Strategies for modulating the inflammatory response after decompression from abdominal compartment syndrome

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

Volumn 20, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Shah, Shinil K ^a,b   Jimenez, Fernando ^a   Letourneau, Phillip A ^a   Walker, Peter A ^a   Moore Olufemi, Stacey D ^a,b   Stewart, Randolph H ^b   Laine, Glen A ^b   Cox Jr, Charles S ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Compartment syndromes; Decompression; Laparotomy; Negative pressure dressings; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Indexed keywords

ABDOMEN; DECOMPRESSION SURGERY; HUMAN; INTRAABDOMINAL HYPERTENSION; LAPAROTOMY; METHODOLOGY; PERITONEAL CAVITY; PERITONITIS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW;

ABDOMEN; ABDOMINAL CAVITY; DECOMPRESSION, SURGICAL; HUMANS; INTRA-ABDOMINAL HYPERTENSION; LAPAROTOMY; PERITONITIS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC;

EID: 84859205726     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17577241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1757-7241-20-25     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Schecter WP, Ivatury RR, Rotondo MF, Hirshberg A. Open abdomen after trauma and abdominal sepsis: a strategy for management. J Am Coll Surg 2006, 203:390-396. 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.06.001, 16931311.
2. Ivatury RR. Update on open abdomen management: achievements and challenges. World J Surg 2009, 33:1150-1153. 10.1007/s00268-009-0005-7, 19350323.
3. Balogh Z, McKinley BA, Cox CS, Allen SJ, Cocanour CS, Kozar RA, Moore EE, Miller IC, Weisbrodt NW, Moore FA. Abdominal compartment syndrome: the cause or effect of postinjury multiple organ failure. Shock 2003, 20:483-492. 10.1097/01.shk.0000093346.68755.43, 14625470.
4. Malbrain ML, Cheatham ML, Kirkpatrick A, Sugrue M, Parr M, De Waele J, Balogh Z, Leppaniemi A, Olvera C, Ivatury R, et al. Results from the International Conference of Experts on Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. I. Definitions. Intensive Care Med 2006, 32:1722-1732. 10.1007/s00134-006-0349-5, 16967294.
5. Cheatham ML, Malbrain ML, Kirkpatrick A, Sugrue M, Parr M, De Waele J, Balogh Z, Leppaniemi A, Olvera C, Ivatury R, et al. Results from the International Conference of Experts on Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. II. Recommendations. Intensive Care Med 2007, 33:951-962. 10.1007/s00134-007-0592-4, 17377769.
6. Balogh ZJ, van Wessem K, Yoshino O, Moore FA. Postinjury abdominal compartment syndrome: are we winning the battle?. World J Surg 2009, 33:1134-1141. 10.1007/s00268-009-0002-x, 19343417.
7. Carter EA, Tompkins RG, Yarmush ML, Walker WA, Burke JF. Redistribution of blood flow after thermal injury and hemorrhagic shock. J Appl Physiol 1988, 65:1782-1788.
8. Scannell G, Clark L, Waxman K. Regional flow during experimental hemorrhage and crystalloid resuscitation: persistence of low flow to the splanchnic organs. Resuscitation 1992, 23:217-225. 10.1016/0300-9572(92)90005-W, 1321481.
9. Malbrain ML, De Laet I. AIDS is coming to your ICU: be prepared for acute bowel injury and acute intestinal distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2008, 34:1565-1569. 10.1007/s00134-008-1135-3, 18446318.
10. Otamiri T, Tagesson C. Role of phospholipase A2 and oxygenated free radicals in mucosal damage after small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Am J Surg 1989, 157:562-565. discussion 566, 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90699-5, 2543228.
11. Szabo A, Boros M, Kaszaki J, Nagy S. The role of mast cells in mucosal permeability changes during ischemia-reperfusion injury of the small intestine. Shock 1997, 8:284-291. 10.1097/00024382-199710000-00008, 9329130.
12. Sun Z, Wang X, Deng X, Lasson A, Wallen R, Hallberg E, Andersson R. The influence of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion on bidirectional intestinal barrier permeability, cellular membrane integrity, proteinase inhibitors, and cell death in rats. Shock 1998, 10:203-212. 10.1097/00024382-199809000-00009, 9744649.
