메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 67, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 789-801

Antiviral applications of Toll-like receptor agonists

Author keywords

Immune modulation; Therapy; TLR; Virus

Indexed keywords

3M 003; AGATOLIMOD; ANA 773; ANA 975; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE POLYCYTIDYLIC POLYINOSINIC ACID POLYLYSINE; CPG 10101; CYTOKINE; GS 9620; IMIQUIMOD; IMO 2125; INTERFERON; ISATORIBINE; N [2 (4 AMINO 2 ETHOXYMETHYL 1H IMIDAZO[4,5 C]QUINOLIN 1 YL) 1,1 DIMETHYLETHYL]METHANESULFONAMIDE; PEGINTERFERON; PF 4171455; PF 4878691; RESIQUIMOD; RIBAVIRIN; SM 276001; SM 324405; SM 360320; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 3; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 7; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 8; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR AGONIST; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84858696578     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: 14602091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr588     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (144)
  • 2
    • 23044445303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of human Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ectodomain
    • Choe J, Kelker MS, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of human Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ectodomain. Science 2005; 309: 581-5.
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 581-585
    • Choe, J.1    Kelker, M.S.2    Wilson, I.A.3
  • 3
    • 1542317550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA
    • Diebold SS, Kaisho T, Hemmi H et al. Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science 2004; 303: 1529-31.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 1529-1531
    • Diebold, S.S.1    Kaisho, T.2    Hemmi, H.3
  • 4
    • 33750984771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5'-phosphates
    • Pichlmair A, Schulz O, Tan CP et al. RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5'-phosphates. Science 2006; 314: 997-1001.
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 997-1001
    • Pichlmair, A.1    Schulz, O.2    Tan, C.P.3
  • 5
    • 9144238063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of three CpG oligodeoxynucleotide classes with distinct immunostimulatory activities
    • Vollmer J, Weeratna R, Payette P et al. Characterization of three CpG oligodeoxynucleotide classes with distinct immunostimulatory activities. Eur J Immunol 2004; 34: 251-62.
    • (2004) Eur J Immunol , vol.34 , pp. 251-262
    • Vollmer, J.1    Weeratna, R.2    Payette, P.3
  • 6
    • 2442655250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent Toll-like receptor signals are required for reversal of regulatory T cell-mediated CD8 tolerance
    • Yang Y, Huang CT, Huang X et al. Persistent Toll-like receptor signals are required for reversal of regulatory T cell-mediated CD8 tolerance. Nat Immunol 2004; 5: 508-15.
    • (2004) Nat Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 508-515
    • Yang, Y.1    Huang, C.T.2    Huang, X.3
  • 8
    • 0037460116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family
    • Akira S, Hemmi H. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family. Immunol Lett 2003; 85: 85-95.
    • (2003) Immunol Lett , vol.85 , pp. 85-95
    • Akira, S.1    Hemmi, H.2
  • 10
    • 0030595339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults
    • Lemaitre B, Nicolas E, Michaut L et al. The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. Cell 1996; 86: 973-83.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 973-983
    • Lemaitre, B.1    Nicolas, E.2    Michaut, L.3
  • 11
    • 0036167107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drosophila innate immunity: an evolutionary perspective
    • Hoffmann JA, Reichhart JM. Drosophila innate immunity: an evolutionary perspective. Nat Immunol 2002; 3: 121-6.
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 121-126
    • Hoffmann, J.A.1    Reichhart, J.M.2
  • 12
    • 0028038271 scopus 로고
    • Expression of a novel Toll-like gene spans the parasegment boundary and contributes to hedgehog function in the adult eye of Drosophila
    • Chiang C, Beachy PA. Expression of a novel Toll-like gene spans the parasegment boundary and contributes to hedgehog function in the adult eye of Drosophila. Mech Dev 1994; 47: 225-39.
    • (1994) Mech Dev , vol.47 , pp. 225-239
    • Chiang, C.1    Beachy, P.A.2
  • 14
    • 23344431978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular structure of the Toll-like receptor 3 ligand-binding domain
    • Bell JK, Botos I, Hall PR et al. The molecular structure of the Toll-like receptor 3 ligand-binding domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 10976-80.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 10976-10980
    • Bell, J.K.1    Botos, I.2    Hall, P.R.3
  • 15
    • 79953890803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structural biology of Toll-like receptors
    • Botos I, Segal DM, Davies DR. The structural biology of Toll-like receptors. Structure 2011; 19: 447-59.
