Camera surveillance within the UK: Enhancing public safety or a social threat?

International Review of Law, Computers and Technology

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 193-203

  Sheldon, Barrie ^a  

^a TEESSIDE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Crime prevention; Privacy; Public safety; Surveillance

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859054015     PISSN: 13600869     EISSN: 13646885     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13600869.2011.617494     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Within the 2007 National CCTV strategy Tony McNulty, the then Minister of State for Security in his foreword highlights how CCTV has regularly contributed to making streets safer, reducing the fear of crime, the detection of serious crime, and assisting with terrorist investigations.
2. Information Commissioners Office, CCTV (2009). Available at: http://www.ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/topic_specific_guides/cctv.aspx (accessed 7 April 2009).
3. Home Office, National CCTV Strategy: October 2007 (London: Association of Chief Police Officers, 2007), 4+13+15.
4. G. Gerrard, article dated 3 March 2011, 'The Police Chief's Blog-CCTV Surveillance'. Available at: http://www.acpo.police.uk/ThePoliceChiefsBlog/20110303GraemeGerrardsCCTVblog.aspx (accessed 29 June 2011).
5. C. Norris, M. McCahill and D. Wood, 'Editorial. The Growth of CCTV: A Global Perspective on the International Diffusion of Video Surveillance in Publicly Accessible Space', Surveillance and Society 2, no. 2-3 (2004): 110-135, esp. 110.
6. Home Office, Audit Commission Report, Helping with Enquiries: Tackling Crime Effectively (London: HMSO College Hill Press, 1993).
7. C. Norris and G. Armstrong, The Maximum Surveillance Society-The Rise of CCTV (Oxford: Berg, 1999), 36.
8. C. Norris, From Personal to Digital, Surveillance as Social Sorting: Privacy, Risk and Digital Discrimination, ed. D. Lyon (London: Routledge, 2003), 255.
9. MBD Market and Business Development, Press release: UK CCTV Market Development Report, January 2011. Available at: http://www.mbdltd.co.uk/Press-Release/CCTV.htm (accessed 13 July 2011).
10. See House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights report, 'The Meaning of Public Authority under the Human Rights Act', seventh report of session 2003-2004.
11. Peck v United Kingdom [2003] European Court of Human Rights 36 EHRR 41:57.
12. Schedule 1, Part 1, Article 8 (2) Human Rights Act 1998.
13. Section 1 (1) Data protection Act 2008.
14. Section 28 Data Protection Act 2008.
15. Section 29 Data Protection Act 2008.
16. See Section 2 Data Protection Act 2008.
17. Sections 24, 30, and 31 Freedom of Information Act 2000.
18. Section 26 (9) (a) Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000.
19. Information Commissioner, CCTV Code of Practice: Revised Edition 2008 (Wilmslow: Information Commissioner's Office, 2008), 21.
20. House of Lords, Surveillance: Citizens and the State-Volume 1: Report (London: Stationery Office, 2009), 6+22+105.
21. Part 2, Chapter 1, Protection of Freedoms Bill 2011.
22. House of Commons Protection of Freedoms Bill (London: Stationery Office, 2011).
23. Section 29 (6) Protection of Freedoms Bill 2011.
24. Government consultation concluded on 25 May 2011.
25. Home Office, Consultation on a Codes of Practice relating to Surveillance Cameras (London: Home Office, 2011), 5.
26. S. Farthing and R. Robinson, Liberty's Second Reading Briefing on the Protection of Freedoms Bill in the House of Commons (London: Liberty, 2011). 12-13.
27. B. Brown, CCTV in Town Centres: Three Case Studies (London: Police Research Group, 1995), 2.
28. B.C. Welsh and D.P. Farrington, Crime Prevention Effects of Close Circuit Television; A Systematic Review (London: RDS Publications, 2002).
29. ACPO Association of Chief Police Officers, E.C.H.R., Data Protection & RIPA Guidance Relating to the Police use of A.N.P.R. (ACPO National APNR User Group, 2004).
30. J. Denham, cited in Community Justice Portal article: 'Driving Crime Off the Roads: Automatic Number Plate Recognition Systems Launched Nationwide' (London: Home Office, 2002). Available at: http://www.cjp.org.uk/news/archive/driving-crime-off-the-roads-automatic-number-plate-recognition-systems-launched-nationwide-14-11-200 (accessed 3 July 2009).
31. Home Office, Police Standards Unit (PSU) new sheet 26: 'Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR)' (London: Home Office, 2003).
32. R. Brunstrom and F. Whiteley, cited in 'ANPR Strategy for the Police Service 2005/2008' (London: ACPO ANPR Steering Group, 2005), 2.
33. PA Consulting Group, Police Standards Unit-Evaluation of Automatic Number plate Recognition 2006/07 (London: PA Consulting Knowledge, 2007), 7.
34. M. Beaumont, Surveillance: Citizens and the State-Constitution Committee (2007). Available at: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200809/ldselect/ldconst/18/18we04.htm (accessed 13 July 2011).
35. G. Crossman, Overlooked: Surveillance and Personal Privacy in Modern Britain (London: Liberty & the Nuffield Foundation, 2007).
36. London Evening News, article dated 31 March 2007, 'George Orwell, Big Brother is Watching Your House', (2007). Available at: http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23391081-details/George+Orwell+Big+Brother+is+watching+your+house/article.do (accessed 30 April 2009).
37. B.C. Welsh and D.P. Farrington, Effects of Closed Circuit Television Surveillance on Crime (Oslo, Norway: The Campbell Collaboration, 2008), 3.
38. ACPO sub group-Terrorism and Allied Matters (TAM).
39. P. Lewis, 'Birmingham Stops Camera Surveillance in Muslim Areas', The Guardian newspaper article dated 17 June 2010. Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/jun/17/birmingham-stops-spy-cameras-project (accessed 26 November 2010).
40. See website: http://www.no-cctv.org.uk/news.asp which contains a range of reports and links to publications that challenges the effectiveness of CCTV and highlights the limitations of government intervention.
41. P. Neyroud and E. Disley, 'Technology and Policing: Implications for Fairness and Legitimacy', Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice: 2, no. 2 (2008): 226-232, esp. 230.