Cross-sectional study of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in horses. Part 1: Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Equine Veterinary Journal

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 289-296

  Maddox, T W ^a   Clegg, P D ^a   Diggle, P J ^b   Wedley, A L ^a   Dawson, S ^a   Pinchbeck, G L ^a   Williams, N J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial resistance; Escherichia coli; Extended spectrum lactamases; Horse; MRSA; Prevalence

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; ESCHERICHIA COLI; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTION; FECES; FEMALE; HETEROZYGOTE; HORSE; HORSE DISEASE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MALE; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MICROBIOLOGY; NOSE MUCOSA; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; PREVALENCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION; UNITED KINGDOM;

ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CARRIER STATE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; ESCHERICHIA COLI; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS; FECES; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; MALE; METHICILLIN RESISTANCE; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; NASAL MUCOSA; PREVALENCE; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); EQUIDAE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 84859442625     PISSN: 04251644     EISSN: 20423306     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00441.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Abbott, Y., Leggett, B., Rossney, A.S., Leonard, F.C. and Markey, B.K. (2010a) Isolation rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dogs, cats and horses in Ireland. Vet. Rec. 166, 451-455.
2. Abbott, Y., Leonard, F.C. and Markey, B.K. (2010b) Detection of three distinct genetic lineages in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from animals and veterinary personnel. Epidemiol. Infect. 138, 764-771.
3. Ahmed, M., Clegg, P., Williams, N., Baptiste, K. and Bennett, M. (2010) Antimicrobial resistance in equine faecal Escherichia coli isolates from north west England. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 9, 12.
4. Anderson, M.A., Whitlock, J.E. and Harwood, V.J. (2006) Diversity and distribution of Escherichia coli genotypes and antibiotic resistance phenotypes in feces of humans, cattle, and horses. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72, 6914-6922.
5. Anderson, M.E.C. and Weese, J.S. (2007) Evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus directly from nasal swabs in horses. Vet. Microbiol. 122, 185-189.
6. Anon (2007) BSAC Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (Version 6.1), BSAC, Birmingham. Available at.
7. Anzai, T., Kamada, M., Ike, K., Kanemaru, T. and Kumanomido, T. (1987) Drug susceptibity of Escherichia coli isolated from foals with diarrhoea and mares with metritis. Bull. equine Res. Inst. 24, 42-50.
8. Anzai, T., Kamada, M., Kanemaru, T., Sugita, S., Shimizu, A. and Higuchi, T. (1996) Isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from mares with metritis and its zooepidemiology. J. equine Sci. 7, 7-11.
9. Bagcigil, F.A., Moodley, A., Baptiste, K.E., Jensen, V.F. and Guardabassi, L. (2007) Occurrence, species distribution, antimicrobial resistance and clonality of methicillin- and erythromycin-resistant staphylococci in the nasal cavity of domestic animals. Vet. Microbiol. 121, 307-315.
10. Baptiste, K.E., Williams, K., Willams, N.J., Wattret, A., Clegg, P.D., Dawson, S., Corkill, J., O'Neill, T. and Hart, C. (2005) Methicillin-resistant staphylococci in companion animals. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11, 1942-1944.
11. Bartoloni, A., Cutts, F., Leoni, S., Austin, C.C., Mantella, A., Guglielmetti, P., Roselli, M., Salazar, E. and Paradisi, F. (1998) Patterns of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance among healthy children in Bolivia. Trop. Med. Int. Health 3, 116-123.
12. Bartoloni, A., Benedetti, M., Pallecchi, L., Larsson, M., Mantella, A., Strohmeyer, M., Bartalesi, F., Fernandez, C., Guzman, E., Vallejos, Y., Villagran, A.L., Guerra, H., Gotuzzo, E., Paradisi, F., Falkenberg, T., Rossolini, G.M. and Kronvall, G. (2006) Evaluation of a rapid screening method for detection of antimicrobial resistance in the commensal microbiota of the gut. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 100, 119-125.
13. Brakstad, O.G., Aasbakk, K. and Maeland, J.A. (1992) Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain-reaction amplification of the nuc gene. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30, 1654-1660.
14. Bucknell, DG, Gasser, RB, Irving, A and Whithear, K (1997) Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from horses. Aust. vet. J. 75, 355-356.
15. Burton, S., Reid-Smith, R., McClure, J.T. and Weese, J.S. (2008) Staphylococcus aureus colonization in healthy horses in Atlantic Canada. Can. vet. J. Rev. vet. Can. 49, 797-799.
