메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 62, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 315-329

Social Media and the Activist Toolkit: User Agreements, Corporate Interests, and the Information Infrastructure of Modern Social Movements

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRACY; INFORMATION POLICY; INTERNET; MASS MEDIA; SOCIAL MOVEMENT; SOCIAL NETWORK;

EID: 84859346200     PISSN: 00219916     EISSN: 14602466     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01636.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (212)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 61049297771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking the state out of state-media relations theory: How transnational advocacy networks are rewriting (some of) the rules about what we think we know about news and politics.
    • DOI: 10.1177/ 1750635207087630
    • Aday, S., & Livingston, S. (2008). Taking the state out of state-media relations theory: How transnational advocacy networks are rewriting (some of) the rules about what we think we know about news and politics. Media, War, and Conflict, 1(1), 99-107. DOI: 10.1177/ 1750635207087630
    • (2008) Media, War, and Conflict , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-107
    • Aday, S.1    Livingston, S.2
  • 2
    • 84859347813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 13). Syrian lesbian blogger is revealed conclusively to be a married man. The Guardian (UK). Retrieved from
    • Addley, E. (2011, June 13). Syrian lesbian blogger is revealed conclusively to be a married man. The Guardian (UK). Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Addley, E.1
  • 3
    • 84859368521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • August 3). Syrian uprising expands despite absence of leaders. Npr.org. Retrieved from
    • Amos, D. (2011, August 3). Syrian uprising expands despite absence of leaders. Npr.org. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Amos, D.1
  • 4
    • 84865428942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demystifying the Arab spring: Parsing the differences between Tunisia, Egypt and Libya.
    • Anderson, L. (2011). Demystifying the Arab spring: Parsing the differences between Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Foreign Affairs, 90(3), 2-7.
    • (2011) Foreign Affairs , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 2-7
    • Anderson, L.1
  • 5
    • 84857988072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Egyptian experience: Sense and nonsense of the Internet revolution.
    • Aouragh, M., & Anderson, A. (2011). The Egyptian experience: Sense and nonsense of the Internet revolution. International Journal of Communication, 5, 1344-1358.
    • (2011) International Journal of Communication , vol.5 , pp. 1344-1358
    • Aouragh, M.1    Anderson, A.2
  • 6
    • 38549135500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New media and old agendas: The Internet in the Middle East and Middle Eastern Studies.
    • DOI: 10.1017/S0020743807071048
    • Armbrust, W. (2007). New media and old agendas: The Internet in the Middle East and Middle Eastern Studies. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 39(4), 531-533. DOI: 10.1017/S0020743807071048
    • (2007) International Journal of Middle East Studies , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 531-533
    • Armbrust, W.1
  • 7
    • 84859347810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). Speech of H.E. President Bashar al-Assad at Damascus University on the situation in Syria. Damascus, Syria. Retrieved from
    • al-Assad, B. (2011, June 21). Speech of H.E. President Bashar al-Assad at Damascus University on the situation in Syria. Damascus, Syria. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Al-Assad, B.1
  • 8
    • 84859368526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • January 4). Iran uses Internet as tool against protesters. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from
    • Athanasiadis, I. (2010, January 4). Iran uses Internet as tool against protesters. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from
    • (2010)
    • Athanasiadis, I.1
  • 9
    • 15244348416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New media power: The Internet and global activism.
    • In Couldry, N. & J. Curran (Eds.), pp. -).Oxford, England: Rowman and Littlefield.
    • Bennett, W. L. (2003). New media power: The Internet and global activism. In Couldry, N. & J. Curran (Eds.), Contesting media power (pp. 17-38).Oxford, England: Rowman and Littlefield.
    • (2003) Contesting media power , pp. 17-38
    • Bennett, W.L.1
  • 10
    • 27844568169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconceptualizing collective action in the contemporary media environment.
