A conceptual framework for two phases of anticoagulant treatment of venous thromboembolism

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 507-511

  Kearon, C ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acute; Anticoagulation; Conceptual; Recurrence; Secondary prevention; Treatment; Venous thromboembolism

Indexed keywords

ANTIVITAMIN K; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10A INHIBITOR; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; THROMBIN INHIBITOR;

ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENCE RISK; REVIEW; SECONDARY PREVENTION; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

ANTICOAGULANTS; BLOOD COAGULATION; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; RECURRENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 84859167125     PISSN: 15387933     EISSN: 15387836     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04629.x     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Heit JA, Mohr DN, Silverstein MD, Petterson TM, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ III. Predictors of recurrence after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based cohort study. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 761-8.
2. Kearon C. Natural history of venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003; 107: I-22-30.
3. Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, Goldhaber S, Raskob G, Comerota AJ. Antithrombotic Thereapy for Venous Thromboembolic Disease. ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (Eighth Edition). Chest 2008; 133: 454S-545S.
4. Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 146-53.
5. Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 2499-510.
6. Boutitie F, Pinede L, Schulman S, Agnelli G, Raskob G, Julian J, Hirsh J, Kearon C. Influence of preceding length of anticoagulant treatment and initial presentation of venous thromboembolism on risk of recurrence after stopping treatment: analysis of individual participants' data from seven trials. Br Med J 2011; 342: d3036.
7. Schulman S, Rhedin A-S, Lindmarker P, Carlsson A, Lärfars G, Nicol P, Loogna E, Svensson E, Ljungberg B, Walter H, Viering S, Nordlander S, Leijd B, Jönsson K-Å, Hjorth M, Linder O, Boberg J, Duration of Anticoagulation Trl Sty Gp. A comparison of six weeks with six months of oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1661-5.
8. Kearon C, Ginsberg JS, Anderson DR, Kovacs MJ, Wells P, Julian JA, MacKinnon B, Demers C, Douketis J, Turpie AG, van Nguyen P, Green D, Kassis J, Kahn SR, Solymoss S, Desjardins L, Geerts W, Johnston M, Weitz JI, Hirsh J, et al. Comparison of 1month with 3months of anticoagulation for a first episode of venous thromboembolism associated with a transient risk factor. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 743-9.
9. Pinede L, Duhaut P, Cucherat M, Ninet J, Pasquier J, Boissel JP. Comparison of long versus short duration of anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 553-62.
10. Pinede L, Ninet J, Duhaut P, Chabaud S, Demolombe-Rague S, Durieu I, Nony P, Sanson C., Boissel JP. Comparison of 3 and 6months of oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and comparison of 6 and 12weeks of therapy after isolated calf deep vein thrombosis. Circulation 2001; 103: 2453-60.
11. Levine MN, Hirsh J, Gent M, Turpie AG, Weitz J, Ginsberg J, Geerts W, Leclerc J, Neemeh J, Powers P, Piovella F. Optimal duration of oral anticoagulant therapy: a randomized trial comparing four weeks with three months of warfarin in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 1995; 74: 606-11.
12. Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Optimum duration of anticoagulation for deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Lancet 1992; 340: 873-6.
13. Campbell IA, Bentley DP, Prescott RJ, Routledge PA, Shetty HG, Williamson IJ. Anticoagulation for three versus six months in patients with deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or both: randomised trial. Br Med J 2007; 334: 674-7.
14. Agnelli G, Prandoni P, Santamaria MG, Bagatella P, Iorio A, Bazzan M, Moia M, Guazzaloca G, Bertoldi A, Tomasi C, Scannapieco G, Ageno W. Three months versus one year of oral anticoagulant therapy for idiopathic deep vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 165-9.
15. Agnelli G, Prandoni P, Becattini C, Silingardi M, Taliani MR, Miccio M, Imberti D, Poggio R, Ageno W, Pogliani E, Porro F, Zonzin P. Extended oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 19-25.
16. Kearon C, Gent M, Hirsh J, Weitz J, Kovacs MJ, Anderson DR, Turpie AGG, Green D, Ginsberg JS, Wells P, MacKinnon B, Julian J, Johnston M, Douketis J, Roberts R, van Nguyen P, Kassis J, Dolan S, Demers C, Desjardins L, et al. A comparison of three months of anticoagulation with extended anticoagulation for a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 901-7.
17. Lindmarker P, Schulman S. The risk of ipsilateral versus contralateral recurrent deep vein thrombosis in the leg. The DURAC Trial Study Group. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 601-6.
18. Palareti G, Legnani C, Lee A, Manotti C, Hirsh J, D'Angelo A, Pengo V, Moia M, Coccheri S. A comparison of the safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulation for the treatment of venous thromboembolic disease in patients with or without malignancy. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84: 805-10.
19. Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Piccioli A, Bernardi E, Simioni P, Girolami B, Marchiori A, Sabbion P, Prins MH, Noventa F, Girolami A. Recurrent venous thromboembolism and bleeding complications during anticoagulant treatment in patients with cancer and venous thrombosis. Blood 2002; 100: 3484-8.
20. Palareti G, Legnani C, Cosmi B, Guazzaloca G, Pancani C, Coccheri S. Risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence: high negative predictive value of D-dimer performed after oral anticoagulation is stopped. Thromb Haemost 2002; 87: 7-12.
21. Prandoni P, Lensing AWA, Cogo A, Cuppini S, Villalta S, Carta M, Cattelan AM, Polistena P, Bernardi E, Prins M. The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125: 1-7.
22. Carrier M, Le Gal G, Wells PS, Rodger MA. Systematic review: case-fatality rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding events among patients treated for venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152: 578-89.
23. Linkins LA, Choi PT, Douketis JD. Clinical impact of bleeding in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 893-900.
24. Linkins L, O'Donnell M, Julian JA, Kearon C. Intracranial and fatal bleeding according to indication for long-term oral anticoagulant therapy. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 2201-7.
25. Kearon C, Iorio A, Palareti G. Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after stopping treatment in cohort studies: recommendation for acceptable rates and standardized reporting. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 2313-5.
26. Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 2342-52.