Early pain after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. A qualitative systematic review

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica

Volumn 56, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 549-557

  Tolver, M A ^a   Rosenberg, J ^a   Bisgaard, T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL PAIN; DATA BASE; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; GROUPS BY AGE; HERNIOPLASTY; HUMAN; INGUINAL HERNIA; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SHOULDER PAIN; SUPERFICIAL PAIN; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TOTAL EXTRAPERITONEAL REPAIR; TRANSABDOMINAL PREPERITONEAL REPAIR; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ACUTE PAIN; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; CHRONIC PAIN; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; FORECASTING; GROIN; HERNIA, INGUINAL; HOT TEMPERATURE; HUMANS; LAPAROSCOPY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RECURRENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEX FACTORS; SHOULDER PAIN; VISCERAL PAIN;

EID: 84859746669     PISSN: 00015172     EISSN: 13996576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02633.x     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. Rosenberg J, Bay-Nielsen M,. Current status of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in Denmark. Hernia 2008; 12: 583-587.
2. Bittner R, Schmedt CG, Schwarz J, Kraft K, Leibl BJ,. Laparoscopic transperitoneal procedure for routine repair of groin hernia. Br J Surg 2002; 89: 1062-1066.
3. Faure JP, Doucet C, Rigouard P, Richer JP, Scepi M,. Anatomical pitfalls in the technique for total extra peritoneal laparoscopic repair for inguinal hernias. Surg Radiol Anat 2006; 28: 486-493.
4. Hamza Y, Gabr E, Hammadi H, Khalil R,. Four-arm randomized trial comparing laparoscopic and open hernia repairs. Int J Surg 2010; 8: 25-28.
5. Wake BL, McCormack K, Fraser C, Vale L, Perez J, Grant AM,. Transabdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP) vs totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic techniques for inguinal hernia repair. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; (1): CD004703.
6. Tolver MA, Strandfelt P, Forsberg G, Hjorne FP, Rosenberg J, Bisgaard T,. Determinants of a short convalescence after laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. Surgery 2011; Oct 18 [Epub ahead of print].
7. Aasvang EK, Gmaehle E, Hansen JB, Gmaehle B, Forman JL, Schwarz J, Bittner R, Kehlet H,. Predictive risk factors for persistent postherniotomy pain. Anesthesiology 2010; 112: 957-969.
8. Kuhry E, van Veen RN, Langeveld HR, Steyerberg EW, Jeekel J, Bonjer HJ,. Open or endoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair? A systematic review. Surg Endosc 2007; 21: 161-166.
9. McCormack K, Scott NW, Go PM, Ross S, Grant AM,. Laparoscopic techniques versus open techniques for inguinal hernia repair. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; (1): CD001785.
10. Bisgaard T,. Analgesic treatment after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a critical assessment of the evidence. Anesthesiology 2006; 104: 835-846.
11. Neugebauer EA, Wilkinson RC, Kehlet H, Schug SA,. PROSPECT: a practical method for formulating evidence-based expert recommendations for the management of postoperative pain. Surg Endosc 2007; 21: 1047-1053.
12. Bisgaard T, Kehlet H, Rosenberg J,. Pain and convalescence after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Eur J Surg 2001; 167: 84-96.
13. Bisgaard T, Stockel M, Klarskov B, Kehlet H, Rosenberg J,. Prospective analysis of convalescence and early pain after uncomplicated laparoscopic fundoplication. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 1473-1478.
14. Eriksen JR, Poornoroozy P, Jorgensen LN, Jacobsen B, Friis-Andersen HU, Rosenberg J,. Pain, quality of life and recovery after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. Hernia 2009; 13: 13-21.
15. Joris J, Thiry E, Paris P, Weerts J, Lamy M,. Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: characteristics and effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 1995; 81: 379-384.
16. Kehlet H,. Procedure-specific postoperative pain management. Anesthesiol Clin North America 2005; 23: 203-210.
17. McCormack K, Wake B, Perez J, Fraser C, Cook J, McIntosh E, Vale L, Grant A,. Laparoscopic surgery for inguinal hernia repair: systematic review of effectiveness and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2005; 9: 1-203, iii-iv.
18. Pavlin DJ, Chen C, Penaloza DA, Polissar NL, Buckley FP,. Pain as a factor complicating recovery and discharge after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 2002; 95: 627-634.
19. Callesen T, Bech K, Kehlet H,. Prospective study of chronic pain after groin hernia repair. Br J Surg 1999; 86: 1528-1531.
20. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG,. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ 2009; 339: b2535.
21. Slim K, Bousquet J, Kwiatkowski F, Pezet D, Chipponi J,. Analysis of randomized controlled trials in laparoscopic surgery. Br J Surg 1997; 84: 610-614.
22. Eccles M, Freemantle N, Mason J,. North of England evidence based guidelines development project: methods of developing guidelines for efficient drug use in primary care. BMJ 1998; 316: 1232-1235.
23. Abbas MH, Hamade A, Choudhry MN, Hamza N, Nadeem R, Ammori BJ,. Infiltration of wounds and extraperitoneal space with local anesthetic in patients undergoing laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair of unilateral inguinal hernias: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Scand J Surg 2010; 99: 18-23.
24. Agarwal BB, Agarwal KA, Mahajan KC,. Prospective double-blind randomized controlled study comparing heavy- and lightweight polypropylene mesh in totally extraperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia: early results. Surg Endosc 2009; 23: 242-247.
25. Anadol ZA, Ersoy E, Taneri F, Tekin E,. Outcome and cost comparison of laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair versus Open Lichtenstein technique. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2004; 14: 159-163.
26. Bessell JR, Baxter P, Riddell P, Watkin S, Maddern GJ,. A randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernia repair as a day surgical procedure. Surg Endosc 1996; 10: 495-500.
27. Bringman S, Ramel S, Heikkinen TJ, Englund T, Westman B, Anderberg B,. Tension-free inguinal hernia repair: TEP versus mesh-plug versus Lichtenstein: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2003; 237: 142-147.
28. Bringman S, Wollert S, Osterberg J, Heikkinen T,. Early results of a randomized multicenter trial comparing Prolene and VyproII mesh in bilateral endoscopic extraperitoneal hernioplasty (TEP). Surg Endosc 2005; 19: 536-540.
29. Dedemadi G, Sgourakis G, Karaliotas C, Christofides T, Kouraklis G, Karaliotas C,. Comparison of laparoscopic and open tension-free repair of recurrent inguinal hernias: a prospective randomized study. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 1099-1104.
30. Dirksen CD, Beets GL, Go PM, Geisler FE, Baeten CG, Kootstra G,. Bassini repair compared with laparoscopic repair for primary inguinal hernia: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Surg 1998; 164: 439-447.
31. Eklund A, Rudberg C, Smedberg S, Enander LK, Leijonmarck CE, Osterberg J, Montgomery A,. Short-term results of a randomized clinical trial comparing Lichtenstein open repair with totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Br J Surg 2006; 93: 1060-1068.
32. Fujita F, Lahmann B, Otsuka K, Lyass S, Hiatt JR, Phillips EH,. Quantification of pain and satisfaction following laparoscopic and open hernia repair. Arch Surg 2004; 139: 596-600.
33. Garg P, Rajagopal M, Varghese V, Ismail M,. Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair with nonfixation of the mesh for 1,692 hernias. Surg Endosc 2009; 23: 1241-1245.
34. Garg P, Menon GR, Rajagopal M, Ismail M,. Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair of recurrent inguinal hernias. Surg Endosc 2010; 24: 450-454.
35. Gunal O, Ozer S, Gurleyik E, Bahcebasi T,. Does the approach to the groin make a difference in hernia repair? Hernia 2007; 11: 429-434.
36. Heikkinen T, Haukipuro K, Leppala J, Hulkko A,. Total costs of laparoscopic and lichtenstein inguinal hernia repairs: a randomized prospective study. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1997; 7: 1-5.
37. Heikkinen T, Wollert S, Osterberg J, Smedberg S, Bringman S,. Early results of a randomised trial comparing Prolene and VyproII-mesh in endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP) of recurrent unilateral hernias. Hernia 2006; 10: 34-40.
38. Hon SF, Poon CM, Leong HT, Tang YC,. Pre-emptive infiltration of Bupivacaine in laparoscopic total extraperitoneal hernioplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Hernia 2009; 13: 53-56.
39. Ismail M, Garg M, Rajagopal M, Garg P,. Impact of closed-suction drain in preperitoneal space on the incidence of seroma formation after laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2009; 19: 263-266.
40. Koch CA, Greenlee SM, Larson DR, Harrington JR, Farley DR,. Randomized prospective study of totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: fixation versus no fixation of mesh. JSLS 2006; 10: 457-460.