    • DOI: 10. 1093/ct/15.4.365
    • Bimber, B., Flanagin, A., & Stohl, C. (2005). Reconceptualizing collective action in the contemporary media environment. Communication Theory, 15(4), 365-388. DOI: 10. 1093/ct/15.4.365
    • (2005) Communication Theory , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 365-388
    • Bimber, B.1    Flanagin, A.2    Stohl, C.3
  • 11
    • 84859368531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • April 6). How Sudan used the Internet to crush protest movement. McClatchy Newspapers. Retrieved from
    • Boswell, A. (2011, April 6). How Sudan used the Internet to crush protest movement. McClatchy Newspapers. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Boswell, A.1
  • 12
    • 84859344162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • December, 8). Facebook halts Beacon, gives $9.5M to settle lawsuit. PCWorld. Retrieved from
    • Brodkin, J. (2009, December, 8). Facebook halts Beacon, gives $9.5M to settle lawsuit. PCWorld. Retrieved from
    • (2009)
    • Brodkin, J.1
  • 13
    • 84859354044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • January, 21). Remarks on Internet freedom. Washington, DC. Retrieved from
    • Clinton, H. (2010, January, 21). Remarks on Internet freedom. Washington, DC. Retrieved from
    • (2010)
    • Clinton, H.1
  • 14
    • 84859347824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (, February, 7). Google executive emerges as key figure in revolt. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from
    • Coker, M., Malas, N., & Champion, M. (2011, February, 7). Google executive emerges as key figure in revolt. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Coker, M.1    Malas, N.2    Champion, M.3
  • 15
    • 84859344191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Libyan Disconnect. [blog]. Retrieved from
    • Cowie, J. (2011a). Libyan Disconnect. [blog]. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Cowie, J.1
  • 16
    • 84859354074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracing the Syrian blackout. [blog]. Retrieved from
    • Cowie, J. (2011b). Tracing the Syrian blackout. [blog]. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Cowie, J.1
  • 17
    • 70450206356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facebook and online privacy: Attitudes, behaviors, and unintended consequences.
    • DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01494.x
    • Debatin, B., Lovejoy, J. P., Horn, A., & Hughes, B. (2009). Facebook and online privacy: Attitudes, behaviors, and unintended consequences. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15, 83-108. DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01494.x
    • (2009) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.15 , pp. 83-108
    • Debatin, B.1    Lovejoy, J.P.2    Horn, A.3    Hughes, B.4
  • 19
    • 84859354069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (, 2 August) Online security in the Middle East and North Africa: A survey of perceptions, knowledge, and practice. Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. Retrieved from
    • Faris, R., Roberst, H., Heacock, R., Zuckerman, E., & Gasser, U. (2011, 2 August) Online security in the Middle East and North Africa: A survey of perceptions, knowledge, and practice. Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Faris, R.1    Roberst, H.2    Heacock, R.3    Zuckerman, E.4    Gasser, U.5
  • 20
    • 33645095196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the structure of collective action.
    • DOI: 10.1080/03637750600557099
    • Flanagin, A. J., Stohl, C., & Bimber, B. (2006). Modeling the structure of collective action. Communication Monographs, 73, 29-54. DOI: 10.1080/03637750600557099
    • (2006) Communication Monographs , vol.73 , pp. 29-54
    • Flanagin, A.J.1    Stohl, C.2    Bimber, B.3
  • 22
    • 84859299870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 30 January). The mysterious 'anonymous' behind Egypt's revolt. Newsweek. Retrieved from
    • Giglio, M. (2011, 30 January). The mysterious 'anonymous' behind Egypt's revolt. Newsweek. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Giglio, M.1
  • 23
    • 84859347818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 October). Small change. The New Yorker. Retrieved from
    • Gladwell, M. (2010, 4 October). Small change. The New Yorker. Retrieved from
    • (2010)
    • Gladwell, M.1
  • 24
    • 22744432522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation by software.
    • Grimmelmann, J. (2004). Regulation by software. Yale Law Journal, 114, 1719-1775.
    • (2004) Yale Law Journal , vol.114 , pp. 1719-1775
    • Grimmelmann, J.1
  • 25
    • 79957995331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Privacy as product safety.
    • Grimmelmann, J. (2010). Privacy as product safety. Widener Law Journal, 19, 793-827.
    • (2010) Widener Law Journal , vol.19 , pp. 793-827
    • Grimmelmann, J.1
  • 27
    • 80051637810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital media and the Arab Spring.
    • DOI: 10.1080/10714421.2011.597254
    • Howard, P. N., & Hussain, M. M. (2011). Digital media and the Arab Spring. Journal of Democracy, 22(3), 35-48. DOI: 10.1080/10714421.2011.597254
    • (2011) Journal of Democracy , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 35-48
    • Howard, P.N.1    Hussain, M.M.2
  • 28
    • 84859360490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connecting the national and the virtual: Can Facebook activism remain relevant after Egypt's January 25 uprising?
    • Iskander, E. (2011). Connecting the national and the virtual: Can Facebook activism remain relevant after Egypt's January 25 uprising? International Journal of Communication, 5, 1225-1237.
    • (2011) International Journal of Communication , vol.5 , pp. 1225-1237
    • Iskander, E.1
  • 29
    • 0001943359 scopus 로고
    • Institutions, institutional effects, and institutionalism.
