Sex after childbirth: Postpartum sexual function

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 119, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 647-655

  Leeman, Lawrence M ^a   Rogers, Rebecca G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BREAST FEEDING; CHILDBIRTH; DYSPAREUNIA; HUMAN; PERINEUM INJURY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERAL DEPRESSION; PUERPERIUM; REVIEW; SEX; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; SEXUAL FUNCTION; SEXUAL HEALTH; VAGINAL DELIVERY;

BREAST FEEDING; DELIVERY, OBSTETRIC; DEPRESSION, POSTPARTUM; DYSPAREUNIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; LACERATIONS; POSTPARTUM PERIOD; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 84859014771     PISSN: 00297844     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182479611     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Masters W, Johnson V. Human sexual response. Toronto (Canada), New York (NY): Bantam Books; 1966.
2. Basson R. The female sexual response: a different model. J Sex Marital Ther 2000;26:51-65. (Pubitemid 30046592)
3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, text revision: DSM-IV-TR. 4th ed. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
4. Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors. JAMA 1999;281: 537-44. (Pubitemid 29081307)
5. Shifren JL, Monz BU, Russo PA, Segreti A, Johannes CB. Sexual problems and distress in United States women: prevalence and correlates. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:970-8.
6. Barrett G, Pendry E, Peacock J, Victor C, Thakar R, Manyonda I. Women's sexual health after childbirth. BJOG 2000; 107:186-95. (Pubitemid 30081584)
7. Glazener CM. Sexual function after childbirth: women's experiences, persistent morbidity and lack of professional recognition. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104:330-5. (Pubitemid 27112666)
8. Signorello LB, Harlow BL, Chekos AK, Repke JT. Postpartum sexual functioning and its relationship to perineal trauma: a retrospective cohort study of primiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:881-8.
9. Pancholy AB, Goldenhar L, Fellner AN, Crisp C, Kleeman S, Pauls R. Resident education and training in female sexuality: results of a national survey. J Sex Med 2011;8:361-6.
10. Parish SJ, Clayton AH. Sexual medicine education: review and commentary. J Sex Med Mar 2007;4:259-67.
11. Shindel AW, Ando KA, Nelson CJ, Breyer BN, Lue TF, Smith JF. Medical student sexuality: how sexual experience and sexuality training impact U.S. and Canadian medical students'comfort in dealing with patients' sexuality in clinical practice. Acad Med 2010;85:1321-30.
12. Rosen RC. Assessment of female sexual dysfunction: review of validated methods. Fertil Steril 2002;77(suppl 4):S89-93. (Pubitemid 34465851)
13. Plouffe L Jr. Screening for sexual problems through a simple questionnaire. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;151:166-9.
14. Rosen R, Brown C, Heiman J, Leiblum S, Meston C, Shabsigh R, et al. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther 2000;26:191-208. (Pubitemid 30194541)
15. McCoy NL. The McCoy Female sexuality questionnaire. Qual Life Res 2000;9:739-45.
16. Aschkenazi S, Rogers RG, Beaumont J, Bostros S, Sand PK, Goldberg RP. A valid form of the PISQ-12, the PISQ-9, for use in comparative study of women with and without pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2010;16:218-23.
17. Hatzichristou D, Rosen RC, Derogatis LR, Low WY, Meuleman EJ, Sadovsky R, et al. Recommendations for the clinical evaluation of men and women with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010;7:337-48.
18. Isidori AM, Pozza C, Esposito K, Giugliano D, Morano S, Vignozzi L, et al. Development and validation of a 6-item version of the female sexual function index (FSFI) as a diagnostic tool for female sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010;7:1139-46.
19. Derogatis LR, Rosen R, Leiblum S, Burnett A, Heiman J. The Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS): initial validation of a standardized scale for assessment of sexually related personal distress in women. J Sex Marital Ther 2002;28:317-30. (Pubitemid 34627829)
20. von Sydow K. Sexuality during pregnancy and after childbirth: a metacontent analysis of 59 studies. J Psychosom Res 1999; 47:27-49.
