Investigating the thyroid nodule

BMJ (Online)

Volumn 338, Issue 7696, 2009, Pages

  Mehanna, H M ^a   Jain, A ^a   Morton, R P ^b   Watkinson, J ^c   Shaha, A ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL COVENTRY   (United Kingdom)

^b Division of Medicine Emergency and Integrated Care   (New Zealand)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPIRATION BIOPSY; ECHOGRAPHY; NODULAR GOITER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; THYROID FUNCTION TEST; THYROID NODULE;

BIOPSY, FINE-NEEDLE; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; INCIDENTAL FINDINGS; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION; THYROID FUNCTION TESTS; THYROID NEOPLASMS; THYROID NODULE; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, INTERVENTIONAL;

EID: 84859004256     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17561833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b733     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. British Thyroid Association, Royal College of Physicians. British Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. 2nd ed.2007. www.british-thyroid-association.org/Guidelines/
2. Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, Kloos RT, Lee SL, Mandel S), et al. American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2006;2:109-42.
3. Watkinson JC, Gaze MN, Wilson JA. Tumours of the thyroid and parathyroid gland. Stelland Maran's head and neck surgery. 4th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000.
4. Kountakis SE, Skoulas IG, Maillard AA. The radiologic work-up in thyroid surgery: fine needle biopsy versus scintigraphy and ultrasound. Ear Nose Throat J 2002;81:151-4.
5. Deandrea M, Mormile A, Veglio M, Motta M, Pellerito R, Gallone G, et al. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid: comparison between thyroid palpation and ultrasonography. Endocr Pract 2002;8:282-6.
6. Mazzaferri EL. Management of a solitary thyroid nodule. N Engl] Med 1993;328:553-9.
7. Boelaert K, Horacek J, Holder RL, Watkinson JC, Sheppard MC, Franklyn JA. Serum thyrotropin concentration as a novel predictorof malignancy in thyroid nodules investigated by fine-needle aspiration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4295-301.
8. Hall TL, Layfield LJ, Philippe A, Rosenthal DL. Sources of diagnostic error in fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. Cancer 1989;63:718-25.
9. Tuttle RM, Lemar H, Burch HB. Clinical features associated with an increased risk of thyroid malignancy in patients with follicular neoplasia by fine-needle aspiration. Thyroid 1998;8:377-83.
10. Papini E, Guglielmi R, Bianchini A, Crescenzi A, Taccogna S, Nardi F, et al. Risk of malignancy in non palpable thyroid nodules: Predictive value of ultrasound and colour Doppler features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:1941-6.
11. Prinz RA. Rebiopsy of benign thyroid nodules:optimal approcach to maximize safety and minimize regret. Endocr Pract 2001;7:318-9.
12. De los Santos ET, Keyhani-Rofagha S, Cunningham JJ, Mazzaferri EL. Cystic thyroid nodules. The dilemma of malignant lesions. Arch Intern Med 1990;150:1422-7.
13. Yeh MW, Demircan 0, Ituarte P, Clark OH. False-negative fine-needle aspiration cytology results delay treatment and adversely affect outcome in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2004;14:207-15.
14. Oertel YC, Miyahara-Felipe L, Mendoza MG, Yu K, Value of repeated fine needle aspirations of the thyroid: an analysis of over ten thousand FNAs. Thyroid 2007;17:1061-6.
15. Ahuja AT, Evans RM, King AD. Imaging in head and neck cancer-a practical approach. London: GMM, 2003.
16. Baskin HJ. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy ofthyroid nodules and multinodular goiters. Endocr Pract 2004;10:242-5.
17. Koike E, Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Murakami T, Ohshima A, Maruta), et al. Effect of combining ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings forthe diagnosis ofthyroid nodules. Eur J Surg 2001;167:656-61.
18. Mehrotra P, Hubbard JG, Johnson SJ, Richardson DL, Bliss R, Lennard TW. Ultrasound scan-guided core sampling for diagnosis versus freehand FNAC of the thyroid gland. Surgeon 2005;3(l):l-5.
19. Sahin M, Sengul A, Berki Z, Neslihan B, Tutuncu, Nilgun D, et al. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and ultrasonographic features of infracentimetric nodules in patients with nodular goitre: correlation with pathological findings. Endocr Pathol 2006;17:67-74.
20. Jun P, Chow LC, Jeffrey RB. The sonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinomas: pictorial essay. Ultrasound Q 2005;21(l):39-45.
21. Leenhardt L, Hejblum G, Franc B, du PasquierF, DelbotT, le Guillouzic D, et al. Indications and limits of ultrasound-guided cytology in the management of nonpalpable thyroid nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:24-8.
22. Wienke |R, Chong WK, Fileding JR, Zou KH, Mittelstatedt CA. Sonographic features of benign nodules. J Ultrasound Med 2003;22:1027-31.
23. Nam-Goong IS, Kim HY, Gong G, Lee HK, Hong SJ, Kim WB, et al. Ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration ofthyroid incidentaloma: correlation with pathological findings. Clin Endocrinol 2004;60:21-8.
24. Alexander EK, Hurwitz S, Heering JP, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, et al. Natural history of benign solid and cystic thyroid nodules. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:315-8.
25. Cheung PSY, Lee JMH, Charboneau JW, Naessens JM, Offord KP, Gorman CA. Suppressive therapy with levothyroxine for solitary thyroid nodules: a prospective randomised trial. World J Surg 1989;13:818-22.