    • (2011) Structure , vol.19 , pp. 447-459
    • Botos, I.1    Segal, D.M.2    Davies, D.R.3
  • 16
    • 77249160271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localisation and trafficking of Toll-like receptors: an important mode of regulation
    • McGettrick AF, O'Neill LA. Localisation and trafficking of Toll-like receptors: an important mode of regulation. Curr Opin Immunol 2010; 22: 20-7.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.22 , pp. 20-27
    • McGettrick, A.F.1    O'Neill, L.A.2
  • 17
    • 2442565738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand-regulated chimeric receptor approach reveals distinctive subcellular localization and signaling properties of the Toll-like receptors
    • Nishiya T, DeFranco AL. Ligand-regulated chimeric receptor approach reveals distinctive subcellular localization and signaling properties of the Toll-like receptors. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 19008-17.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 19008-19017
    • Nishiya, T.1    DeFranco, A.L.2
  • 18
    • 27744526784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR3 and TLR7 are targeted to the same intracellular compartments by distinct regulatory elements
    • Nishiya T, Kajita E, Miwa S et al. TLR3 and TLR7 are targeted to the same intracellular compartments by distinct regulatory elements. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 37107-17.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 37107-37117
    • Nishiya, T.1    Kajita, E.2    Miwa, S.3
  • 19
    • 29244450802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular localization of Toll-like receptor 9 prevents recognition of self DNA but facilitates access to viral DNA
    • Barton GM, Kagan JC, Medzhitov R. Intracellular localization of Toll-like receptor 9 prevents recognition of self DNA but facilitates access to viral DNA. Nat Immunol 2006; 7: 49-56.
    • (2006) Nat Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 49-56
    • Barton, G.M.1    Kagan, J.C.2    Medzhitov, R.3
  • 20
    • 14644421029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isatoribine, a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist, significantly reduced plasma viral load in a clinical proof-of-concept study in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
    • Horsmans Y, Berg T, Desager J-P et al. Isatoribine, a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist, significantly reduced plasma viral load in a clinical proof-of-concept study in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 2004; 40: 282A-3A.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.40
    • Horsmans, Y.1    Berg, T.2    Desager, J.-P.3
  • 21
    • 18744399291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor signaling inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vivo
    • Isogawa M, Robek MD, Furuichi Y et al. Toll-like receptor signaling inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vivo. J Virol 2005; 79: 7269-72.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 7269-7272
    • Isogawa, M.1    Robek, M.D.2    Furuichi, Y.3
  • 22
    • 32444441329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of anti-hepatitis C virus responses via Toll-like receptor 7
    • Lee J, Wu CC, Lee KJ et al. Activation of anti-hepatitis C virus responses via Toll-like receptor 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 1828-33.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 1828-1833
    • Lee, J.1    Wu, C.C.2    Lee, K.J.3
  • 23
    • 34547647483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection
    • Thomas A, Laxton C, Rodman J et al. Investigating Toll-like receptor agonists for potential to treat hepatitis C virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 2969-78.
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 2969-2978
    • Thomas, A.1    Laxton, C.2    Rodman, J.3
  • 25
    • 24144461689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of MAVS, a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein that activates NF-κB and IRF 3
    • Seth RB, Sun L, Ea CK et al. Identification and characterization of MAVS, a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein that activates NF-κB and IRF 3. Cell 2005; 122: 669-82.
    • (2005) Cell , vol.122 , pp. 669-682
    • Seth, R.B.1    Sun, L.2    Ea, C.K.3
  • 26
    • 29144462494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus protease NS3/4A cleaves mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein off the mitochondria to evade innate immunity
    • Li XD, Sun L, Seth RB et al. Hepatitis C virus protease NS3/4A cleaves mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein off the mitochondria to evade innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 17717-22.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 17717-17722
    • Li, X.D.1    Sun, L.2    Seth, R.B.3
  • 27
    • 0036788192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-induced Mx proteins: dynamin-like GTPases with antiviral activity
    • Haller O, Kochs G. Interferon-induced Mx proteins: dynamin-like GTPases with antiviral activity. Traffic 2002; 3: 710-7.