41. Kozol R, Lange PM, Kosir M, Beleski K, Mason K, Tennenberg S, Kubinec SM, Wilson RF,. A prospective, randomized study of open vs laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. An assessment of postoperative pain. Arch Surg 1997; 132: 292-295.
42. Lal P, Kajla RK, Chander J, Saha R, Ramteke VK,. Randomized controlled study of laparoscopic total extraperitoneal versus open Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair. Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 850-856.
43. Langenbach MR, Schmidt J, Zirngibl H,. Comparison of biomaterials in the early postoperative period. Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 1105-1109.
44. Langenbach MR, Schmidt J, Zirngibl H,. Comparison of biomaterials: three meshes and TAPP for inguinal hernia. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 1511-1517.
45. Langenbach MR, Schmidt J, Ubrig B, Zirngibl H,. Sixty-month follow-up after endoscopic inguinal hernia repair with three types of mesh: a prospective randomized trial. Surg Endosc 2008; 22: 1790-1797.
46. Langeveld HR, van't Riet M, Weidema WF, Stassen LP, Steyerberg EW, Lange J, Bonjer HJ, Jeekel J,. Total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair compared with Lichtenstein (the LEVEL-Trial): a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2010; 251: 819-824.
47. Lau H, Lee F, Patil NG, Yuen WK,. Laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty: an audit of the early postoperative results of 100 consecutive repairs. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2000; 29: 640-643.
48. Lau H, Patil NG, Lee F, Yuen WK,. A prospective trial of analgesia following endoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernioplasty. Surg Endosc 2002; 16: 159-162.
49. Lau H, Lee F,. A prospective comparative study of needlescopic and conventional endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty. Surg Endosc 2002; 16: 1737-1740.
50. Lau H, Patil NG,. Selective non-stapling of mesh during unilateral endoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty: a case-control study. Arch Surg 2003; 138: 1352-1355.
51. Lau H, Patil NG, Yuen WK,. A comparative outcome analysis of bilateral versus unilateral endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplastics. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2003; 13: 153-157.
52. Lau H, Patil NG,. Acute pain after endoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernioplasty: multivariate analysis of predictive factors. Surg Endosc 2004; 18: 92-96.
53. Lau H,. Outpatient endoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2004; 14: 93-96.
54. Lau H,. Fibrin sealant versus mechanical stapling for mesh fixation during endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty: a randomized prospective trial. Ann Surg 2005; 242: 670-675.
55. Lau H, Patil NG, Yuen WK,. Is endoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty justified for the repair of groin hernia in female patients? Surg Endosc 2005; 19: 1544-1548.
56. Lau H, Patil NG, Yuen WK,. Day-case endoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty versus open Lichtenstein hernioplasty for unilateral primary inguinal hernia in males: a randomized trial. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 76-81.
57. Lawrence K, McWhinnie D, Goodwin A, Doll H, Gordon A, Gray A, Britton J, Collin J,. Randomised controlled trial of laparoscopic versus open repair of inguinal hernia: early results. BMJ 1995; 311: 981-985.
58. Liem MS, van der Graaf Y, van Steensel CJ, Boelhouwer RU, Clevers GJ, Meijer WS, Stassen LP, Vente JP, Weidema WF, Schrijvers AJ, van, Vroonhoven TJ,. Comparison of conventional anterior surgery and laparoscopic surgery for inguinal-hernia repair. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1541-1547.
59. Maddern GJ, Rudkin G, Bessell JR, Devitt P, Ponte L,. A comparison of laparoscopic and open hernia repair as a day surgical procedure. Surg Endosc 1994; 8: 1404-1408.
60. Newman L, III, Eubanks S, Mason E, Duncan TD,. Is laparoscopic herniorrhaphy an effective alternative to open hernia repair? J Laparoendosc Surg 1993; 3: 121-128.
61. Olmi S, Erba L, Bertolini A, Scaini A, Croce E,. Fibrin glue for mesh fixation in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) hernia repair: indications, technique, and outcomes. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 1846-1850.
62. Olmi S, Scaini A, Erba L, Guaglio M, Croce E,. Quantification of pain in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernioplasty identifies marked differences between prosthesis fixation systems. Surgery 2007; 142: 40-46.
