Experience of career-related discrimination for female-to-male transgender persons: A qualitative study

Career Development Quarterly

Volumn 60, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 65-81

  Dispenza, Franco ^a   Watson, Laurel B ^a   Chung, Y Barry ^b   Brack, Greg ^a  

^a GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

career; discrimination; female to male; qualitative; transgender

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859569947     PISSN: 08894019     EISSN: 21610045     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2012.00006.x     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Badgett, M. V. L., Lau, H., Sears, B., &, Ho, D., (2007). Bias in the workplace: Consistent evidence of sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination. Retrieved from http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/ publications/Bias%20in%20the%20Workplace.pdf
2. Bogdan, R., &, Knopp Biklen, S., (2007). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods. Boston, MA: Pearson.
3. Chojnacki, J. T., &, Gelberg, S., (1994). Toward a conceptualization of career counseling with gay/lesbian/bisexual persons. Journal of Career Development, 21, 3-10.
4. Chung, Y. B., (2001). Work discrimination and coping strategies: Conceptual frameworks for counseling lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. The Career Development Quarterly, 50, 33-44. Retrieved from.
5. Chung, Y. B., (2003). Career counseling with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered persons: The next decade. The Career Development Quarterly, 52, 78-86. Retrieved from.
6. Chung, Y. B., Williams, W., Dispenza, F., (2009). Validating work discrimination and coping strategy models for sexual minorities. The Career Development Quarterly, 58, 162-170.
7. Clements-Nolle, K., Marx, R., &, Katz, M., (2006). Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discrimination and victimization. Journal of Homosexuality, 51, 53-69. doi:.
8. Crotty, M., (1998). The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
9. Ekins, R., (1997). Male femaling: A grounded theory approach to cross-dressing and sex-changing. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
10. Fassinger, R. E., (2005). Paradigms, praxis, problems, and promise: Grounded theory in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 156-166. doi:.
11. Gainor, K. A., (2000). Including transgender issues in lesbian, gay, and bisexual psychology: Implications for clinical practice and training. In, B. Greene, &, G. L. Croom, (Eds.), Education, research, and practice in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered psychology: A resource manual (Vol. 5, pp. 131-160). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
12. Gomez, M. J., Fassinger, R. E., Prosser, J., Cooke, K., &, Mejia, B., (2001). Voces abriendo caminos (Voices forging paths): A qualitative study of the career development of notable Latinas. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 286-300. doi:.
13. Hesse-Biber, S. N., &, Leavy, P., (2006). The practice of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
14. Human Rights Campaign Foundation. (2008). Transgender inclusion in the workplace (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from.
15. Irwin, J., (2002). Discrimination against gay men, lesbians, and transgender people working in education. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 14, 65-77. doi:.
16. King, K. R., (2005). Why is discrimination stressful? The mediating role of cognitive appraisal. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 11, 202-212. doi:.
17. Kirk, J., &, Belovics, R., (2008). Understanding and counseling transgender clients. Journal of Employment Counseling, 45, 29-39.
18. Lidderdale, M. A., Croteau, J. M., Anderson, M. Z., Tovar-Murray, D., &, Davis, J. M., (2007). Building lesbian, gay, and bisexual vocational psychology: A theoretical model of workplace sexual identity management. In, K. J. Bieschke, R. M. Perez, &, K. A. DeBord, (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients (pp. 240-275). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
19. Lombardi, E. L., Wilchins, R. A., Priesing, D., &, Malouf, D., (2001). Gender violence: Transgender experiences with violence and discrimination. Journal of Homosexuality, 42, 89-101. doi:.
20. Merriam, S. B., (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. New York, NY: Wiley.
21. Minter, S., &, Daley, C., (2003). Trans realities: A legal needs assessment of San Francisco's transgender communities. Retrieved from http://www.transgenderlawcenter.org/trans/pdfs/ Trans%20Realities%20Final%20Final.pdf
22. Noonan, B. M., Gallor, S., Hensler-McGinnis, N., Fassinger, R. E., Wang, S., &, Goodman, J., (2004). Challenge and successes: A qualitative study of the career development of highly achieving women with physical and sensory disabilities. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 68-80. doi:.
23. O'Neil, M. E., McWhirter, E. H., &, Cerezo, A., (2008). Transgender identities and gender variance in vocational psychology. Journal of Career Development, 34, 286-308. doi:.
24. Patton, M. Q., (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
25. Pepper, S. M., &, Lorah, P., (2008). Career issues and workplace considerations for the transsexual community: Bridging a gap of knowledge for career counselors and mental health care providers. The Career Development Quarterly, 56, 330-343.
26. Raggins, B. R., &, Cornwell, J. M., (2001). Pink triangles: Antecedents and consequences of perceived workplace discrimination against gay and lesbian employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1244-1261. doi:.
27. Richie, B., Fassinger, R. E., Linn, S. G., Johnson, J., Prosser, J., &, Robinson, S., (1997). Persistence, connection, and passion: A qualitative study of the career development of highly achieving African American-Black and White women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44, 133-148.
28. Sanchez, F. J., &, Villain, E., (2009). Collective self-esteem as a coping resource for male-to-female transsexuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 202-209. doi:.
29. Schensul, J. J., LeCompte, M. D., Nastasi, B. K., &, Borgatti, S. P., (1999). Ethnographers' toolkit, Book 3: Enhanced ethnographic methods. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
30. Singh, A. A., Hays, D. G., &, Watson, L., (2011). Strength in the face of adversity: Resilience strategies of transgender individuals. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89, 20-27.
31. Smith, N. G., &, Ingram, K. M., (2004). Workplace heterosexism and adjustment among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals: The role of unsupportive social interactions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 57-67. doi:.
32. Strauss, A., &, Corbin, J., (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33. Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., &, Esquilin, M., (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62, 271-286. doi:.
34. Waldo, C. R., (1999). Working in a majority context: A structural model of heterosexism as minority stress in the workplace. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 218-232. doi:.