    • (2002) Traffic , vol.3 , pp. 710-717
    • Haller, O.1    Kochs, G.2
  • 28
    • 33846603312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses
    • Lenschow DJ, Lai C, Frias-Staheli N et al. IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 1371-6.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 1371-1376
    • Lenschow, D.J.1    Lai, C.2    Frias-Staheli, N.3
  • 29
    • 0034767753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral actions of interferons
    • Samuel CE. Antiviral actions of interferons. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14: 778-809.
    • (2001) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.14 , pp. 778-809
    • Samuel, C.E.1
  • 30
    • 0027352378 scopus 로고
    • Interferon-induced antiviral actions and their regulation
    • Sen GC, Ransohoff RM. Interferon-induced antiviral actions and their regulation. Adv Virus Res 1993; 42: 57-102.
    • (1993) Adv Virus Res , vol.42 , pp. 57-102
    • Sen, G.C.1    Ransohoff, R.M.2
  • 31
    • 56249144846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small molecule modulators of Toll-like receptors
    • Czarniecki M. Small molecule modulators of Toll-like receptors. J Med Chem 2008; 51: 6621-6.
    • (2008) J Med Chem , vol.51 , pp. 6621-6626
    • Czarniecki, M.1
  • 32
    • 20844452063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and structure-activity-relationships of 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines that induce interferon production
    • Gerster JF, Lindstrom KJ, Miller RL et al. Synthesis and structure-activity-relationships of 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines that induce interferon production. J Med Chem 2005; 48: 3481-91.
    • (2005) J Med Chem , vol.48 , pp. 3481-3491
    • Gerster, J.F.1    Lindstrom, K.J.2    Miller, R.L.3
  • 34
    • 33144479922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The small-molecule immune response modifier imiquimod-its mode of action and clinical use in the treatment of skin cancer
    • Schon MP, Schon M. The small-molecule immune response modifier imiquimod-its mode of action and clinical use in the treatment of skin cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2006; 10: 69-76.
    • (2006) Expert Opin Ther Targets , vol.10 , pp. 69-76
    • Schon, M.P.1    Schon, M.2
  • 35
    • 0036008014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway
    • Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Takeuchi O et al. Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Nat Immunol 2002; 3: 196-200.
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 196-200
    • Hemmi, H.1    Kaisho, T.2    Takeuchi, O.3
  • 36
    • 0034903460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod-elicited emesis is mediated by the area postrema, but not by direct neuronal activation
    • Strominger NL, Brady R, Gullikson G et al. Imiquimod-elicited emesis is mediated by the area postrema, but not by direct neuronal activation. Brain Res Bull 2001; 55: 445-51.
    • (2001) Brain Res Bull , vol.55 , pp. 445-451
    • Strominger, N.L.1    Brady, R.2    Gullikson, G.3
  • 38
    • 33646591324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase IIa placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to determine the safety, tolerability, PK/PD of an oral interferon inducer, resiquimod, in chronic HCV
    • Pockros PJ, Tong M, Wright T. A phase IIa placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to determine the safety, tolerability, PK/PD of an oral interferon inducer, resiquimod, in chronic HCV. Gastroenterology 2003; 124: A766.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124
    • Pockros, P.J.1    Tong, M.2    Wright, T.3
  • 39
    • 12444341806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic TLR agonists reveal functional differences between human TLR7 and TLR8
    • Gorden KB, Gorski KS, Gibson SJ et al. Synthetic TLR agonists reveal functional differences between human TLR7 and TLR8. J Immunol 2005; 174: 1259-68.
    • (2005) J Immunol , vol.174 , pp. 1259-1268
    • Gorden, K.B.1    Gorski, K.S.2    Gibson, S.J.3
  • 41
    • 77953212611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity relationships in human Toll-like receptor 7-active imidazoquinoline analogues
    • Shukla NM, Malladi SS, Mutz CA et al. Structure-activity relationships in human Toll-like receptor 7-active imidazoquinoline analogues. J Med Chem 2010; 53: 4450-65.
    • (2010) J Med Chem , vol.53 , pp. 4450-4465
    • Shukla, N.M.1    Malladi, S.S.2    Mutz, C.A.3
  • 42
    • 84858625799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pfizer, (12 December, date last accessed)
    • Pfizer. Pfizer to Acquire Coley Pharmaceutical Group. http://www.pfizer.com/news/press_releases/pfizer_press_release_archive.jsp#guid=20071116005284en&source=RSS_2007&page=1 (12 December 2011, date last accessed).