    • W. W. Powell & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago.
    • Jepperson, R. (1991). Institutions, institutional effects, and institutionalism. In W. W. Powell & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (pp. 143-163).Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago.
    • (1991) The new institutionalism in organizational analysis , pp. 143-163
    • Jepperson, R.1
  • 30
    • 84859299872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • September 27). Syria wages cyber warfare as websites hacked. Associated Press. Retrieved from
    • Karam, Z. (2011, September 27). Syria wages cyber warfare as websites hacked. Associated Press. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Karam, Z.1
  • 31
    • 84904300523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Between a rock and a cell phone: Social media use during mass protests in Iran, Tunisia and Egypt. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction DOI: 10.1145/0000000.0000000
    • Kavanaugh, A., Yang, S., Sheetz, S., Li, L. T., & Fox, E. A. (2011). Between a rock and a cell phone: Social media use during mass protests in Iran, Tunisia and Egypt. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction DOI: 10.1145/0000000.0000000
    • (2011)
    • Kavanaugh, A.1    Yang, S.2    Sheetz, S.3    Li, L.T.4    Fox, E.A.5
  • 33
    • 84859368534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyberactivism in the Egyptian revolution: How civic engagement and citizen journalism. Arab Media and Society, Retrieved from
    • Khamis, S., & Vaughn, K. (2011). Cyberactivism in the Egyptian revolution: How civic engagement and citizen journalism. Arab Media and Society, 13. Retrieved from
    • (2011) , vol.13
    • Khamis, S.1    Vaughn, K.2
  • 34
    • 84859368533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • March 7). Sites like Twitter absent from free speech pact.
    • Kopytoff, V. G. (2011, March 7). Sites like Twitter absent from free speech pact. The New York Times, B4.
    • (2011) The New York Times , vol.B4
    • Kopytoff, V.G.1
  • 37
    • 79958841997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After Egypt: The limits and promise of online challenges to the authoritarian Arab state.
    • DOI: 10.1017/S15375927 1100091
    • Lynch, M. (2011). After Egypt: The limits and promise of online challenges to the authoritarian Arab state. Perspectives on Politics, 9(2), 301-310. DOI: 10.1017/S15375927 1100091
    • (2011) Perspectives on Politics , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 301-310
    • Lynch, M.1
  • 38
    • 84859368527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shi Tao, Yahoo!, and the lessons for corporate social responsibility (Working paper). Retrieved from
    • MacKinnon, R. (2007). Shi Tao, Yahoo!, and the lessons for corporate social responsibility (Working paper). Retrieved from
    • (2007)
    • MacKinnon, R.1
  • 39
    • 84859368532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • May 29). More problems in Facebookistan. [blog]. Retrieved from
    • MacKinnon, R. (2010, May 29). More problems in Facebookistan. [blog]. Retrieved from
    • (2010)
    • MacKinnon, R.1
  • 40
    • 84859354023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • July). Let's take back the Internet! TEDGlobal, Edinburgh, Scotland. Retrieved from
    • MacKinnon, R. (2011, July). Let's take back the Internet! TEDGlobal, Edinburgh, Scotland. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • MacKinnon, R.1
  • 41
    • 33745650120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collective action, institutionalism and the Internet.
    • DOI: 10.1177/1461444804039910
    • Mansell, R. (2006). Collective action, institutionalism and the Internet. Journal of Economic Issues, 40(2), 297-305. DOI: 10.1177/1461444804039910
    • (2006) Journal of Economic Issues , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 297-305
    • Mansell, R.1
  • 42
    • 80051648092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Road to (and from) Liberation Square.
    • Masoud, T. (2011). The Road to (and from) Liberation Square. Journal of Democracy, 22(3), 20-34.
