Comparison of three sequential extraction procedures for fractionation of arsenic from highly polluted mining sediments

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Volumn 402, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 2909-2921

  Larios, Raquel ^a   Fernández Martínez, Rodolfo ^a   Rucandio, Isabel ^a  

^a Unidad de Espectroscopía   (Spain)

Author keywords

Arsenic; Comparison; Fractionation; Sediment; Sequential extraction scheme

Indexed keywords

CO-PRECIPITATION PROCESS; COMPARISON; CONTINUOUS FLOWS; ENVIRONMENTAL SOLID SAMPLES; MINING ACTIVITIES; MOBILIZATION POTENTIAL; OXYHYDROXIDES; SEDIMENT SAMPLES; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION SCHEME; SOLID FORMS; TARGET PHASIS;

ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; FRACTIONATION; HEAVY METALS; PHOSPHORUS; POSITIVE IONS; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SEDIMENTS;

ARSENIC;

ARSENIC;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; METHODOLOGY; MINING; POLLUTANT; SEDIMENT; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION;

ARSENIC; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; MINING; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION;

EID: 84858703408     PISSN: 16182642     EISSN: 16182650     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5730-3     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Fergusson JE (1990) The Heavy Elements: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Pergamon Press, Oxford
2. Crecelius EA (1974) The geochemistry of arsenic and antimony in Puget Sound and Lake Washington, WA. University of Washington, Seattle, p 133
3. D Melamed 2005 Monitoring arsenic in the environment: a review of science and technologies with the potential for field measurements Anal Chim Acta 532 1 13 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.047 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhs12lurc%3D (Pubitemid 40311933)
4. WR Cullen KJ Reimer 1989 Arsenic speciation in the environment Chem Rev 89 713 764 10.1021/cr00094a002 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXktVaitbg%3D
5. S Van Herreweghe R Swennen C Vandecasteele V Cappuyns 2003 Solid phase speciation of arsenic by sequential extraction in standard reference materials and industrially contaminated soil samples Environ Pollut 122 323 342 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00332-9 (Pubitemid 36110599)
6. Gómez-Caminero A, Howe P, Hughes M, Kenyon E, Lewis DR, Moore M, Ng J, Aitio A, Beecking G (2001) Arsenic and arsenic compounds. The Environmental Health Criteria, 2nd edn. World Health Organisation, Finland
7. PH Masscheleyn RD Delaune WH Patrick Jr 1991 Effect of redox potential and pH on arsenic speciation and solubility in contaminated soil Environ Sci Technol 25 1414 1419 10.1021/es00020a008 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXksFKgu7g%3D
8. J Buschmann A Kappeler U Lindauer D Kistler M Berg L Sigg 2006 Arsenite and Arsenate Binding to Dissolved Humic Acids: Influence of pH, Type of Humic Acid, and Aluminum Environ Sci Technol 40 6015 6020 10.1021/es061057+ 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XptFaisr8%3D (Pubitemid 44507254)
9. A Carbonell-Barrachina A Jugsujinda RD DeLaune WH Patrick Jr 1999 The influence of redox chemistry and pH on chemically active forms of arsenic in sewage sludge-amended soilL Environ Int 25 613 618 10.1016/S0160-4120(99)00027-6 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlsFChsLg%3D (Pubitemid 29399599)
10. V Matera I Le Hécho A Laboudigue P Thomas S Tellier M Astruc 2003 A methodological approach for the identification of arsenic bearing phases in polluted soils Environ Pollut 126 51 64 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00146-5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlt1eit74%3D (Pubitemid 36814081)
11. Dzombak DA, Morel FMM (1990) Surface Complexation Modeling: Hydrous Ferric Oxide. Wiley-Interscience, New York
12. S Goldberg RA Glaubig 1988 Anion sorption on a calcareous, montmorillonitic soil-arsenic Soil Sci Soc Am J 52 1297 1300 10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200050015x 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXmt12ntrc%3D (Pubitemid 18267159)
13. M Pierce C Moore 1982 Adsorption of Arsenite and Arsenate on Amorphous Iron hydroxide Water Res 16 1247 1253 10.1016/0043-1354(82)90143-9 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XltFCqtLs%3D (Pubitemid 12056374)
14. CC Fuller JA Davis 1989 Influence of coupling of sorption and photosynthetic processes on trace element cycles in natural waters Nature 340 52 54 10.1038/340052a0 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXltl2qtLo%3D (Pubitemid 19172601)