13. Sun Z, Wang X, Lasson A, Borjesson A, Leveau P, Haraldsen P, Andersson R. Roles of platelet-activating factor, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by mesenteric arterial ischemia and reperfusion. J Surg Res 1999, 87:90-100. 10.1006/jsre.1999.5746, 10527709.
14. Sun Z, Lasson A, Olanders K, Deng X, Andersson R. Gut barrier permeability, reticuloendothelial system function and protease inhibitor levels following intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion-effects of pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and indomethacin. Dig Liver Dis 2002, 34:560-569. 10.1016/S1590-8658(02)80089-5, 12502212.
15. Oktar BK, Gulpinar MA, Bozkurt A, Ghandour S, Cetinel S, Moini H, Yegen BC, Bilsel S, Granger DN, Kurtel H. Endothelin receptor blockers reduce I/R-induced intestinal mucosal injury: role of blood flow. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002, 282:G647-655.
16. Caty MG, Guice KS, Oldham KT, Remick DG, Kunkel SI. Evidence for tumor necrosis factor-induced pulmonary microvascular injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ann Surg 1990, 212:694-700. 10.1097/00000658-199012000-00007, 1358254, 2175168.
17. Wyble CW, Desai TR, Clark ET, Hynes KL, Gewertz BL. Physiologic concentrations of TNFalpha and IL-1beta released from reperfused human intestine upregulate E-selectin and ICAM-1. J Surg Res 1996, 63:333-338. 10.1006/jsre.1996.0271, 8661221.
18. Soares AL, Coelho FR, Guabiraba R, Kamal M, Vargaftig BB, Li L, Li J, Tavares-de-Lima W, Ryffel B. Tumor necrosis factor is not associated with intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung inflammation. Shock 34:306-313.
19. Yang YJ, Chen SH, Ge XR. Role of interleukin-18 in the development of acute pulmonary injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion and its possible mechanism. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007, 22:253-260. 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04612.x, 17295880.
20. Ishii H, Ishibashi M, Takayama M, Nishida T, Yoshida M. The role of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 in neutrophil-mediated remote lung injury after intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion in rats. Respirology 2000, 5:325-331.
21. Carter MB, Wilson MA, Wead WB, Garrison RN. Platelet-activating factor mediates pulmonary macromolecular leak following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. J Surg Res 1996, 60:403-408. 10.1006/jsre.1996.0066, 8598677.
22. Koike K, Moore EE, Moore FA, Kim FJ, Carl VS, Banerjee A. Gut phospholipase A2 mediates neutrophil priming and lung injury after mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol 1995, 268:G397-403.
23. Victoni T, Coelho FR, Soares AL, de Freitas A, Secher T, Guabiraba R, Erard F, de Oliveira-Filho RM, Vargaftig BB, Lauvaux G, et al. Local and remote tissue injury upon intestinal ischemia and reperfusion depends on the TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway. Med Microbiol Immunol 199:35-42.
24. Moraes LB, Murakami AH, Fontes B, Poggetti RS, van Rooijen N, Younes RN, Heimbecker AM, Birolini D. Gut ischemia/reperfusion induced acute lung injury is an alveolar macrophage dependent event. J Trauma 2008, 64:1196-1200. discussion 1200-1191, 10.1097/TA.0b013e31816c5ca6, 18469641.
25. Uchida K, Mishima S, Ohta S, Yukioka T. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase ameliorates lung injury in rats after gut ischemia-reperfusion. J Trauma 2007, 63:603-607. 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181271b0b, 18073607.
26. Tian XF, Yao JH, Li YH, Zhang XS, Feng BA, Yang CM, Zheng SS. Effect of nuclear factor kappa B on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and neutrophil infiltration in lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2006, 12:388-392.
27. Wada K, Montalto MC, Stahl GL. Inhibition of complement C5 reduces local and remote organ injury after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in the rat. Gastroenterology 2001, 120:126-133. 10.1053/gast.2001.20873, 11208721.
28. Mitsuoka H, Unno N, Sakurai T, Kaneko H, Suzuki S, Konno H, Terakawa S, Nakamura S. Pathophysiological role of endothelins in pulmonary microcirculatory disorders due to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. J Surg Res 1999, 87:143-151. 10.1006/jsre.1999.5694, 10600343.
