Tonic immobility is a measure of boldness toward predators: An application of Bayesian structural equation modeling

Behavioral Ecology

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 619-626

  Edelaar, Pim ^a   Serrano, David ^a   Carrete, Martina ^b   Blas, Julio ^a   Potti, Jaime ^a   Tella, José Luis ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION BIOLOGY   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSIDAD PABLO DE OLAVIDE   (Spain)

Author keywords

activity; animal personality; antipredation behavior; Bayesian structural equation modeling; boldness; fear; repeatability; tonic immobility

Indexed keywords

ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSE; BAYESIAN ANALYSIS; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; IMMOBILIZATION; NUMERICAL MODEL; PASSERINE; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PREDATOR; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RELATEDNESS; WILD POPULATION;

ANIMALIA; AVES; EUPLECTES AFER; PASSER MONTANUS; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 84859505011     PISSN: 10452249     EISSN: 14657279     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars006     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Arbuckle JL. IBM SPSS Amos 19 user's guide. Chicago (IL): SPSS. Available from: http://www.amosdevelopment.com/download/amos.pdf.
2. Arhonditsis GB, Stow CA, Steinberg LJ, Kenney MA, Lathrop RC, McBride SJ, Reckhow KH. 2006. Exploring ecological patterns with structural equation modeling and Bayesian analysis. Ecol Modell. 192:385-409. (Pubitemid 43188854)
3. Bell AM, Hankison SJ, Laskowski KL. 2009. The repeatability of behavior: a meta-analysis. Anim Behav. 77:771-783.
4. Boissy A. 1995. Fear and fearfulness in animals. Q Rev Biol. 70:165-191.
5. Carrete M, Tella JL. 2010. Individual consistency in flight initiation distance in burrowing owls: a new hypothesis on disturbance-induced habitat selection. Biol Lett. 6:167-170.
6. Carrete M, Tella JL. 2011. Inter-individual variability in fear of humans and relative brain size are related to contemporary urban invasion in birds. PLoS One. 4:e18859.
7. Cockrem JF. 2007. Stress, corticosterone and avian personalities. J Ornithol. 148:S169-S178.
8. Dingemanse NJ, Dochtermann N, Wright J. 2010. A method for exploring the structure of behavioral syndromes to allow formal comparisons within and among data sets. Anim Behav. 79: 439-450.
9. Dingemanse NJ, Edelaar P, Kempenaers B. 2010. Why is there variation in baseline glucocorticoid levels? Trends Ecol Evol. 25: 261-262.
10. Dochtermann NA, Jenkins SH. 2007. Behavioural syndromes in Merriam's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami): a test of competing hypotheses. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 274:2343-2349. (Pubitemid 47372889)
11. Erhard HW, Mendl M, Christiansen SB. 1999. Individual differences in tonic immobility may reflect behavioral strategies. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 64:31-46. (Pubitemid 29245256)
12. Feenders G, Bateson M. 2011. Hand-rearing reduced fear of humans in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris. PLoS One. 6:e17466.
13. Forkman B, Boissy A, Meunier-Salaün M-C, Canali E, Jones RB. 2007. A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses. Physiol Behav. 92:340-374. (Pubitemid 47569992)
14. Forstmeier W, Schielzeth H. 2011. Cryptic multiple hypotheses testing in linear models: overestimated effect sizes and the winner's curse. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 65:47-55.
15. Gallup GG. 1974. Animal hypnosis: factual status of a fictional concept. Psychol Bull. 81:836-853.
16. Gallup GG. 1977. Tonic immobility: the role of fear and predation. Psychol Rec. 1:1-41.
17. Gallup GG, Rager DR. 1996. Tonic immobility as a model of extreme states of behavioral inhibition. In: Sanberg PR, Ossenkopp K-P, Kavaliers M, editors. Motor activity and movement disorders: research issues and applications. New Jersey (NY): Humana Press. p. 57-80.
18. Grace JB. 2006. Structural equation modeling and natural systems. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
19. Jones RB. 1980. Reactions of male domestic chicks to two-dimensional eye-like shapes. Anim Behav. 28:212-218.
20. Jones RB. 1996. Fear and adaptability in poultry: insights, implications and imperatives. Worlds Poult Sci J. 52:131-174. (Pubitemid 127024731)
21. Jones RB, Mills AD. 1983. Estimation of fear in two lines of the domestic chick: correlations between various methods. Behav Process. 8:243-253.
22. Lessells CM, Boag PT. 1987. Unrepeatable repeatabilities-a common mistake. Auk. 104:116-121.
23. McCarthy MA. 2007. Bayesian methods for ecology. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
24. Miyatake T, Nakayama S, Nishi Y, Nakajima S. 2009. Tonically immobilized selfish prey can survive by sacrificing others. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 276:2763-2767.
25. Miyatake T, Tabuchi K, Sasaki K, Okada K, Katayama K, Moriya S. 2008. Pleiotropic antipredator strategies, fleeing and feigning death, correlated with dopamine levels in Tribolium castaneum. Anim Behav. 75:113-121. (Pubitemid 350298086)
26. Montevecchi W. 1978. Tonic immobility responses of Herring gull chicks. Condor. 80:248-249.
27. Nakayama S, Nishi Y, Miyatake T. 2010. Genetic correlation between behavioral traits in relation to death-feigning behavior. Popul Ecol. 52:329-335.
28. Nakagawa S, Schielzeth H. 2010. Repeatability for Gaussian and non-Gaussian data: a practical guide for biologists. Biol Rev. 85:935-956.
29. Ohno T, Miyatake T. 2007. Drop of fly? Negative correlation between death-feigning intensity and flying ability as alternative anti-predator strategies. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 274:555-560. (Pubitemid 47055529)
30. Quinn GP, Keough MJ. 2002. Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
31. Reale D, Dingemanse NJ, Kazem AJN, Wright J. 2010. Evolutionary and ecological approaches to the study of personality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 365:3937-3946.
32. Reale D, Reader SM, Sol D, McDougall PT, Dingemanse NJ. 2007. Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution. Biol Rev. 82:291-318. (Pubitemid 46587935)
33. Rubolini D, Romano M, Boncoraglio G, Ferrari RP, Martinelli R, Galeotti P, Fasola M, Saino N. 2005. Effect of elevated egg cortocosterone levels on behavior, growth, and immunity of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) chicks. Horm Behav. 47:592-605. (Pubitemid 40462066)
34. Ruxton G. 2006. Grasshoppers don't play possum. Nature. 440:880.
35. Sargeant AB, Eberhardt LE. 1975. Death feigning by ducks in response to predation by red foxes (Vulpes fulva). Am Midl Nat. 94:108-119.
36. SætherSA, FiskeP, Ka°la°s JA,KuresooA, LuigujõeE, Piertney SB, Sahlman T, Höglund J. 2007. Inferring local adaptation from QST-FST comparisons: neutral genetic and quantitative trait variation in European populations of great snipe. J Evol Biol. 20:1563-1576. (Pubitemid 46956640)
37. Taborsky M. 2010. Sample size in the study of behavior. Ethology. 116:185-202.
38. Thompson RKR, Foltin RW, Boylan RJ, Sweet A, Graves CA, Lowitz CE. 1981. Tonic immobility in Japanese quail can reduce the probability of sustained attach by cats. Anim Learn Behav. 9:145-149.
39. Zulkifli I, Al-Aqil A, Omar AR, Sazili AQ, Rajion MA. 2009. Crating and heat stress influence blood parameters and heat shock protein 70 expression in broiler chickens showing short or long tonic immobility reactions. Poult Sci. 88:471-476.