    • (2011) Pfizer to Acquire Coley Pharmaceutical Group
  • 43
    • 79956306542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The innate immune response, clinical outcomes, and ex vivo HCV antiviral efficacy of a TLR7 agonist (PF-4878691)
    • Fidock MD, Souberbielle BE, Laxton C et al. The innate immune response, clinical outcomes, and ex vivo HCV antiviral efficacy of a TLR7 agonist (PF-4878691). Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 89: 821-9.
    • (2011) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.89 , pp. 821-829
    • Fidock, M.D.1    Souberbielle, B.E.2    Laxton, C.3
  • 44
    • 30544451774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isatoribine: anti-hepatitis C virus drug TLR7 receptor agonist
    • Davies SL, Castaner J, Fernandez D. Isatoribine: anti-hepatitis C virus drug TLR7 receptor agonist. Drugs Future 2005; 30: 886-91.
    • (2005) Drugs Future , vol.30 , pp. 886-891
    • Davies, S.L.1    Castaner, J.2    Fernandez, D.3
  • 46
    • 0038651180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of guanine nucleoside analogs: activation of Toll-like receptor 7
    • Lee J. Molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of guanine nucleoside analogs: activation of Toll-like receptor 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 6646-51.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 6646-6651
    • Lee, J.1
  • 47
    • 33747622584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masked oral prodrugs of Toll-like receptor 7 agonists: a new approach for the treatment of infectious disease
    • Fletcher S, Steffy K, Averett D. Masked oral prodrugs of Toll-like receptor 7 agonists: a new approach for the treatment of infectious disease. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 7: 702-8.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Investig Drugs , vol.7 , pp. 702-708
    • Fletcher, S.1    Steffy, K.2    Averett, D.3
  • 48
    • 84858635713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANA975, an orally administered TLR7 immunotherapeutic under evaluation for treatment of chronic HCV infection
    • Boston, MA
    • Averett D. ANA975, an orally administered TLR7 immunotherapeutic under evaluation for treatment of chronic HCV infection. In: The Third Annual Viral Hepatitis in Drug Discovery & Development World Summit, Boston, MA, 2007.
    • (2007) The Third Annual Viral Hepatitis in Drug Discovery & Development World Summit
    • Averett, D.1
  • 51
    • 7944219649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunotherapeutic utility of stimulatory and suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides
    • Ishii KJ, Gursel I, Gursel M et al. Immunotherapeutic utility of stimulatory and suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2004; 6: 166-74.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Mol Ther , vol.6 , pp. 166-174
    • Ishii, K.J.1    Gursel, I.2    Gursel, M.3
  • 52
    • 33745946911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of Toll-like receptor 9 activation
    • Krieg AM. Therapeutic potential of Toll-like receptor 9 activation. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5: 471-84.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.5 , pp. 471-484
    • Krieg, A.M.1
  • 53
    • 0142185281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology evaluation: CpG-7909, Coley
    • Paul S. Technology evaluation: CpG-7909, Coley. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2003; 5: 553-9.
    • (2003) Curr Opin Mol Ther , vol.5 , pp. 553-559
    • Paul, S.1
  • 54
    • 79960110662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized phase III trial of paclitaxel/carboplatin with or without PF-3512676 (Toll-like receptor 9 agonist) as first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
    • Hirsh V, Paz-Ares L, Boyer M et al. Randomized phase III trial of paclitaxel/carboplatin with or without PF-3512676 (Toll-like receptor 9 agonist) as first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 2667-74.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 2667-2674
    • Hirsh, V.1    Paz-Ares, L.2    Boyer, M.3
  • 55
    • 34547789747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, pharmacokinetics and immune effects in normal volunteers of CPG 10101 (ACTILON), an investigational synthetic Toll-like receptor 9 agonist
    • Vicari AP, Schmalbach T, Lekstrom-Himes J et al. Safety, pharmacokinetics and immune effects in normal volunteers of CPG 10101 (ACTILON), an investigational synthetic Toll-like receptor 9 agonist. Antivir Ther 2007; 12: 741-51.