29. Hierholzer C, Kalff JC, Audolfsson G, Billiar TR, Tweardy DJ, Bauer AJ. Molecular and functional contractile sequelae of rat intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Transplantation 1999, 68:1244-1254. 10.1097/00007890-199911150-00006, 10573059.
30. Hassoun HT, Weisbrodt NW, Mercer DW, Kozar RA, Moody FG, Moore FA. Inducible nitric oxide synthase mediates gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced ileus only after severe insults. J Surg Res 2001, 97:150-154. 10.1006/jsre.2001.6140, 11341791.
31. Livingston EH, Passaro EP. Postoperative ileus. Dig Dis Sci 1990, 35:121-132. 10.1007/BF01537233, 2403907.
32. Gracias VH, Braslow B, Johnson J, Pryor J, Gupta R, Reilly P, Schwab CW. Abdominal compartment syndrome in the open abdomen. Arch Surg 2002, 137:1298-1300. 10.1001/archsurg.137.11.1298, 12413323.
33. Madigan MC, Kemp CD, Johnson JC, Cotton BA. Secondary abdominal compartment syndrome after severe extremity injury: are early, aggressive fluid resuscitation strategies to blame?. J Trauma 2008, 64:280-285. 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181622bb6, 18301187.
34. O'Mara MS, Slater H, Goldfarb IW, Caushaj PF. A prospective, randomized evaluation of intra-abdominal pressures with crystalloid and colloid resuscitation in burn patients. J Trauma 2005, 58:1011-1018. 10.1097/01.TA.0000162732.39083.15, 15920417.
35. Rodas EB, Malhotra AK, Chhitwal R, Aboutanos MB, Duane TM, Ivatury RR. Hyperacute abdominal compartment syndrome: an unrecognized complication of massive intraoperative resuscitation for extra-abdominal injuries. Am Surg 2005, 71:977-981.
36. Balogh Z, McKinley BA, Cocanour CS, Kozar RA, Holcomb JB, Ware DN, Moore FA. Secondary abdominal compartment syndrome is an elusive early complication of traumatic shock resuscitation. Am J Surg 2002, 184:538-543. discussion 543-534, 10.1016/S0002-9610(02)01050-4, 12488160.
37. Fleming A, Bishop M, Shoemaker W, Appel P, Sufficool W, Kuvhenguwha A, Kennedy F, Wo CJ. Prospective trial of supranormal values as goals of resuscitation in severe trauma. Arch Surg 1992, 127:1175-1179. discussion 1179-1181, 10.1001/archsurg.1992.01420100033006, 1417482.
38. Bishop MH, Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Wo CJ, Zwick C, Kram HB, Meade P, Kennedy F, Fleming AW. Relationship between supranormal circulatory values, time delays, and outcome in severely traumatized patients. Crit Care Med 1993, 21:56-63. 10.1097/00003246-199301000-00013, 8420731.
39. Ivy ME, Atweh NA, Palmer J, Possenti PP, Pineau M, D'Aiuto M. Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in burn patients. J Trauma 2000, 49:387-391. 10.1097/00005373-200009000-00001, 11003313.
40. Weinstein PD, Doerfler ME. Systemic complications of fluid resuscitation. Crit Care Clin 1992, 8:439-448.
41. Davis MJ, Gore RW. Capillary pressures in rat intestinal muscle and mucosal villi during venous pressure elevation. Am J Physiol 1985, 249:H174-187.
42. Staub NC, Taylor AE. Edema 1984, New York: Raven Press.
43. Laine GA, Allen SJ, Katz J, Gabel JC, Drake RE. Outflow pressure reduces lymph flow rate from various tissues. Microvasc Res 1987, 33:135-142. 10.1016/0026-2862(87)90012-4, 3561263.
44. Stewart RH, Laine GA. Flow in lymphatic networks: interaction between hepatic and intestinal lymph vessels. Microcirculation 2001, 8:221-227.
45. Shah SK, Uray KS, Stewart RH, Laine GA, Cox CS. Resuscitation-induced intestinal edema and related dysfunction: state of the science. J Surg Res 166:120-130.
46. Cox CS, Radhakrishnan R, Villarrubia L, Xue H, Uray K, Gill BS, Stewart RH, Laine GA. Hypertonic saline modulation of intestinal tissue stress and fluid balance. Shock 2008, 29:598-602.