15. P Thanabalasingam WF Pickering 1986 Arsenic sorption by humic acids Environ Pollut B 12 233 246 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90012-1 1:CAS:528: DyaL28XlvFKrtrs%3D (Pubitemid 16028753)
16. A Saada D Breeze C Crouzet S Cornu P Baranger 2003 Adsorption of arsenic (V) on kaolinite and on kaolinite-humic acid complexes. Role of humic acid nitrogen groups Chemosphere 51 757 763 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00219-4 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXisFWntrg%3D (Pubitemid 36396732)
17. P Warwick E Inam N Evans 2005 Arsenic's interactions with humic acid Environ Chem 2 119 124 10.1071/EN05025 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlvVChs7o%3D (Pubitemid 41053366)
18. L Meunier I Koch KJ Reimer 2011 Effects of organic matter and ageing on the bioaccessibility of arsenic Environ Pollut 159 2530 2536 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.06.018 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFehtL7P
19. AD Redman DL Macalady D Ahmann 2002 Natural organic matter affects arsenic speciation and sorption on to hematite Environ Sci Technol 36 2889 2896 10.1021/es0112801 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjvFyktLs%3D (Pubitemid 34747286)
20. H Xu B Allard A Grimvall 1991 Effects of acidification and natural organic materials on the mobility of arsenic in the environment Water Air Soil Pollut 40 269 278 10.1007/BF00282890
21. H Xu B Allard A Grimvall 1998 Influence of pH and organic substance on the adsorption of As(V) on geological materials Water Air Soil Pollut 57 293 305
22. BP Jackson WP Miller 1999 Soluble arsenic and selenium species in fly ash/organic waste-amended soils using ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma spectrometry Environ Sci Technol 33 270 275 10.1021/es980409c 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnslOiu74%3D (Pubitemid 29052771)
23. BA Manning S Goldberg 1996 Modeling competitive adsorption of arsenate with phosphate and molybdate on oxide minerals Soil Sci Soc Am J 60 121 131 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000010020x 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xns1Sksw%3D%3D
24. Yan Chu H (1994) Arsenic distribution in soils. In: Nriagu JO (ed) Arsenic in the Environment Part I Cycling and characterization. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, pp 17-50
25. M Sadiq 1997 Arsenic Chemistry in Soils: An Overview of Thermodynamic Predictions and Field Observations Water Air Soil Pollut 93 117 136 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhs12nur4%3D
26. BA Manning S Goldberg 1997 Adsorption and Stability of Arsenic(III) at the Clay Mineral-Water Interface Environ Sci Technol 31 2005 2011 10.1021/es9608104 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjtlGisbk%3D (Pubitemid 27289736)
27. ML Peterson R Carpenter 1983 Biogeochemical processes affecting total arsenic and arsenic species distributions in an intermittently anoxic Fjord Mar Chem 12 295 321 10.1016/0304-4203(83)90058-0 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXkt1Olsb0%3D
28. PL Smedley DG Kinniburgh 2002 A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters Appl Geochem 17 517 568 10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00018-5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhvVSmur0%3D (Pubitemid 34290137)
29. Nordstrom DK (2000) An overview of arsenic mass poisoning in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. In: Young C (ed) Minor Elements 2000: Processing and Environmental Aspects of As, Sb, Se, Te, and Bi. Society for Mining Metallurgy & Exploration, p 21-30. https://estore.infomine.com/minor-elements-2000- processing-and-environmental-aspects-of-as-sb-se-te-and-bi-p240c1.aspx
30. A Davis MV Ruby M Bloom R Schoof G Freeman PD Bergstrom 1996 Mineralogic constraints on the bioavailability of arsenic in smelter-impacted soils Environ Sci Technol 30 392 399 10.1021/es9407857 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhtFWisQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26042340)
31. Bird G, Brewera PA, Macklina MG, Serbanb M, Balteanub D, Drigab B (2005) Heavy metal contamination in the Aries river catchment, western Romania: Implications for development of the Rosia Montana gold deposit. J Geochem Explor 86:26-48 (Pubitemid 40906661)
32. A Tessier GC Campbell M Bisson 1979 Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals Anal Chem 51 844 851 10.1021/ac50043a017 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXitV2rtr4%3D (Pubitemid 9460656)
33. AV Filgueiras I Lavilla C Bendicho 2002 Chemical sequential extraction for metal partitioning in environmental solid samples J Environ Monit 4 823 857 10.1039/b207574c 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XptVantr8%3D (Pubitemid 36024185)
