The Arab Spring and the Saudi-Led Counterrevolution

Orbis

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 96-104

  Kamrava, Mehran ^a  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858705940     PISSN: 00304387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orbis.2011.10.011     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Gregory +Gause, International Relations of the Persian Gulf (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 1.
2. Mark Tran. "Arab uprisings: Roundup," The Guardian April 11, 2011, p. 16.
3. Giles Whittell. "US Mercenary Forms Force for Prince," Times (London) (May 16, 2011), p. 27.
4. Neil MacFarquhar. "Saudi Woman Arrested for Driving," International Herald Tribune (May 25, 2011), p. 6.
5. Nicholas Kristof. "Bahrain Pulls a Qaddafi," International Herald Tribune (March 18, 2011), p. 7.
6. Mehran Kamrava. The Modern Middle East, 2nd ed. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011), p. 356.
7. Neil MacFarquhar. "Saudi Cash is the Key to Quiet in the Kingdom," The International Herald Tribune (June 10, 2011), p. 4.
8. "Inside the coddled kingdom". The Toronto Star, February 17, 2011, p. 10.
9. "Gulf Cooperation Council sets up 20 bn-dollar fund for Bahrain, Oman projects". Saudi Press Agency (March 11, 2011).
10. Hugh Tomlinson. The Times (London), February 10, 2011, p. 1.
11. Sean Foley. "The UAE: Political Issues and Security Dilemmas," Middle East Review of International Affairs. March 1999, p. 32.
12. Joseph Kostiner. "Saudi Arabia and the Arab-Israeli Peace Process: The Fluctuation of Regional Coordination," British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, December 2009, p. 417.
13. Mark Lander. "Amid unrest in Bahrain, U.S. tends a friendship," International Herald Tribune, June 11, 2011, p. 5.
14. Richard Beeston. "World Fallout from Fukushima and Arab Spring may change politics of Middle East and Far East," The Times (London), April 4, 2011, p. 3.
15. Neil MacFarquhar. "Saudis Scramble in Bid to Contain Regional Unrest," The New York Times, May 28, 2011, p. 1.
16. "GCC urges UN to halt 'interference' by Iran," Khaleej Times (Dubai), April 18, 2011.
17. MacFarquhar. "Saudis Scramble in Bid to Contain Regional Unrest," p. 1.
18. "Arab League hopeful Gulf states to reconsider bid to cancel summit," BBC Monitoring Service, April 14, 2011.
19. This occurred during the liberation of Kuwait and NATO's war on Muammar Qaddafi, in which Qatar and the UAE took part.
20. According to Steven David, omnibalancing "incorporates the need of leaders to appease secondary adversaries, as well as to balance against both internal and external threats in order to survive in power." Steven R. David. "Explaining Third World Alignment," World Politics, January 1991, p. 236.
21. Gerd Nonneman. "Analyzing the Foreign Policies of the Middle East and North Africa: A Conceptual Framework," The Review of International Affairs (Winter 2003, p. 124).
22. Marc J. O'Reilly. "Omanibalancing: Oman Confronts an Uncertain Future," The Middle East Journal,Winter 1998, p. 75.
23. Gawdat Bahgat. "Security in the Persian Gulf: Perils and Opportunities," Contemporary Security Policy. August 2008, p. 318.
24. Barak Barfi. "How New is Egypt's 'New' Foreign Policy?" http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/barfi4/English. Accessed on June 14, 2011.
25. Patrick Cockburn. "Violence and sackings 'used to force Shia out' of Sunni kingdom," The Independent (London), May 20, 2011, p. 2.
26. "Iraqi PM criticizes Saudi, Bahrain, Libya handling of protesters," BBC Monitoring Middle East - Political. March 20, 2011; Iraqi PM, Al-Sistani condemn foreign interference, violence in Bahrain. BBC Monitoring Middle East - Political. March 16, 2011.