63. Paganini AM, Lezoche E, Carle F, Carlei F, Favretti F, Feliciotti F, Gesuita R, Guerrieri M, Lomanto D, Nardovino M, Panti M, Ribichini P, Sarli L, Sottili M, Tamburini A, Taschieri A,. A randomized, controlled, clinical study of laparoscopic vs open tension-free inguinal hernia repair. Surg Endosc 1998; 12: 979-986.
64. Pavlidis TE, Atmatzidis KS, Papaziogas BT, Makris JG, Lazaridis CN, Papaziogas TB,. The effect of preincisional periportal infiltration with ropivacaine in pain relief after laparoscopic procedures: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. JSLS 2003; 7: 305-310.
65. Picchio M, Lombardi A, Zolovkins A, Mihelsons M, La TG,. Tension-free laparoscopic and open hernia repair: randomized controlled trial of early results. World J Surg 1999; 23: 1004-1007.
66. Pokorny H, Klingler A, Scheyer M, Fugger R, Bischof G,. Postoperative pain and quality of life after laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repair: results of a prospective randomized trial. Hernia 2006; 10: 331-337.
67. Schrenk P, Woisetschlager R, Rieger R, Wayand W,. Prospective randomized trial comparing postoperative pain and return to physical activity after transabdominal preperitoneal, total preperitoneal or Shouldice technique for inguinal hernia repair. Br J Surg 1996; 83: 1563-1566.
68. Stoker DL, Spiegelhalter DJ, Singh R, Wellwood JM,. Laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia repair: randomised prospective trial. Lancet 1994; 343: 1243-1245.
69. Wellwood J, Sculpher MJ, Stoker D, Nicholls GJ, Geddes C, Whitehead A, Singh R, Spiegelhalter D,. Randomised controlled trial of laparoscopic versus open mesh repair for inguinal hernia: outcome and cost. BMJ 1998; 317: 103-110.
70. Zacharoulis D, Fafoulakis F, Baloyiannis I, Sioka E, Georgopoulou S, Pratsas C, Hantzi E, Tzovaras G,. Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia under spinal anesthesia: a pilot study. Am J Surg 2009; 198: 456-459.
71. Zieren J, Zieren HU, Jacobi CA, Wenger FA, Muller JM,. Prospective randomized study comparing laparoscopic and open tension-free inguinal hernia repair with Shouldice's operation. Am J Surg 1998; 175: 330-333.
72. Bender O, Balci FL, Yuney E, Saglam F, Ozdenkaya Y, Sari YS,. Systemic inflammatory response after Kugel versus laparoscopic groin hernia repair: a prospective randomized trial. Surg Endosc 2009; 23: 2657-2661.
73. Gokalp A, Inal M, Maralcan G, Baskonus I,. A prospective randomized study of Lichtenstein open tension-free versus laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal techniques for inguinal hernia repair. Acta Chir Belg 2003; 103: 502-506.
74. Lau H,. Endoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty for recurrence after open repair. ANZ J Surg 2004; 74: 877-880.
75. Misra MC, Kumar S, Bansal VK,. Total extraperitoneal (TEP) mesh repair of inguinal hernia in the developing world: comparison of low-cost indigenous balloon dissection versus direct telescopic dissection: a prospective randomized controlled study. Surg Endosc 2008; 22: 1947-1958.
76. O'Riordain DS, Kelly P, Horgan PG, Keane FB, Tanner WA,. A randomized controlled trial of extraperitoneal bupivacaine analgesia in laparoscopic hernia repair. Am J Surg 1998; 176: 254-257.
77. Parshad R, Kumar R, Hazrah P, Bal S,. A randomized comparison of the early outcome of stapled and unstapled techniques of laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. JSLS 2005; 9: 403-407.
78. Pawanindra L, Philips P, Chander J, Ramteke VK,. Is unilateral laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair a job half done? The case for bilateral repair. Surg Endosc 2010; 24: 1737-1745.
79. Saff GN, Marks RA, Kuroda M, Rozan JP, Hertz R,. Analgesic effect of bupivacaine on extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 377-381.
80. Subwongcharoen S, Udompornmongkol V,. A randomized control trial of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine versus placebo extraperitoneal infusion in totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty. J Surg Res 2010; 162: 279-283.
81. Suvikapakornkul R, Valaivarangkul P, Noiwan P, Phansukphon T,. A randomized controlled trial of preperitoneal bupivacaine instillation for reducing pain following laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy. Surg Innov 2009; 16: 117-123.
82. Tolver MA, Strandfelt P, Rosenberg J, Bisgaard T,. Pain characteristics after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Surg Endosc 2011; 25: 3859-3864.