16. Busscher, J.F., van Duijkeren, E. and Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M. (2006) The prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in healthy horses in The Netherlands. Vet. Microbiol. 113, 131-136.
17. Corrente, M., D'Abramo, M., Latronico, F., Greco, M.F., Bellacicco, A.L., Greco, G., Martella, V. and Buonavoglia, D. (2009) Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from horses. New Microbiol. 32, 311-314.
18. Cuny, C., Kuemmerle, J., Stanek, C., Willey, B.M., Strommenger, B. and Witte, W. (2006) Emergence of MRSA infections in horses in a veterinary hospital: strain characterisation and comparison with MRSA from humans. Euro Surveill. 11, 44-47.
19. Devriese, L.A., Ieven, M., Goossens, H., Vandamme, P., Pot, B., Hommez, J. and Haesebrouck, F. (1996) Presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in farm and pet animals. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40, 2285-2287.
20. Diggle, P., Zheng, P.P. and Durr, P. (2005) Nonparametric estimation of spatial segregation in a multivariate point process: Bovine tuberculosis in Cornwall, UK. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C Appl. Stat. 54, 645-658.
21. Dolejska, M., Duskova, E., Machkova, G., Kohoutova, L. and Cizek, A. (2008) Detection of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in horses, personnel and the environment within a veterinary teaching hospital. In: Conference Proceedings; Antimicrobial Resistance in Zoonotic Bacteria and Foodborne Pathogens, American Society for Microbiology, Copenhagen. pp 57-58.
22. Dunowska, M., Morley, P.S., Traub-Dargatz, J.L., Hyatt, D.R. and Dargatz, D.A. (2006) Impact of hospitalization and antimicrobial drug administration on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of horses. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 228, 1909-1917.
23. Ewers, C., Grobbel, M., Stamm, I., Kopp, P.A., Diehl, I., Semmler, T., Fruth, A., Beutlich, J., Guerra, B., Wieler, L.H. and Guenther, S. (2010) Emergence of human pandemic O25:H4-ST131 CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among companion animals. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 65, 651-660.
24. Harihara, H. and Barnum, D.A. (1973) Drug resistance among pathogenic enterobacteriaceae from animals in Ontario. Can. J. Public Health 64, 69-69.
25. Harmsen, D., Claus, H., Witte, W., Rothganger, J., Turnwald, D. and Vogel, U. (2003) Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management. J. clin. Microbiol. 41, 5442-5448.
26. Hart, W.S., Heuzenroeder, M.W. and Barton, M.D. (2006) A study of the transfer of tetracycline resistance genes between Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract of a mouse and a chicken model. J vet. Med. Series B Infect. Dis. vet. Public Health 53, 333-340.
27. Hartmann, F.A., Trostle, S.S. and Klohnen, A.A.O. (1997) Isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a postoperative wound infection in a horse. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 211, 590-592.
28. Hotchkiss, J.W., Reid, S.W.J. and Christley, R.M. (2007) A survey of horse owners in Great Britain regarding horses in their care. Part 1: horse demographic characteristics and management. Equine vet. J. 39, 294-300.
29. Hunter, P.A., Dawson, S., French, G.L., Goossens, H., Hawkey, P.M., Kuijper, E.J., Nathwani, D., Taylor, D.J., Teale, C.J., Warren, R.E., Wilcox, M.H., Woodford, N., Wulf, M.W. and Piddock, L.J.V. (2010) Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in animals and man: prescribing, practices and policies. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 65, I3-I17.
30. Karami, N., Martner, A., Enne, V.I., Swerkersson, S., Adlerberth, I. and Wold, A.E. (2007) Transfer of an ampicillin resistance gene between two Escherichia coli strains in the bowel microbiota of an infant treated with antibiotics. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 60, 1142-1145.
31. Khandavilli, S., Wilson, P., Cookson, B., Cepeda, J., Bellingan, G. and Brown, J. (2009) Utility of spa typing for investigating the local epidemiology of MRSA on a UK intensive care ward. J. Hosp. Infect. 71, 29-35.
32. Kloos, W.E. and Bannerman, T.L. (1994) Update on clinical-significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 7, 117-140.
33. Lina, G., Piemont, Y., Godail-Gamot, F., Bes, M., Peter, M.O., Gauduchon, V., Vandenesch, F. and Etienne, J. (1999) Involvement of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 29, 1128-1132.