47. Moore-Olufemi SD, Xue H, Attuwaybi BO, Fischer U, Harari Y, Oliver DH, Weisbrodt N, Allen SJ, Moore FA, Stewart R, et al. Resuscitation-induced gut edema and intestinal dysfunction. J Trauma 2005, 58:264-270. 10.1097/01.TA.0000133571.64393.D2, 15706186.
48. Drake RE, Teague RA, Gabel JC. Lymphatic drainage reduces intestinal edema and fluid loss. Lymphology 1998, 31:68-73.
49. Unthank JL, Bohlen HG. Lymphatic pathways and role of valves in lymph propulsion from small intestine. Am J Physiol 1988, 254:G389-398.
50. Moore-Olufemi SD, Xue H, Allen SJ, Moore FA, Stewart RH, Laine GA, Cox CS. Effects of primary and secondary intra-abdominal hypertension on mesenteric lymph flow: implications for the abdominal compartment syndrome. Shock 2005, 23:571-575.
51. Upperman JS, Deitch EA, Guo W, Lu Q, Xu D. Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph is cytotoxic to endothelial cells and activates neutrophils. Shock 1998, 10:407-414. 10.1097/00024382-199812000-00005, 9872679.
52. Zallen G, Moore EE, Tamura DY, Johnson JL, Biffl WL, Silliman CC. Hypertonic saline resuscitation abrogates neutrophil priming by mesenteric lymph. J Trauma 2000, 48:45-48. 10.1097/00005373-200001000-00008, 10647564.
53. Adams CA, Sambol JT, Xu DZ, Lu Q, Granger DN, Deitch EA. Hemorrhagic shock induced up-regulation of P-selectin expression is mediated by factors in mesenteric lymph and blunted by mesenteric lymph duct interruption. J Trauma 2001, 51:625-631. discussion 631-622, 10.1097/00005373-200110000-00001, 11586150.
54. Adams JM, Hauser CJ, Adams CA, Xu DZ, Livingston DH, Deitch EA. Entry of gut lymph into the circulation primes rat neutrophil respiratory burst in hemorrhagic shock. Crit Care Med 2001, 29:2194-2198. 10.1097/00003246-200111000-00023, 11700422.
55. Dayal SD, Hasko G, Lu Q, Xu DZ, Caruso JM, Sambol JT, Deitch EA. Trauma/hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph upregulates adhesion molecule expression and IL-6 production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Shock 2002, 17:491-495. 10.1097/00024382-200206000-00009, 12069186.
56. Gonzalez RJ, Moore EE, Ciesla DJ, Nieto JR, Johnson JL, Silliman CC. Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph activates human pulmonary microvascular endothelium for in vitro neutrophil-mediated injury: the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. J Trauma 2003, 54:219-223. 10.1097/01.TA.0000047807.12644.95, 12579043.
57. Xu DZ, Lu Q, Adams CA, Issekutz AC, Deitch EA. Trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced up-regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules is blunted by mesenteric lymph duct ligation. Crit Care Med 2004, 32:760-765. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000114815.88622.9D, 15090959.
58. Deitch EA, Shi HP, Feketeova E, Hauser CJ, Xu DZ. Hypertonic saline resuscitation limits neutrophil activation after trauma-hemorrhagic shock. Shock 2003, 19:328-333. 10.1097/00024382-200304000-00006, 12688543.
59. Jordan JR, Moore EE, Sarin EL, Damle SS, Kashuk SB, Silliman CC, Banerjee A. Arachidonic acid in postshock mesenteric lymph induces pulmonary synthesis of leukotriene B4. J Appl Physiol 2008, 104:1161-1166. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00022.2007, 18276905.
60. Kowal-Vern A, Ortegel J, Bourdon P, Chakrin A, Latenser BA, Kimball D, Casey LC. Elevated cytokine levels in peritoneal fluid from burned patients with intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. Burns 2006, 32:563-569. 10.1016/j.burns.2005.12.010, 16766124.
61. Sagara D, Unno N, Mitsuoka H, Yamamoto N, Ishimaru K, Konno H. Transerosaly leaked gut-derived fluid activates neutrophils via phospholipase-A2 during open abdomina (sp) aortic aneurysm repair. Shock 2009, 31:43.
62. Martineau L, Shek PN. Peritoneal cytokine concentrations and survival outcome in an experimental bacterial infusion model of peritonitis. Crit Care Med 2000, 28:788-794. 10.1097/00003246-200003000-00030, 10752831.