    • (2007) Antivir Ther , vol.12 , pp. 741-751
    • Vicari, A.P.1    Schmalbach, T.2    Lekstrom-Himes, J.3
  • 56
    • 0037028041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of 8-hydroxyadenines as a novel type of interferon inducer
    • Hirota K, Kazaoka K, Niimoto I et al. Discovery of 8-hydroxyadenines as a novel type of interferon inducer. J Med Chem 2002; 45: 5419-22.
    • (2002) J Med Chem , vol.45 , pp. 5419-5422
    • Hirota, K.1    Kazaoka, K.2    Niimoto, I.3
  • 57
    • 12444283331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-substituted-8-hydroxyadenine derivatives as orally available interferon inducers without emetic side effects
    • Isobe Y, Tobe M, Ogita H et al. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-substituted-8-hydroxyadenine derivatives as orally available interferon inducers without emetic side effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11: 3641-7.
    • (2003) Bioorg Med Chem , vol.11 , pp. 3641-3647
    • Isobe, Y.1    Tobe, M.2    Ogita, H.3
  • 58
    • 0038402437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient synthesis of 2,9-disubstituted 8-hydroxyadenine derivatives
    • Hirota K, Kazaoka K, Niimoto I et al. Efficient synthesis of 2,9-disubstituted 8-hydroxyadenine derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1: 1354-65.
    • (2003) Org Biomol Chem , vol.1 , pp. 1354-1365
    • Hirota, K.1    Kazaoka, K.2    Niimoto, I.3
  • 59
    • 10744229283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted 8-hydroxyadenines as potent interferon inducers with improved oral bioavailabilities
    • Kurimoto A, Ogino T, Ichii S et al. Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted 8-hydroxyadenines as potent interferon inducers with improved oral bioavailabilities. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12: 1091-9.
    • (2004) Bioorg Med Chem , vol.12 , pp. 1091-1099
    • Kurimoto, A.1    Ogino, T.2    Ichii, S.3
  • 60
    • 33645393217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 9-substituted-8-hydroxyadenine derivatives as potent interferon inducers
    • Isobe Y, Kurimoto A, Tobe M et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 9-substituted-8-hydroxyadenine derivatives as potent interferon inducers. J Med Chem 2006; 49: 2088-95.
    • (2006) J Med Chem , vol.49 , pp. 2088-2095
    • Isobe, Y.1    Kurimoto, A.2    Tobe, M.3
  • 62
    • 77950568149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and biological evaluation of 8-oxoadenine derivatives as Toll-like receptor 7 agonists introducing the antedrug concept
    • Kurimoto A, Hashimoto K, Nakamura T et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 8-oxoadenine derivatives as Toll-like receptor 7 agonists introducing the antedrug concept. J Med Chem 2010; 53: 2964-72.
    • (2010) J Med Chem , vol.53 , pp. 2964-2972
    • Kurimoto, A.1    Hashimoto, K.2    Nakamura, T.3
  • 63
    • 66349131067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of modified and hybrid protein derived biopolymers
    • Weterings JJ, Khan S, Drijfhout JW et al. Synthesis of modified and hybrid protein derived biopolymers. Adv Exp Med Biol 2009; 611: 141-2.
    • (2009) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.611 , pp. 141-142
    • Weterings, J.J.1    Khan, S.2    Drijfhout, J.W.3
  • 64
    • 79952528002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discovery of a novel prototype small molecule TLR7 agonist for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection
    • Pryde DC, Tran T-D, Jones P et al. The discovery of a novel prototype small molecule TLR7 agonist for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Med Chem Commun 2011; 2: 185-9.
    • (2011) Med Chem Commun , vol.2 , pp. 185-189
    • Pryde, D.C.1    Tran, T.-D.2    Jones, P.3
  • 68
    • 84858654213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase-I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single escalating oral doses of GS-9620 in healthy subjects
    • Abstract 614
    • Lopatin U, Wolfgang G, Kimberlin R et al. A phase-I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single escalating oral doses of GS-9620 in healthy subjects. In: Abstracts of the Forty-sixth Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver, Berlin, 2011. Abstract 614.