34. McDaniels, A.E., Rice, E.W., Reyes, A.L., Johnson, C.H., Haugland, R.A. and Stelma, G.N. (1996) Confirmational identification of Escherichia coli, a comparison of genotypic and phenotypic assays for glutamate decarboxylase and beta-D-glucuronidase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 3350-3354.
35. Maddox, T.W., Clegg, P.D., Wedley, A.L., Dawson, S., Williams, N.J. and Pinchbeck, G.L. (2012) Cross-sectional study of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in horses. Part 2: risk factors for faecal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in horses. Equine vet. J. 44, 297-363.
36. Mellor, D.J., Love, S., Gettinby, G. and Reid, S.W.J. (1999) Demographic characteristics of the equine population of northern Britain. Vet. Rec. 145, 299-304.
37. Meng, J.H., Zhao, S.H. and Doyle, M.P. (1998) Virulence genes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from food, animals and humans. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 45, 229-235.
38. Moodley, A., Stegger, M., Bagcigil, A.F., Baptiste, K.E., Loeffler, A., Lloyd, D.H., Williams, N.J., Leonard, N., Abbott, Y., Skov, R. and Guardabassi, L. (2006) spa typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from domestic animals and veterinary staff in the UK and Ireland. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 58, 1118-1123.
39. M'Zali, F.H., Chanawong, A., Kerr, K.G., Birkenhead, D. and Hawkey, P.M. (2000) Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae: comparison of the MAST DD test, the double disc and the Etest ESBL. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 45, 881-885.
40. Oliveira, D.C. and de Lencastre, H. (2002) Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 2155-2161.
41. Paladino, J.A., Sunderlin, J.L., Price, C.S. and Schentag, J.J. (2002) Economic consequences of antimicrobial resistance. Surg. Infect. (Larchmt) 3, 259-267.
42. Panchaud, Y., Gerber, V., Rossano, A. and Perreten, V. (2010) Bacterial infections in horses: a retrospective study at the University Equine Clinic of Bern. Schweizer Arch. Tierheilkd 152, 176-182.
43. Pitout, J.D.D. (2010) Infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae changing epidemiology and drug treatment choices. Drugs 70, 313-333.
44. Seguin, J.C., Walker, R.D., Caron, J.P., Kloos, W.E., George, C.G., Hollis, R.J., Jones, R.N. and Pfaller, M.A. (1999) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak in a veterinary teaching hospital: potential human-to-animal transmission. J. clin. Microbiol. 37, 1459-1463.
45. Strommenger, B., Kehrenberg, C., Kettlitz, C., Cuny, C., Verspohl, J., Witte, W. and Schwarz, S. (2006) Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from pet animals and their relationship to human isolates. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 57, 461-465.
46. Tokateloff, N., Manning, S.T., Weese, J.S., Campbell, J., Rothenburger, J., Stephen, C., Bastura, V., Gow, S.P. and Reid-Smith, R. (2009) Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in horses in Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. Can. vet. J. Rev. vet. Can. 50, 1177-1180.
47. Van Duijkeren, E., van Asten, A. and Gaastra, W. (2000) Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from adult horses with and without enteritis. Vet. Quart. 22, 162-166.
48. Van Duijkeren, E., Moleman, M., Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M., Multem, J., Troelstra, A., Fluit, A.C., van Wamel, W.J.B., Houwers, D.J., de Neeling, A.J. and Wagenaar, J.A. (2010) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse personnel: an investigation of several outbreaks. Vet. Microbiol. 141, 96-102.
49. Vannuffel, P., Gigi, J., Ezzedine, H., Vandercam, B., Delmee, M., Wauters, G. and Gala, J.L. (1995) Specific detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species by multiplex PCR. J. clin. Microbiol. 33, 2864-2867.
50. Vo, A.T.T., van Duijkeren, E., Fluit, A.C. and Gaastra, W. (2007) Characteristics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from horses. Vet. Microbiol. 124, 248-255.
51. Ward, M.P., Brady, T.H., Couetil, L.L., Liljebjelke, K., Maurer, J.J. and Wu, C.C. (2005) Investigation and control of an outbreak of salmonellosis caused by multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium in a population of hospitalized horses. Vet. Microbiol. 107, 233-240.
52. Weese, J.S., Archambault, M., Willey, B.M., Hearn, P., Kreiswirth, B.N., Said-Salim, B., McGeer, A., Likhoshvay, Y., Prescott, J.F. and Low, D.E. (2005) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse personnel, 2000-2002. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11, 430-435.