34. P Quevauviller 1998 Operationally defined extraction procedures for soil and sediment analysis I. Standardization Trends Anal Chem 17 289 298 10.1016/S0165-9936(97)00119-2 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtFKltLk%3D (Pubitemid 28215865)
35. P Quevauviller A Ure H Muntau B Griepink 1993 Improvement of Analytical Measurements within the BCR-Program - Single and Sequential Extraction Procedures applied to Soil and Sediment Analysis Int J Environ Anal Chem 51 129 134 10.1080/03067319308027618 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmvVGns74%3D
36. CM Davidson RP Thomas SE McVey R Perala D Littlejohn AM Ure 1994 Evaluation of a sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of heavy metals in sediments Anal Chim Acta 291 277 286 10.1016/0003-2670(94)80023-5 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXks1GjtLo%3D (Pubitemid 24178346)
37. AM Ure P Quevauviller H Muntau B Griepinck 1993 Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soils and Sediments. An Account of the Improvement and Harmonization of Extraction Techniques Undertaken Under the Auspices of the BCR of the Commission of the European Communities Int J Environ Anal Chem 51 135 151 10.1080/03067319308027619 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXpsVWmsw%3D%3D
38. KF Mossop CM Davidson 2003 Comparison of original and modified BCR sequential extraction procedures for the fractionation of copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc in soils and sediments Anal Chim Acta 478 111 118 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01485-X 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXivVSltQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 36071525)
39. A Sahuquillo JF López-Sánchez R Rubio G Rauret RP Thomas CM Davidson AM Ure 1999 Use of a certified reference material for extractable trace metals to assess sources of uncertainty in the BCR three-stage sequential extraction procedure Anal Chim Acta 382 317 327 10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00754-5 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhtFKitbk%3D (Pubitemid 29088213)
40. Quevauviller P, Rauret G, López-Sànchez JF, Rubio R, Ure AM, Muntau H (1997) Certification of trace metal extractable contents in a sediment reference material (CRM 601) following a three-step sequential extraction procedure. Sci Total Environ 205:223-234
41. E Fernández R Jiménez AM Lallena J Aguilar 2004 Evaluation of the BCR sequential extraction procedure applied for two unpolluted Spanish soils Environ Pollut 131 355 364 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.03.013 (Pubitemid 38917010)
42. Szakova J, Tlustos P, Balik J, Pavlikova D, Vanek V (1999) The sequential analytical procedure as a tool for evaluation of As, Cd and Zn mobility in soil. Fresen J Anal Chem 363:594-595
43. JA Baig TG Kazi MB Arain AQ Shah RA Sarfraz HI Afridi GA Kandhro MK Jamali S Khan 2009 Arsenic fractionation in sediments of different origins using BCR sequential and single extraction methods J Hazard Mater 167 745 751 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.040 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmt1Ghsr4%3D
44. V Otones E Álvarez-Ayuso A García-Sánchez I Santa Regina A Murciego 2011 Arsenic distribution in soils and plants of an arsenic impacted former mining area Environ Pollut 159 2637 2647 10.1016/j.envpol.2011. 05.027 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFehtL%2FK
45. Larios R, Fernández-Martínez R, Ordóñez A, Loredo J, Galán P, Gómez MB, Silva V, Rucandio MI (2008) Arsenic geochemistry in sediments from an old mining area in Asturias (Spain). In: Bobos ISdSJ, Ferreira da Silva E, Rosário Pereira M (eds) Geochemistry of Arsenic International Workshop Extended Abstracts. Universidade do Porto, Facultad de Ciências, Departamento de Geología, Oporto, pp 25-28
46. KA Gruebel JA Davis JO Leckie 1988 The feasibility of using sequential extraction techniques for arsenic and selenium in soils and sediments Soil Sci Soc Am J 52 390 397 10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020016x 1:CAS:528: DyaL1cXkt1aisbs%3D
47. SC Chang ML Jackson 1957 Fractionation of soil phosphorus Soil Sci 84 133 144 10.1097/00010694-195708000-00005 1:CAS:528:DyaG1cXislSrtQ%3D%3D
48. Manful G (1992) Occurrence and Ecochemical Behaviour of Arsenic in a Goldsmelter Impacted Area in Ghana. PhD Thesis. Centrum voor milieusaneringen aan de RUG, University of Gent, Belgium
49. J Loredo A Pereira A Ordoñez 2003 Untreated abandoned mercury mining works in a scenic area of Asturias (Spain) Environ Int 29 481 491 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00007-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXivVOnsbs%3D (Pubitemid 36527271)