21. Bartellas E, Crane JM, Daley M, Bennett KA, Hutchens D. Sexuality and sexual activity in pregnancy. BJOG 2000;107: 964-8. (Pubitemid 30495450)
22. Pauls RN, Occhino JA, Dryfhout VL. Effects of pregnancy on female sexual function and body image: a prospective study. J Sex Med 2008;5:1915-22.
23. Trutnovsky G, Haas J, Lang U, Petru E. Women's perception of sexuality during pregnancy and after birth. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2006;46:282-7. (Pubitemid 43984944)
24. Erol B, Sanli O, Korkmaz D, Seyhan A, Akman T, Kadioglu A. A cross-sectional study of female sexual function and dysfunction during pregnancy. J Sex Med 2007;4:1381-7. (Pubitemid 47337684)
25. Rogers RG, Borders N, Leeman LM, Albers LL. Does spontaneous genital tract trauma impact postpartum sexual function? J Midwifery Womens Health 2009;54:98-103.
26. Brubaker L, Handa VL, Bradley CS, Connolly A, Moalli P, Brown MB, et al. Sexual function 6months after first delivery. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:1040-4. (Pubitemid 351620335)
27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59:1-86.
28. Update to CDC's U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2010: revised recommendations for the use of contraceptive methods during the postpartum period. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011;60:878-83.
29. Viswanathan M, Visco AG, Hartmann K, Wechter ME, Gartlehner G, Wu JM, et al. Cesarean delivery onmaternal request. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2006;133:1-138.
30. Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hodnett ED, Chalmers B, Kung R, Willan A, et al. Outcomes at 3 months after planned cesarean vs planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term: the international randomized Term Breech Trial. JAMA 2002; 287:1822-31. (Pubitemid 34303627)
31. Hannah ME, Whyte H, Hannah WJ, Hewson S, Amankwah K, Cheng M, et al. Maternal outcomes at 2 years after planned cesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: the international randomized Term Breech Trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:917-27. (Pubitemid 39298134)
32. Barrett G, Peacock J, Victor CR, Manyonda I. Cesarean section and postnatal sexual health. Birth 2005;32:306-11.
33. Lavender T, Kingdon C. Primigravid women's views of being approached to participate in a hypothetical term cephalic trial of planned vaginal birth versus planned cesarean birth. Birth 2009;36:213-9.
34. Turner CE, Young JM, Solomon MJ, Ludlow J, Benness C, Phipps H. Willingness of pregnant women and clinicians to participate in a hypothetical randomised controlled trial comparing vaginal delivery and elective caesarean section. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2008;48:542-6.
35. Botros SM, Abramov Y, Miller JJ, Sand PK, Gandhi S, Nickolov A, et al. Effect of parity on sexual function: an identical twin study. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:765-70.
36. Klein MC, Gauthier RJ, Robbins JM, Kaczorowski J, Jorgensen SH, Franco ED, et al. Relationship of episiotomy to perineal trauma and morbidity, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic floor relaxation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171:591-8. (Pubitemid 24312336)
37. Radestad I, Olsson A, Nissen E, Rubertsson C. Tears in the vagina, perineum, sphincter ani, and rectum and first sexual intercourse after childbirth: a nationwide follow-up. Birth 2008;35:98-106. (Pubitemid 351748712)
38. Rogers RG, Leeman LM, Migliaccio L, Albers LL. Does the severity of spontaneous genital tract trauma affect postpartum pelvic floor function? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2008;19:429-35. (Pubitemid 351234037)
39. Eason E, Labrecque M, Wells G, Feldman P. Preventing perineal trauma during childbirth: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:464-71. (Pubitemid 30100520)
40. Carroli G, Mignini L. Episiotomy for vaginal birth. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000081. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000081.pub2.
41. Albers LL, Sedler KD, Bedrick EJ, Teaf D, Peralta P. Midwifery care measures in the second stage of labor and reduction of genital tract trauma at birth: a randomized trial. J Midwifery Womens Health 2005;50:365-72. (Pubitemid 41264361)
42. McCandlish R, Bowler U, van Asten H, Berridge G, Winter C, Sames L, et al. A randomised controlled trial of care of the perineum during second stage of normal labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:1262-72. (Pubitemid 29002827)
43. Beckmann MM, Garrett AJ. Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD005123. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005123.pub2.