    • (2011) Journal of Democracy , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 20-34
    • Masoud, T.1
  • 43
    • 84859368523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • May 31). YouTube reinstates blocked video of child allegedly tortured in Syria. The Nation. Retrieved from
    • Melber, A. (2011, May 31). YouTube reinstates blocked video of child allegedly tortured in Syria. The Nation. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Melber, A.1
  • 45
    • 84859354033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex, social mores, and keyword filtering: Microsoft Bing in 'Arabian Countries'. OpenNet Initiative Bulletin. Retrieved from
    • Noman, H. (2010). Sex, social mores, and keyword filtering: Microsoft Bing in 'Arabian Countries'. OpenNet Initiative Bulletin. Retrieved from
    • (2010)
    • Noman, H.1
  • 46
    • 84859347815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of open and organized pro-government cyber attacks in the Middle East: The case of the Syrian Electronic Army. Information Warfare Monitor. Retrieved from
    • Noman, H. (2011). The emergence of open and organized pro-government cyber attacks in the Middle East: The case of the Syrian Electronic Army. Information Warfare Monitor. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Noman, H.1
  • 47
    • 84859354038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egypt's Internet block aims at social media. Computerworld, January 28. Retrieved from
    • Perez, J. C. (2011). Egypt's Internet block aims at social media. Computerworld, January 28. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Perez, J.C.1
  • 48
    • 84859299863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • September 4). Naming names on the Internet. The New York Times. Retrieved from
    • Pfanner, E. (2011, September 4). Naming names on the Internet. The New York Times. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Pfanner, E.1
  • 49
    • 84859354028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • May 6). YouTube is managing graphic, violent videos from the Middle East with community help. Business Insider. Retrieved from
    • Plesser, A. (2011, May 6). YouTube is managing graphic, violent videos from the Middle East with community help. Business Insider. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Plesser, A.1
  • 50
    • 84859354037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • August 6). Fear of arrest. [blog]. Retrieved from
    • Sayed, H. (2011, August 6). Fear of arrest. [blog]. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Sayed, H.1
  • 51
    • 80052595699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social media and the organization of collective action: Using Twitter to explore the ecologies of two climate change protests.
    • DOI: 10.1080/10714421.2011.59725
    • Segerberg, A., & Bennett, W. L. (2011). Social media and the organization of collective action: Using Twitter to explore the ecologies of two climate change protests. The Communication Review, 14(3), 197-215. DOI: 10.1080/10714421.2011.59725
    • (2011) The Communication Review , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-215
    • Segerberg, A.1    Bennett, W.L.2
  • 53
    • 79958831866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The political power of social media.
    • Shirky, C. (2011). The political power of social media. Foreign Affairs, 90(1), 28-41.
    • (2011) Foreign Affairs , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-41
    • Shirky, C.1
  • 54
    • 84859299862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • February 29). Facebook denies role in Morocco arrest. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from
    • Vara, V. (2008, February 29). Facebook denies role in Morocco arrest. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from
    • (2008)
    • Vara, V.1
  • 55
    • 21344455275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloggers' expectations of privacy and accountability: An initial survey.
    • article 12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-6101. 2005.tb00260.x
    • Viégas, F. B. (2005). Bloggers' expectations of privacy and accountability: An initial survey. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(3), article 12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-6101. 2005.tb00260.x
    • (2005) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.10 , Issue.3
    • Viégas, F.B.1
  • 56
    • 84859299860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nameless in cyberspace: Anonymity on the Internet. Cato Institute Briefing Papers, No. 54, December 8. Retrieved from
    • Wallace, J. D. (1999). Nameless in cyberspace: Anonymity on the Internet. Cato Institute Briefing Papers, No. 54, December 8. Retrieved from
    • (1999)
    • Wallace, J.D.1
  • 57
    • 84859358865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital media in the Egyptian revolution: Descriptive analysis from the Tahrir data sets.
    • Wilson, C., & Dunn, A. (2011). Digital media in the Egyptian revolution: Descriptive analysis from the Tahrir data sets. International Journal of Communication, 5, 1248-1272.
    • (2011) International Journal of Communication , vol.5 , pp. 1248-1272
    • Wilson, C.1    Dunn, A.2
  • 58
    • 84859299865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underground in Beirut. Boston Review. August, 1. Retrieved from
    • Wood, J. (2011). Underground in Beirut. Boston Review. August, 1. Retrieved from
    • (2011)
    • Wood, J.1
  • 60
    • 84859347816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing content in the quasi-public sphere. OpenNet Initiative Bulletin. Retrieved from
    • York, J. (2010). Policing content in the quasi-public sphere. OpenNet Initiative Bulletin. Retrieved from
    • (2010)
    • York, J.1
  • 61
    • 84889942637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • November, 30). Where anonymity breeds contempt.
    • Zhuo, J. (2010, November, 30). Where anonymity breeds contempt. The New York Times, A31.
    • (2010) The New York Times , vol.A31
    • Zhuo, J.1
  • 62
    • 84859354035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • May 6). How to get what we all want. Cato Institute [blog]. Retrieved from
    • Zittrain, J. (2009, May 6). How to get what we all want. Cato Institute [blog]. Retrieved from
    • (2009)
    • Zittrain, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.