50. Luque C (1992) El mercurio en la Cordillera Cantábrica. In: Guinea G, Frías M (eds) Recursos minerales de España. CSIC. Textos Universitarios, Madrid (Spain), pp 803-826
51. Luque C (1985) Las mineralizaciones de mercurio de la Cordillera Cantábrica. PhD Thesis. Oviedo (Spain)
52. J Loredo C Luque, et al. 1988 Conditions of formation of mercury deposits from the Cantabrian Zone (Spain) B Mineral 111 393 400 1:CAS:528: DyaL1cXkslKkurY%3D
53. Loredo J, Ordóñez A, Baldo C, García-Iglesias J (2003) Arsenic mobilization from waste piles of the El Terronal mine, Asturias, Spain. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 3:229-237
54. Larios R, Fernández-Martínez R, Silva V, Loredo J, Rucandio I (2011) Arsenic Contamination and Speciation in Surrounding Waters of three old Cinnabar Mines. J Environ Monit 14: 531-542
55. Larios R, Fernández-Martínez R, LeHecho I, Rucandio I (2012) A methodological approach to evaluate arsenic speciation and bioaccumulation in different plant species from two highly polluted mining areas. Sci Total Environ 414:600-607
56. Calderon V, Ryan A, Shrader D (2007) Analysis of Environmental Samples by ICP-OES Following US EPA Guidelines. Atomic Spectroscopy Marzo:17-18
57. Martin TD, Brockhoff CA, Creed JT, EMMC Methods Work Group (1994) Mehod 200.7: Dertermination of metals and trace elements in water and wastes by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, Revision 4.4
58. USEPA (2007) Method 9056A: Determination of inorganic anions by ion chromatography., Rev. 1
59. Fernández-Martínez R (2006) Desarrollo y Aplicación de Nuevas Metodologías para el Estudio del Fraccionamiento y Movilidad del Mercurio en Muestras Medioambientales. Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental. PhD Thesis. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain), pp 343
60. Petit MD, Rucandio MI (1999) Sequential extractions for determination of cadmium distribution in coal fly ash, soil and sediment samples. Anal Chim Acta 401:283-291 (Pubitemid 29516591)
61. R Larios R Fernández-Martínez V Silva M Galán-Valera M Gómez R MI 2010 New methodology for the evaluation of arsenic fractionation in environmental solid samples. 7th Aegean Analytical Chemistry Days AACD, Sep 29- Oct 3, 2010 Lesvos 2010 291
62. Loredo J, Ordóñez A, Pendás F (2003) Problems and options in relation to abandoned mine sites. In: Agioutantis Z (ed) International Conference on Sustainable Development Indicators in the Mineral Industries. Milos, Greece, pp 205-210
63. J Morillo J Usero R Rojas 2008 Fractionation of metals and As in sediments from a biosphere reserve (Odiel salt marshes) affected by acidic mine drainage Environ Monit Assess 139 329 337 10.1007/s10661-007-9839-3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXivVart7c%3D (Pubitemid 351356627)
64. K Müller B Daus P Morgenstern R Wennrich 2007 Mobilization of Antimony and Arsenic in Soil and Sediment Samples - Evaluation of Different Leaching Procedures Water Air Soil Pollut 183 427 436 10.1007/s11270-007-9391-3 (Pubitemid 46855361)
65. E Smith R Naidu AM Alston 1998 Arsenic in the soil environment: a review Adv Agron 64 149 195 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60504-0 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmsVOr
66. JY Kim AP Davis KW Kim 2003 Stabilization of Available Arsenic in Contaminated Mine Tailings Using Iron Environ Sci Technol 37 189 195 10.1021/es020799+ 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XptFCgsL0%3D (Pubitemid 36043519)
67. R De Vitre N Belzile A Tessier 1991 Speciation and adsorption of arsenic on diagenetic iron oxyhydroxides Limnol Oceanogr 36 1480 1485 10.4319/lo.1991.36.7.1480 (Pubitemid 23374881)
68. KA Sullivan RC Aller 1996 Diagenetic cycling of arsenic in Amazon shelf sediments Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60 1465 1477 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00040-3 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjtlChsbY%3D
69. C Gleyzes S Tellier M Astruc 2002 Fractionation studies of trace elements in contaminated soils and sediments: a review of sequential extraction procedures Trends Anal Chem 21 451 467 10.1016/S0165-9936(02)00603-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xltlamtr0%3D (Pubitemid 34763829)
70. PP Coetzee 1993 Determination and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Hartbeespoort Dam by sequential chemical extraction Water SA 19 291 300 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjtVKrtLc%3D (Pubitemid 2019538)