63. Granger DN, Barrowman JA. Microcirculation of the alimentary tract I. Physiology of transcapillary fluid and solute exchange. Gastroenterology 1983, 84:846-868.
64. Tarpila E, Nystrom PO, Ihse I. The resorption of FITC-dextran 10,000 from the peritoneum in different modifications of bile-induced acute pancreatitis and in bacterial peritonitis. Int J Pancreatol 1991, 10:229-236.
65. Bokesch PM, Kapural MB, Mossad EB, Cavaglia M, Appachi E, Drummond-Webb JJ, Mee RB. Do peritoneal catheters remove pro-inflammatory cytokines after cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates?. Ann Thorac Surg 2000, 70:639-643. 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01453-3, 10969693.
66. Shah SK, Jimenez F, Walker PA, Aroom KR, Xue H, Feeley TD, Uray KS, Norbury KC, Stewart RH, Laine GA, Cox CS. A novel mechanism for neutrophil priming in trauma: Potential role of peritoneal fluid. Surgery 2010, 148:263-270. 10.1016/j.surg.2010.03.019, 2905488, 20466401.
67. Shah SK, Jimenez F, Walker PA, Xue H, Feeley TD, Uray KS, Norbury KC, Stewart RH, Laine GA, Cox CS. Peritoneal fluid: a potential mechanism of systemic neutrophil priming in experimental intra-abdominal sepsis. Am J Surg 2011,
68. Cheatham ML, Safcsak K. Percutaneous catheter decompression in the treatment of elevated intraabdominal pressure. Chest 140:1428-1435.
69. De Waele JJ, Hoste EA, Malbrain ML. Decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome--a critical analysis. Crit Care 2006, 10:R51. 10.1186/cc4870, 1550894, 16569255.
70. Morris JA, Eddy VA, Blinman TA, Rutherford EJ, Sharp KW. The staged celiotomy for trauma. Issues in unpacking and reconstruction. Ann Surg 1993, 217:576-584. discussion 584-576, 10.1097/00000658-199305010-00019, 1242849, 8489321.
71. Schachtrupp A, Wauters J, Wilmer A. What is the best animal model for ACS?. Acta Clin Belg Suppl 2007, 225-232.
72. Diebel LN, Dulchavsky SA, Wilson RF. Effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure on mesenteric arterial and intestinal mucosal blood flow. J Trauma 1992, 33:45-48. discussion 48-49, 10.1097/00005373-199207000-00010, 1635105.
73. Diebel LN, Dulchavsky SA, Brown WJ. Splanchnic ischemia and bacterial translocation in the abdominal compartment syndrome. J Trauma 1997, 43:852-855. 10.1097/00005373-199711000-00019, 9390500.
74. Rezende-Neto JB, Moore EE, Melo de Andrade MV, Teixeira MM, Lisboa FA, Arantes RM, de Souza DG, da Cunha-Melo JR. Systemic inflammatory response secondary to abdominal compartment syndrome: stage for multiple organ failure. J Trauma 2002, 53:1121-1128. 10.1097/00005373-200212000-00015, 12478038.
75. Oda J, Ivatury RR, Blocher CR, Malhotra AJ, Sugerman HJ. Amplified cytokine response and lung injury by sequential hemorrhagic shock and abdominal compartment syndrome in a laboratory model of ischemia-reperfusion. J Trauma 2002, 52:625-631. discussion 632, 10.1097/00005373-200204000-00003, 11956374.
76. Simon RJ, Friedlander MH, Ivatury RR, DiRaimo R, Machiedo GW. Hemorrhage lowers the threshold for intra-abdominal hypertension-induced pulmonary dysfunction. J Trauma 1997, 42:398-403. discussion 404-395, 10.1097/00005373-199703000-00006, 9095106.
77. Ihtiyar E, Fatih Yasar N, Erkasap N, Koken T, Tosun M, Oner S, Erkasap S. Effects of Doxycycline on Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induced by Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. J Surg Res 2009,
78. Kacmaz A, Polat A, User Y, Tilki M, Ozkan S, Sener G. Octreotide improves reperfusion-induced oxidative injury in acute abdominal hypertension in rats. J Gastrointest Surg 2004, 8:113-119. 10.1016/j.gassur.2003.09.026, 14746843.