44. Kettle C, Dowswell T, Ismail KM. Absorbable suture materials for primary repair of episiotomy and second degree tears. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD000006. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD000006.pub2.
45. Mackrodt C, Gordon B, Fern E, Ayers S, Truesdale A, Grant A. The Ipswich Childbirth Study: 2. A randomised comparison of polyglactin 910 with chromic catgut for postpartum perineal repair. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:441-5. (Pubitemid 28237873)
46. Leroux N, Bujold E. Impact of chromic catgut versus polyglactin 910 versus fast-absorbing polyglactin 910 sutures for perineal repair: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;194:1585-90.
47. Leeman L, Spearman M, Rogers R. Repair of obstetric perineal lacerations. Am Fam Physician 2003;68:1585-90.
48. Gordon B, Mackrodt C, Fern E, Truesdale A, Ayers S, Grant A. The Ipswich Childbirth Study: 1. A randomised evaluation of two stage postpartum perineal repair leaving the skin unsutured. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:435-40. (Pubitemid 28237872)
49. Leeman LM, Rogers RG, Greulich B, Albers LL. Do unsutured second-degree perineal lacerations affect postpartum functional outcomes? J Am Board Fam Med 2007;20:451-7. (Pubitemid 350096945)
50. Fleming VE, Hagen S, Niven C. Does perineal suturing make a difference? The SUNS trial. BJOG 2003;110:684-9. (Pubitemid 36782496)
51. Handa VL, Cundiff G, Chang HH, Helzlsouer KJ. Female sexual function and pelvic floor disorders. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:1045-52. (Pubitemid 351620336)
52. Handa VL, Zyczynski HM, Burgio KL, Fitzgerald MP, Borello-France D, Janz NK, et al. The impact of fecal and urinary incontinence on quality of life 6 months after childbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:636.e1-6.
53. Hay-Smith J, Morkved S, Fairbrother KA, Herbison GP. Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD007471. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007471.
54. Johannes CB, Clayton AH, Odom DM, Rosen RC, Russo PA, Shifren JL, et al. Distressing sexual problems in United States women revisited: prevalence after accounting for depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70:1698-706.
55. DeJudicibus MA, McCabe MP. Psychological factors and the sexuality of pregnant and postpartum women. J Sex Res 2002;39:94-103. (Pubitemid 34977281)
56. Moel JE, Buttner MM, O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman L. Sexual function in the postpartum period: effects of maternal depression and interpersonal psychotherapy treatment. Arch Womens Ment Health 2010;13:495-504.
57. Clayton A, Keller A, McGarvey EL. Burden of phase-specific sexual dysfunction with SSRIs. J Affect Disord 2006;91:27-32. (Pubitemid 43254634)
58. Balon R. SSRI-associated sexual dysfunction. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:1504-9. (Pubitemid 44465749)
59. Female sexual dysfunction. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 119. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2011;117:996-1007.
60. Weissman AM, Levy BT, Hartz AJ, Bentler S, Donohue M, Ellingrod VL, et al. Pooled analysis of antidepressant levels in lactating mothers, breast milk, and nursing infants. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1066-78. (Pubitemid 38735993)
61. Davis MF, Miller HS, Nolan PE Jr. Bupropion levels in breast milk for 4 mother-infant pairs: more answers to lingering questions. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70:297-8.
62. Gentile S. The safety of newer antidepressants in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Drug Saf 2005;28:137-52. (Pubitemid 40321769)
63. Lanza di Scalea T, Wisner KL. Antidepressant medication use during breastfeeding. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2009;52:483-97.
64. Convery KM, Spatz DL. Sexuality & breastfeeding: what do you know? MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2009;34:218-23.
65. Avery MD, Duckett L, Frantzich CR. The experience of sexuality during breastfeeding among primiparous women. J Midwifery Womens Health 2000;45:227-37.
66. van Brummen HJ, Bruinse HW, van de Pol G, Heintz AP, van der Vaart CH. Which factors determine the sexual function 1 year after childbirth? BJOG 2006;113:914-8. (Pubitemid 44086916)