    • (2011) Abstracts of the Forty-sixth Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver, Berlin
    • Lopatin, U.1    Wolfgang, G.2    Kimberlin, R.3
  • 69
    • 10744227784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dinucleotide motif in oligonucleotides shows potent immunomodulatory activity and overrides species-specific recognition observed with CpG motif
    • Kandimalla ER, Bhagat L, Zhu F-g et al. A dinucleotide motif in oligonucleotides shows potent immunomodulatory activity and overrides species-specific recognition observed with CpG motif. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 14303-8.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 14303-14308
    • Kandimalla, E.R.1    Bhagat, L.2    Zhu, F.-G.3
  • 70
    • 21044444274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulatory oligonucleotides containing a cytosine-phosphate-2'-deoxy-7-deazaguanosine motif as potent Toll-like receptor 9 agonists
    • Kandimalla ER, Bhagat L, Li Y et al. Immunomodulatory oligonucleotides containing a cytosine-phosphate-2'-deoxy-7-deazaguanosine motif as potent Toll-like receptor 9 agonists. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 6925-30.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 6925-6930
    • Kandimalla, E.R.1    Bhagat, L.2    Li, Y.3
  • 71
    • 77952046733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of nature and length of linker incorporated in agonists on Toll-like receptor 9-mediated immune responses
    • Putta MR, Yu D, Bhagat L et al. Impact of nature and length of linker incorporated in agonists on Toll-like receptor 9-mediated immune responses. J Med Chem 2010; 53: 3730-8.
    • (2010) J Med Chem , vol.53 , pp. 3730-3738
    • Putta, M.R.1    Yu, D.2    Bhagat, L.3
  • 72
    • 23344433384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology evaluation: HYB-2055, hybridon
    • Switaj T, Lasek W. Technology evaluation: HYB-2055, hybridon. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2005; 7: 376-83.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Mol Ther , vol.7 , pp. 376-383
    • Switaj, T.1    Lasek, W.2
  • 75
    • 71049181854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 7 selective synthetic oligoribonucleotide agonists: synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies
    • Lan T, Dai M, Wang D et al. Toll-like receptor 7 selective synthetic oligoribonucleotide agonists: synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies. J Med Chem 2009; 52: 6871-9.
    • (2009) J Med Chem , vol.52 , pp. 6871-6879
    • Lan, T.1    Dai, M.2    Wang, D.3
  • 76
    • 65649154649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral role of Toll-like receptor-3 agonists against seasonal and avian influenza viruses
    • Wong JP, Christopher ME, Viswanathan S et al. Antiviral role of Toll-like receptor-3 agonists against seasonal and avian influenza viruses. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15: 1269-74.
    • (2009) Curr Pharm Des , vol.15 , pp. 1269-1274
    • Wong, J.P.1    Christopher, M.E.2    Viswanathan, S.3
  • 77
    • 77952534501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of interferon response through Toll-like receptor 3 impacts viral pathogenesis and pulmonary Toll-like receptor expression during respiratory syncytial virus and influenza infections in the cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus model
    • Boukhvalova MS, Sotomayor TB, Point RC et al. Activation of interferon response through Toll-like receptor 3 impacts viral pathogenesis and pulmonary Toll-like receptor expression during respiratory syncytial virus and influenza infections in the cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus model. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30: 229-42.
    • (2010) J Interferon Cytokine Res , vol.30 , pp. 229-242
    • Boukhvalova, M.S.1    Sotomayor, T.B.2    Point, R.C.3
  • 78
    • 77951003656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with radiation and temozolomide in research studies in the United States
    • Grossman SA, Ye X, Piantadosi S et al. Survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with radiation and temozolomide in research studies in the United States. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16: 2443-9.
    • (2010) Clin Cancer Res , vol.16 , pp. 2443-2449
    • Grossman, S.A.1    Ye, X.2    Piantadosi, S.3
  • 79
    • 78650138274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-institution phase II study of poly-ICLC and radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide in adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma
    • Rosenfeld MR, Chamberlain MC, Grossman SA et al. A multi-institution phase II study of poly-ICLC and radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide in adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2010; 12: 1071-7.
    • (2010) Neuro Oncol , vol.12 , pp. 1071-1077
    • Rosenfeld, M.R.1    Chamberlain, M.C.2    Grossman, S.A.3
  • 80
    • 33846181945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of a dual Toll-like receptor 7 and Toll-like receptor 8 agonist protects against influenza in rats
    • Hammerbeck DM, Burleson GR, Schuller CJ et al. Administration of a dual Toll-like receptor 7 and Toll-like receptor 8 agonist protects against influenza in rats. Antiviral Res 2007; 73: 1-11.
