517-521.
27. Rezaee, M.; Yamini, Y.; Mashayekhi, H. A.; Naeeni, M. H.; Bashiri Jubari, M. Trace Analysis of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether in Water Samples Using New Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 2011, 58, 332-339.
28. Mashayekhi, H. A.; Abroomand-Azar, P.; Saber-Tehrani, M.; Waqif, S. H. Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Biphenyl and Biphenyl Oxide in Water Samples Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2011, 91, 516-524.