83. Gong K, Zhang N, Lu Y, Zhu B, Zhang Z, Du D, Zhao X, Jiang H,. Comparison of the open tension-free mesh-plug, transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP), and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic techniques for primary unilateral inguinal hernia repair: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc 2011; 25: 234-239.
84. Bisgaard T, Klarskov B, Rosenberg J, Kehlet H,. Characteristics and prediction of early pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pain 2001; 90: 261-269.
85. Spivak H, Nudelman I, Fuco V, Rubin M, Raz P, Peri A, Lelcuk S, Eidelman LA,. Laparoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair with spinal anesthesia and nitrous oxide insufflation. Surg Endosc 1999; 13: 1026-1029.
86. Sarli L, Iusco DR, Sansebastiano G, Costi R,. Simultaneous repair of bilateral inguinal hernias: a prospective, randomized study of open, tension-free versus laparoscopic approach. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2001; 11: 262-267.
87. Ahmad SA, Schuricht AL,. A comparison of patient recovery following unilateral and bilateral endoscopic preperitoneal herniorrhaphy. JSLS 1997; 1: 231-235.
88. Ismail M, Nair S, Garg P,. Is prophylactic laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair on the contralateral side justified in less developed regions? A comparative study of bilateral to unilateral repair. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2010; 20: 533-536.
89. Leibl BJ, Kraft B, Redecke JD, Schmedt CG, Ulrich M, Kraft K, Bittner R,. Are postoperative complaints and complications influenced by different techniques in fashioning and fixing the mesh in transperitoneal laparoscopic hernioplasty? Results of a prospective randomized trial. World J Surg 2002; 26: 1481-1484.
90. Lau H, Patil NG, Yuen WK, Lee F,. Prevalence and severity of chronic groin pain after endoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty. Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 1620-1623.
91. Berndsen FH, Petersson U, Arvidsson D, Leijonmarck CE, Rudberg C, Smedberg S, Montgomery A,. Discomfort five years after laparoscopic and Shouldice inguinal hernia repair: a randomised trial with 867 patients. A report from the SMIL study group. Hernia 2007; 11: 307-313.
92. Aasvang EK, Bay-Nielsen M, Kehlet H,. Pain and functional impairment 6 years after inguinal herniorrhaphy. Hernia 2006; 10: 316-321.
93. Ip HY, Abrishami A, Peng PW, Wong J, Chung F,. Predictors of postoperative pain and analgesic consumption: a qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology 2009; 111: 657-677.
94. Bay-Nielsen M, Nilsson E, Nordin P, Kehlet H,. Chronic pain after open mesh and sutured repair of indirect inguinal hernia in young males. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 1372-1376.
95. Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ,. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet 2006; 367: 1618-1625.
96. Woolf CJ,. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain 2011; 152: S2-15.
97. Bisgaard T, Rosenberg J, Kehlet H,. From acute to chronic pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective follow-up analysis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005; 40: 1358-1364.
98. Alfieri S, Amid PK, Campanelli G, Izard G, Kehlet H, Wijsmuller AR, Di MD, Doglietto GB,. International guidelines for prevention and management of post-operative chronic pain following inguinal hernia surgery. Hernia 2011; 15: 239-249.
99. Lavand'homme P,. The progression from acute to chronic pain. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2011; 24: 545-550.
100. Neziri AY, Scaramozzino P, Andersen OK, Dickenson AH, Arendt-Nielsen L, Curatolo M,. Reference values of mechanical and thermal pain tests in a pain-free population. Eur J Pain 2011; 15: 376-383.
101. Fillingim RB, King CD, Ribeiro-Dasilva MC, Rahim-Williams B, Riley JL III,. Sex, gender, and pain: a review of recent clinical and experimental findings. J Pain 2009; 10: 447-485.
102. Jensen K, Kehlet H, Lund CM,. Post-operative recovery profile after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, observational study of a multimodal anaesthetic regime. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51: 464-471.
103. Caumo W, Schmidt AP, Schneider CN, Bergmann J, Iwamoto CW, Adamatti LC, Bandeira D, Ferreira MB,. Preoperative predictors of moderate to intense acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46: 1265-1271.
104. Katz J, Poleshuck EL, Andrus CH, Hogan LA, Jung BF, Kulick DI, Dworkin RH,. Risk factors for acute pain and its persistence following breast cancer surgery. Pain 2005; 119: 16-25.