    • (2007) Antiviral Res , vol.73 , pp. 1-11
    • Hammerbeck, D.M.1    Burleson, G.R.2    Schuller, C.J.3
  • 81
    • 33747201640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique efficacy of Toll-like receptor 8 agonists in activating human neonatal antigen-presenting cells
    • Levy O, Suter EE, Miller RL et al. Unique efficacy of Toll-like receptor 8 agonists in activating human neonatal antigen-presenting cells. Blood 2006; 108: 1284-90.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 1284-1290
    • Levy, O.1    Suter, E.E.2    Miller, R.L.3
  • 84
    • 13944257660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic double-stranded RNA poly(I:C) combined with mucosal vaccine protects against influenza virus infection
    • Ichinohe T, Watanabe I, Ito S et al. Synthetic double-stranded RNA poly(I:C) combined with mucosal vaccine protects against influenza virus infection. J Virol 2005; 79: 2910-9.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 2910-2919
    • Ichinohe, T.1    Watanabe, I.2    Ito, S.3
  • 85
    • 33947589836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleic acid-based antiviral drugs against seasonal and avian influenza viruses
    • Wong JP, Christopher ME, Salazar AM et al. Nucleic acid-based antiviral drugs against seasonal and avian influenza viruses. Vaccine 2007; 25: 3175-8.
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , pp. 3175-3178
    • Wong, J.P.1    Christopher, M.E.2    Salazar, A.M.3
  • 86
    • 20244369887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 agonists stimulate innate resistance to infectious challenge
    • Cluff CW, Baldridge JR, Stoever AG et al. Synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 agonists stimulate innate resistance to infectious challenge. Infect Immun 2005; 73: 3044-52.
    • (2005) Infect Immun , vol.73 , pp. 3044-3052
    • Cluff, C.W.1    Baldridge, J.R.2    Stoever, A.G.3
  • 87
    • 34247216575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunotherapeutic activity of a conjugate of a Toll-like receptor 7 ligand
    • Wu CCN, Hayashi T, Takabayashi K et al. Immunotherapeutic activity of a conjugate of a Toll-like receptor 7 ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 3990-5.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 3990-3995
    • Wu, C.C.N.1    Hayashi, T.2    Takabayashi, K.3
  • 90
    • 79955079057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monophosphoryl lipid A and synthetic lipid A mimetics as TLR4-based adjuvants and immunomodulators
    • Secaucus, NJ: Springer
    • Baldridge J, Myers K, Johnson D et al. Monophosphoryl lipid A and synthetic lipid A mimetics as TLR4-based adjuvants and immunomodulators. In: Vaccine Adjuvants: Methods and Protocols. Secaucus, NJ: Springer, 2006; 235-55.
    • (2006) Vaccine Adjuvants: Methods and Protocols , pp. 235-255
    • Baldridge, J.1    Myers, K.2    Johnson, D.3
  • 92
    • 0027998236 scopus 로고
    • Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds
    • Reitz AB, Goodman MG, Pope BL et al. Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds. J Med Chem 1994; 37: 3561-78.
    • (1994) J Med Chem , vol.37 , pp. 3561-3578
    • Reitz, A.B.1    Goodman, M.G.2    Pope, B.L.3
  • 98
    • 79955088827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B surface antigen-1018 ISS adjuvant-containing vaccine: a review of HEPLISAV safety and efficacy
    • Cooper C, Mackie D. Hepatitis B surface antigen-1018 ISS adjuvant-containing vaccine: a review of HEPLISAV safety and efficacy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2011; 10: 417-27.
    • (2011) Expert Rev Vaccines , vol.10 , pp. 417-427
    • Cooper, C.1    Mackie, D.2
  • 99
    • 67650487106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of a TLR-9 agonist (1018 ISS) with rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma
    • Friedberg JW, Kelly JL, Neuberg D et al. Phase II study of a TLR-9 agonist (1018 ISS) with rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2009; 146: 282-91.