71. C Gleyzes S Tellier R Sabrier A Astruc 2001 Arsenic characterisation in industrial soils by chemical extractions Environ Technol 22 27 38 10.1080/09593332208618313 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtlyjtr0%3D (Pubitemid 32162024)
72. GEM Hall JE Vaive R Beer M Hoashi 1996 Selective leaches revisited, with emphasis on the amorphous F oxyhydroxide phase extraction J Geochem Explor 56 59 78 10.1016/0375-6742(95)00050-X 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjsVyitL0%3D
73. Neaman A, Waller B, Mouélé F, Trolard F, Bourrié G (2004) Improved methods for selective dissolution of manganese oxides from soils and rocks. Eur J Soil Sci 55:47-54
74. Da Costa GM, Ribeiro-Herzog L (2011) Association between phosphorus and iron oxides in manganese ores. Am Mineral 96:68-73
75. PM Huang 1975 Retention of arsenic by hydroxy-aluminum on surface of micaceous mineral colloids Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 39 271 274 10.2136/sssaj1975. 03615995003900020016x 1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXktFeltb8%3D
76. V Cappuyns S Van Herreweghe R Swennen R Ottenburgs J Deckers 2002 Arsenic pollution at the industrial site of Reppel-Bocholt (north Belgium) Sci Total Environ 295 217 240 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00096-7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xlt12ns70%3D (Pubitemid 34712026)
77. EA Woolson JH Axley PC Kearney 1973 The chemistry and phytotoxicity of arsenic in soils. II Effect of time and phosphorus Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 37 254 259 10.2136/sssaj1973.03615995003700020028x
78. BM Onken DC Adriano 1997 Arsenic availability in soil with time under saturated and subsaturated conditions Soil Sci Soc Am J 61 746 752 10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100030007x 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjvVOqsrs%3D
79. PJ Kavanagh ME Farago I Thornton RS Braman 1997 Bioavailability of arsenic in soil and mine wastes of the Tamar Valley, SW England Chem Speciat Bioavailab 9 77 81 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXptlOksw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 127698089)
80. DC Smith J Sacks E Senior 1999 Irrigation of soil with synthetic landfill leachate-speciation and distribution of selected pollutants environmental pollution Environ Pollut 106 429 441 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00094-9 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltVylt7s%3D 429 (Pubitemid 29313423)
81. Abdel-Saheb I, Schwab AP, Banks MK, Hetrick BA (1994) Chemical Characterization of Heavy-Metal Contaminated Soil Transects in Southeast Kansas. Water Air Soil Pollut 78
82. R Canet F Pomares F Tarazona M Estela 1998 Sequential fractionation and plant availability of heavy metals as affected by sewage sludge Soil Sci Plant Anal 29 697 716 10.1080/00103629809369978 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtFehsrY%3D (Pubitemid 28205409)
83. RG McLaren R Naidu J Smith KG Tiller 1998 Fractionation and distribution of arsenic in soils contaminated by cattle dip J Environ Qual 27 348 354 10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020015x 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitFGgtro%3D (Pubitemid 28145289)
84. B Daus H Wei R Wennrich 1998 Arsenic speciation in iron hydroxide precipitates Talanta 46 867 873 10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00333-0 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkslSitrk%3D (Pubitemid 28335852)
85. M Mihaljevič M Poňavič V Ettler O Šebek 2003 A comparison of sequential extraction techniques for determining arsenic fractionation in synthetic mineral mixtures Anal Bioanal Chem 377 723 729 10.1007/s00216-003-2115-7 (Pubitemid 40890290)
86. V Chatain R Bayard F Sanchez P Moszkowicz R Gourdon 2005 Effect of indigenous bacterial activity on arsenic mobilization under anaerobic conditions Environ Int 31 221 226 10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.019 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXnsVGrsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40127036)
87. Schwertmann U, Cornell R (1991) MIron oxides in the laboratory. Preparation and characterization. VCH-Weinheim, New York
88. WW Wenzel N Kirchbaumer T Prohaska G Stingeder E Lombic DC Adriano 2001 Arsenic fractionation in soils using an improved sequential extraction procedure Anal Chim Acta 436 309 323 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)00924-2 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXktVGnt7c%3D (Pubitemid 32522447)
89. R Alvarez A Ordóñez J Loredo 2006 Geochemical assessment of an arsenic mine adjacent to a water reservoir (León, Spain) Environ Geol 50 873 884 10.1007/s00254-006-0259-4 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xnt1yjtLY%3D (Pubitemid 44127362)