79. Hirshberg A, Wall MJ, Mattox KL. Planned reoperation for trauma: a two year experience with 124 consecutive patients. J Trauma 1994, 37:365-369. 10.1097/00005373-199409000-00005, 8083894.
80. Rutherford EJ, Skeete DA, Brasel KJ. Management of the patient with an open abdomen: techniques in temporary and definitive closure. Curr Probl Surg 2004, 41:815-876. 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2004.08.004, 15685140.
81. Brock WB, Barker DE, Burns RP. Temporary closure of open abdominal wounds: the vacuum pack. Am Surg 1995, 61:30-35.
82. Perez A, Hilvano S. Abdominal zippers for temporary abdominal closure in planned relaparotomies for peripancreatic sepsis: experience in a developing country. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2001, 8:449-452. 10.1007/PL00009959, 11702255.
83. Navsaria PH, Bunting M, Omoshoro-Jones J, Nicol AJ, Kahn D. Temporary closure of open abdominal wounds by the modified sandwich-vacuum pack technique. Br J Surg 2003, 90:718-722. 10.1002/bjs.4101, 12808621.
84. Wittmann DH, Aprahamian C, Bergstein JM, Edmiston CE, Frantzides CT, Quebbeman EJ, Condon RE. A burr-like device to facilitate temporary abdominal closure in planned multiple laparotomies. Eur J Surg 1993, 159:75-79.
85. Ercan F, Korkmaz A, Aras N. The zipper-mesh method for treating delayed generalized peritonitis. Surg Today 1993, 23:205-214. 10.1007/BF00309229, 8467171.
86. Cuesta MA, Doblas M, Castaneda L, Bengoechea E. Sequential abdominal reexploration with the zipper technique. World J Surg 1991, 15:74-80. 10.1007/BF01658968, 1994610.
87. Hadeed JG, Staman GW, Sariol HS, Kumar S, Ross SE. Delayed primary closure in damage control laparotomy: the value of the Wittmann patch. Am Surg 2007, 73:10-12.
88. Howdieshell TR, Yeh KA, Hawkins ML, Cue JI. Temporary abdominal wall closure in trauma patients: indications, technique, and results. World J Surg 1995, 19:154-158. 10.1007/BF00317004, 7740804.
89. Boele van Hensbroek P, Wind J, Dijkgraaf MG, Busch OR, Carel Goslings J. Temporary closure of the open abdomen: a systematic review on delayed primary fascial closure in patients with an open abdomen. World J Surg 2009, 33:199-207. 10.1007/s00268-008-9867-3, 3259401, 19089494.
90. Hirshberg A, Mattox KL. Planned reoperation for severe trauma. Ann Surg 1995, 222:3-8. 10.1097/00000658-199507000-00002, 1234748, 7618965.
91. Myers JA, Latenser BA. Nonoperative progressive "Bogota bag" closure after abdominal decompression. Am Surg 2002, 68:1029-1030.
92. Schein M. Planned reoperations and open management in critical intra-abdominal infections: prospective experience in 52 cases. World J Surg 1991, 15:537-545. 10.1007/BF01675658, 1832509.
93. Barker DE, Kaufman HJ, Smith LA, Ciraulo DL, Richart CL, Burns RP. Vacuum pack technique of temporary abdominal closure: a 7-year experience with 112 patients. J Trauma 2000, 48:201-206. discussion 206-207, 10.1097/00005373-200002000-00001, 10697075.
94. Smith LA, Barker DE, Chase CW, Somberg LB, Brock WB, Burns RP. Vacuum pack technique of temporary abdominal closure: a four-year experience. Am Surg 1997, 63:1102-1107. discussion 1107-1108.
95. Wilde JM, Loudon MA. Modified Opsite sandwich for temporary abdominal closure: a non-traumatic experience. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007, 89:57-61. 10.1308/003588407X155446, 1963556, 17316524.
96. Chin PK, Dunn J. Temporary abdominal wall closure using a sterile drape technique. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2006, 88:319-320. 1963659, 17390516.
97. Keramati M, Srivastava A, Sakabu S, Rumbolo P, Smock M, Pollack J, Troop B. The Wittmann Patch s a temporary abdominal closure device after decompressive celiotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome following burn. Burns 2008, 34:493-497. 10.1016/j.burns.2007.06.024, 17949916.
