Facial expression recognition based on geometric and optical flow features in colour image sequences

IET Computer Vision

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 79-89

  Niese, R ^a   Al Hamadi, A ^a   Farag, A ^b   Neumann, H ^c   Michaelis, B ^a  

^a OTTO VON GUERICKE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b University of Louisville   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLOUR IMAGE; CONSECUTIVE IMAGES; FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; FEATURE EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION; FEATURE REPRESENTATION; FLOW FEATURES; GEOMETRIC FEATURE; IMAGE FRAMES; MOTION DETECTION; NORMALISATION; PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUE; RELIABLE RECOGNITION; ROBUST CLASSIFICATION; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE CLASSIFICATION; THREEDIMENSIONAL (3-D); TRANSIENT FEATURES;

FACE RECOGNITION; FEATURE EXTRACTION; GESTURE RECOGNITION; HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION; IMAGE RETRIEVAL; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; NEURAL NETWORKS; OPTICAL FLOWS;

THREE DIMENSIONAL;

EID: 84858717379     PISSN: 17519632     EISSN: 17519640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1049/iet-cvi.2011.0064     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Pantic, M.: 'Facial expression recognition', Li, S.Z., Encyclopedia of biometrics, 2009), 1, p. 400-406
2. Pantic, M., Pentland, A., Nijholt, A., and Huang, T.S.: 'Human computing and machine understanding of human behavior: a survey', IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B, 2009, 39, (1), p. 3-610.1007/978-3-540-72348-6_3 1083-4419
3. Ekman, P.: 'Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: a reply to Russell's mistaken critique', Psychol. Bull., 1994, 115, (2), p. 268-28710.1037/0033-2909.115.2.268
4. Wang, J., Yin, L., Wei, X., and Sun, Y.: '3D facial expression recognition based on primitive surface feature distribution', IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2006, p. 1399-1406
5. Valstar, M.F., and Pantic, M.: 'Fully automatic facial action unit detection and temporal analysis', Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2006
6. Kumano, S., Otsuka, K., Yamato, J., Eisaku, S., and Sata, Y.: 'Pose-invariant facial expression recognition using variable intensity templates', Asian Conf. Computer Vision, 2007, 10.1007/s11263-008-0185-x
7. Bartlett, S., Littlewort, G., Frank, G., Lainscsek, C., Fasel, I., and Movellan, J.: 'Fully automatic facial action recognition in spontaneous behavior', Proc. Conf. Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition, 2006, p. 223-230
8. Pandzic, I., and Forchheimer, R.: 'MPEG-4 facial animation: the standard, implementation and applications', 1st(Wiley 2002)
9. Santana, M.C., Lorenzo-Navarro, J., Déniz-Suárez, O., Isern González, J., and Falcón-Martel, A.: 'Multiple face detection at different resolutions for perceptual user interfaces', IbPRIA, 2005, p. 445-452
10. Al-Hamadi, A., Niese, R., and Michaelis, B.: 'A robust approach for contour extraction and tracking of moving objects in video sequences', Int. conf. on Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition, and Applications 2003), p. 336-341
11. McGlone, C., Mikhail, E., and Bethel, J.: 'Manual of photogrammetry', 5th 2004)
12. Albertz, J., and Kreiling, W.: 'Photogrammetric guide', (Wichmann Verlag 1989)
13. Bentley, J.L.: 'Multidimensional binary search trees used for associative searching', ACM, 1975, 18, p. 509-51710.1145/361002.361007
14. Blanz, V., and Vetter, T.: 'A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces', SIGGRAPH Proc., 1999, p. 187-194
15. Albrecht, P., and Michaelis, B.: 'Stereo photogrammetry with improved spatial resolution', ICPR, 1998, p. 845
16. Niese, R., Al-Hamadi, A., and Michaelis, B.: 'A stereo and color-based method for face pose estimation and facial feature extraction', ICPR, 2006, pp. 299-302
17. Rusinkiewicz, S., and Levoy, M.: 'Efficient variants of the ICP algorithm', Proc. Third Int. Conf. on 3D Digital Imaging & Modeling, 2001, p. 145-152
18. Schindler, K., and van Gool, L.: 'Action snippets: how many frames does human action recognition apply?', Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern recognition (CVPR'08), Anchorage, AK, USA, June 22-24 2008
19. Lucas, B., and Kanade, T.: 'An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision', Seventh Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, 1981, p. 674-679
20. Horn, B.K., and Schunck, B.G.: 'Determining optical flow', Artif. Intell., 1981, 17, (1-3), p. 185-20310.1016/0004-3702(81)90024-2 0004-3702
21. Barron, J.L., Fleet, D.J., and Beauchemin, S.S.: 'Performance of optical flow techniques', Int. J. Comput. Vis., 1994, 12, (1), p. 43-7710.1007/BF01420984 0920-5691
22. Bayerl, P., and Neumann, H.: 'A fast biologically inspired algorithm for recurrent motion estimation', IEEE Trans. Pattern Aanlysis and Machine Intelligence, 2007, 29, (2), p. 246-26010.1109/TPAMI.2007.24
23. Niese, R., Al-Hamadi, A., and Michaelis, B.: 'Nearest neighbor classification for emotion recognition in stereo image sequences', ISAST Trans. Electron. Signal Process., 2007, 1, (1), p. 88-94
24. Haykin, S.: 'Neural networks: a comprehensive foundation', (Prentice Hall 1998)
25. Cristianini, N., and Taylor, J.S.: 'An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and other kernel based learning methods', 2001, Cambridge University Press
26. Wu, T.F., and Lin, C.J.: 'Probability estimates for multi-class classification by pairwise coupling', J. Mach. Learn. Res., 2004, 5, p. 975-10051532-4435
27. Kohonen, T.: 'Self- organizing maps', 2nd(Springer 1997)
28. Ritter, H., Martinez, T., and Schulten, K.: 'Neural computation and self-organizing maps: an introduction', 1st(Addison-Wesley 1992)
29. Yin, L., Chen, X., Sun, Y., Worm, T., and Reale, M.: 'A high-resolution 3D dynamic facial expression database', IEEE Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG'08), 2008, p. 1-6
30. Kohavi, R., and Foster, P.: 'Glossary of terms', Appl. Mach. Learn. Knowl. Discov. Process. (Special Issue), 1998, 30, (23), p. 271-274