Turkey and Iraq: The making of a partnership

Turkish Studies

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 663-674

  Barkey, Henri J ^a  

^a LEHIGH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859221529     PISSN: 14683849     EISSN: 17439663     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2011.622508     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Bilgay Duman, "Ba̧bakan Erdoǧan'i{dotless}n Irak Ziyareti'nin Ardi{dotless}ndan," ORSAM (Ortadogu Stratejik Arastirmalar Merkezi), April 1, 2011. http://www.orsam.org.tr/tr/yazigoster.aspx?ID=1690.
2. Phebe Marr, The Modern History of Iraq (Boulder: Westview Press, 2nd ed., 2004), p. 75.
3. Iraqis, by contrast, were always cognizant of possible Turkish territorial ambitions in northern Iraq, see Charles Tripp, A History of Iraq (New York: Cambridge University Press, 3rd ed., 2007), pp. 115-6.
4. For a more comprehensive analysis of this period, please see Henri J. Barkey, Turkey and Iraq the Perils (and Prospects) of Proximity (US Institute of Peace Special Report No. 141, 2005) and Turkey's New Engagement in Iraq Embracing Iraqi Kurdistan (US Institute of Peace Special Report No. 237, 2010).
5. Yasemin Çongar, "Kuşti{dotless}lmi{dotless}̧li{dotless}k ve 'dinamik guçler," Milliyet, February 19, 2007.
6. Kemal Kiri̧ci, "The Transformation of Turkish Foreign Policy: The Rise of the Trading State," New Perspectives on Turkey, No. 40 (Spring 2009), pp. 29-57.
7. Meliha Benli Altunisik, "Worldviews and Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East," New Perspectives on Turkey, No. 40 (Spring 2009), pp. 188-9.
8. Davutoǧlu in an interview reiterated the centrality of Iraq in Turkish foreign policy, Amberin Zaman, "Ahmet Davutoǧlu," Haberturk, July 24, 2009.
9. By 2007, there were some 1200 Turkish companies operating in the KRG, primarily in construction, generating some $2 billion in business, Serpil Yilmaz, "Turks are Reconstructing Northern Iraq," Turkish Daily News, April 12-19, 2007.
10. On the other hand, controversies and lack of transparency regarding the military's lack of preparedness in the face of PKK attacks, especially an October 2008 cross border operation that led to the deaths of 13 soldiers, helped undermine the military's stranglehold on KRG policy, Burhan Ekinci, "Heŗey Daǧli{dotless}ca'yla Basladi{dotless}," Taraf, February 11, 2009.
11. Murat Yetkin, "Irak Kurtleriyle Yeni bir Sayfa," Radikal, October 31, 2009. Even though Davutolu strenuously denied that the opening of the consulate amounted to a recognition of the KRG, in reality, this clearly was the case.
12. This was reminiscent of Talabani's 1993 efforts at convincing the PKK to announce a unilateral ceasefire.
13. Iraqi President and Kurdish leader Talabani, for instance, complained that it was far too early for the Kurdish municipalities demand for the use of both Turkish and Kurdish. The Turkish Kurdish leader Selahattin Demirta̧ was quick to respond by suggesting that Talabani stay out of their internal issues, Radikal, December 25, 2010.
14. Murat Yetkin, "Turkiye, Irak, Suriye istihbarati{dotless} Ankara'da toplandi{dotless}," Radikal, September 16, 2009.
15. A Zaman, "Ahmet Davutoǧlu," Haberturk, July 24, 2009.
16. Turkish Foreign Trade Ministry, http://www.dtm.gov.tr/dtmadmin/upload/ANL/OrtaDoguDb/Irak.pdf.
17. Sean Kaye, The Coming Turkish-Iranian Competition in Iraq (US Institute of Peace Special Report No. 276, 2011), p. 12-18.
18. For details see, Alyob Mawlood, "Iraq's Largest Gas Field Discovered in Kurdistan," Kurdistan Globe, January 30, 2011.
19. Katinka Barysch, Should the Nabucco Pipeline be Shelved? (London: Center for European Reform, May 2010).
20. Taha Akyol, "Nabucco'ya 6 imza," Milliyet, June 10, 2011.
21. Ariel Farrar-Welmann and Robert Frasco, "Iraq-Iran Foreign Relations," Iran Tracker, July 29, 2010 http://www.irantracker.org/foreign-relations/iraq-iran-foreign-relations and http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/04/25/us-iraq-iran-trade-interview-idUSTRE63O11U20100425.
22. Steven Lee Myers, "Vital River is Withering, and Iraq has no Answer," The New York Times, June 12, 2010.
23. UNESCO has called these the first climate change refugees. "Crise dans le nord de L'Irak," Diplomatie 42 (Janvier-Fevrier, 2010).
24. Statement by Iraqi government spokesman, Ali Dabbagh, "Baghdad Slams Turkey's Water Policy," Hurriyet Daily News, May 25, 2011.
25. A 1997 UN Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Water-courses, which Turkey has refused to sign, has yet to receive the requisite number of signatures to be ratified.
26. Marwa Daoudy, "Asymmetric Power: Negotiating Water in the Euphrates and Tigris," International Negotiation, Vol. 14 (2009), p. 383.