98. Garner GB, Ware DN, Cocanour CS, Duke JH, McKinley BA, Kozar RA, Moore FA. Vacuum-assisted wound closure provides early fascial reapproximation in trauma patients with open abdomens. Am J Surg 2001, 182:630-638. 10.1016/S0002-9610(01)00786-3, 11839329.
99. Cothren CC, Moore EE, Johnson JL, Moore JB, Burch JM. One hundred percent fascial approximation with sequential abdominal closure of the open abdomen. Am J Surg 2006, 192:238-242. 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.04.010, 16860637.
100. Petersson U, Acosta S, Bjorck M. Vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction-a novel technique for late closure of the open abdomen. World J Surg 2007, 31:2133-2137. 10.1007/s00268-007-9222-0, 17879112.
101. Bee TK, Croce MA, Magnotti LJ, Zarzaur BL, Maish GO, Minard G, Schroeppel TJ, Fabian TC. Temporary abdominal closure techniques: a prospective randomized trial comparing polyglactin 910 mesh and vacuum-assisted closure. J Trauma 2008, 65:337-342. discussion 342-334, 10.1097/TA.0b013e31817fa451, 18695468.
102. Benninger E, Labler L, Seifert B, Trentz O, Menger MD, Meier C. In vitro comparison of intra-abdominal hypertension development after different temporary abdominal closure techniques. J Surg Res 2008, 144:102-106. 10.1016/j.jss.2007.02.021, 17764694.
103. Benninger E, Laschke MW, Cardell M, Keel M, Seifert B, Trentz O, Menger MD, Meier C. Intra-abdominal pressure development after different temporary abdominal closure techniques in a porcine model. J Trauma 2009, 66:1118-1124. 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181820d94, 19359923.
104. Batacchi S, Matano S, Nella A, Zagli G, Bonizzoli M, Pasquini A, Anichini V, Tucci V, Manca G, Ban K, et al. Vacuum-assisted closure device enhances recovery of critically ill patients following emergency surgical procedures. Crit Care 2009, 13:R194. 10.1186/cc8193, 2811940, 19961614.
105. MacLean AA, O'Keeffe T, Augenstein J. Management strategies for the open abdomen: survey of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma membership. Acta Chir Belg 2008, 108:212-218.
106. Kubiak BD, Albert SP, Gatto LA, Snyder KP, Maier KG, Vieau CJ, Roy S, Nieman GF. Peritoneal negative pressure therapy prevents multiple organ injury in a chronic porcine sepsis and ischemia/reperfusion model. Shock 2010, 34:525-534. 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181e14cd2, 20823698.
107. Shah S, Jimenez F, Walker P, Xue H, Feeley T, Uray K, Norbury K, Stewart R, Laine G, Cox C. Evaluating the effects of immediate application of negative pressure therapy after decompression from abdominal compartment syndrome in an experimental porcine model. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 2011,
108. Radhakrishnan RS, Shah SK, Lance SH, Radhakrishnan HR, Xue H, Radhakrishnan GL, Ramaswamy US, Walker PA, Uray KS, Laine GA, et al. Hypertonic saline alters hydraulic conductivity and up-regulates mucosal/submucosal aquaporin 4 in resuscitation-induced intestinal edema. Crit Care Med 2009, 37:2946-2952. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181ab878b, 19770732.
109. Hatch QM, Osterhout LM, Podbielski J, Kozar RA, Wade CE, Holcomb JB, Cotton BA. Impact of closure at the first take back: complication burden and potential overutilization of damage control laparotomy. J Trauma 71:1503-1511.
110. Ishimaru K, Mitsuoka H, Unno N, Inuzuka K, Nakamura S, Schmid-Schonbein GW. Pancreatic proteases and inflammatory mediators in peritoneal fluid during splanchnic arterial occlusion and reperfusion. Shock 2004, 22:467-471. 10.1097/01.shk.0000142253.31006.8c, 15489640.
111. Liu C, Wu Q, Li Q, Liu D, Su H, Shen N, Tai M, Lv Y. Mesenteric lymphatic ducts ligation decreases the degree of gut-induced lung injury in a portal vein occlusion and reperfusion canine model. J Surg Res 2009, 154:45-50. 10.1016/j.jss.2008.06.006, 19201426.