    • (2009) Br J Haematol , vol.146 , pp. 282-291
    • Friedberg, J.W.1    Kelly, J.L.2    Neuberg, D.3
  • 101
    • 0037687422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of interferon regulatory factor-3 by the hepatitis C virus serine protease
    • Foy E, Li K, Wang C et al. Regulation of interferon regulatory factor-3 by the hepatitis C virus serine protease. Science 2003; 300: 1145-8
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 1145-1148
    • Foy, E.1    Li, K.2    Wang, C.3
  • 102
    • 20144379712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants of TRIF proteolysis mediated by the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease
    • Ferreon JC, Ferreon AC, Li K et al. Molecular determinants of TRIF proteolysis mediated by the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 20483-92.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 20483-20492
    • Ferreon, J.C.1    Ferreon, A.C.2    Li, K.3
  • 103
    • 20044379559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of antiviral defenses through hepatitis C virus disruption of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I signaling
    • Foy E, Li K, Sumpter R Jr et al. Control of antiviral defenses through hepatitis C virus disruption of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 2986-91.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 2986-2991
    • Foy, E.1    Li, K.2    Sumpter Jr., R.3
  • 104
    • 34249845169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional and therapeutic analysis of hepatitis C virus NS3,4A protease control of antiviral immune defense
    • Johnson CL, Owen DM, Gale M Jr. Functional and therapeutic analysis of hepatitis C virus NS3.4A protease control of antiviral immune defense. J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 10792-803.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 10792-10803
    • Johnson, C.L.1    Owen, D.M.2    Gale Jr., M.3
  • 105
    • 77956225515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telaprevir: a new hope in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C?
    • Fowell AJ, Nash KL. Telaprevir: a new hope in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C? Adv Ther 2010; 27: 512-22.
    • (2010) Adv Ther , vol.27 , pp. 512-522
    • Fowell, A.J.1    Nash, K.L.2
  • 106
    • 34547135460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7)-mediated interferon signal transduction by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral IRF homolog vIRF3
    • Joo CH, Shin YC, Gack M et al. Inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7)-mediated interferon signal transduction by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral IRF homolog vIRF3. J Virol 2007; 81: 8282-92.
    • (2007) J Virol , vol.81 , pp. 8282-8292
    • Joo, C.H.1    Shin, Y.C.2    Gack, M.3
  • 107
    • 0034730146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A46R and A52R from vaccinia virus are antagonists of host IL-1 and Toll-like receptor signaling
    • Bowie A, Kiss-Toth E, Symons JA et al. A46R and A52R from vaccinia virus are antagonists of host IL-1 and Toll-like receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 10162-7.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , pp. 10162-10167
    • Bowie, A.1    Kiss-Toth, E.2    Symons, J.A.3
  • 108
    • 4344600796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poxvirus protein N1L targets the I-κB kinase complex, inhibits signaling to NF-κB by the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of receptors, and inhibits NF-κB and IRF3 signaling by Toll-like receptors
    • DiPerna G, Stack J, Bowie AG et al. Poxvirus protein N1L targets the I-κB kinase complex, inhibits signaling to NF-κB by the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of receptors, and inhibits NF-κB and IRF3 signaling by Toll-like receptors. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 36570-8.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 36570-36578
    • DiPerna, G.1    Stack, J.2    Bowie, A.G.3
  • 109
    • 10344259136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The V proteins of paramyxoviruses bind the IFN-inducible RNA helicase, mda-5, and inhibit its activation of the IFN-β promoter
    • Andrejeva J, Childs KS, Young DF et al. The V proteins of paramyxoviruses bind the IFN-inducible RNA helicase, mda-5, and inhibit its activation of the IFN-β promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 17264-9.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 17264-17269
    • Andrejeva, J.1    Childs, K.S.2    Young, D.F.3
  • 110
    • 33846863325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mda-5, but not RIG-I, is a common target for paramyxovirus V proteins
    • Childs K, Stock N, Ross C et al. mda-5, but not RIG-I, is a common target for paramyxovirus V proteins. Virology 2007; 359: 190-200.
    • (2007) Virology , vol.359 , pp. 190-200
    • Childs, K.1    Stock, N.2    Ross, C.3
  • 111
    • 33745242372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza virus evades innate and adaptive immunity via the NS1 protein
    • Fernandez-Sesma A, Marukian S, Ebersole BJ et al. Influenza virus evades innate and adaptive immunity via the NS1 protein. J Virol 2006; 80: 6295-304.
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 6295-6304
    • Fernandez-Sesma, A.1    Marukian, S.2    Ebersole, B.J.3
  • 112
    • 33748416499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine storm in a phase 1 trial of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412
    • Suntharalingam G, Perry MR, Ward S et al. Cytokine storm in a phase 1 trial of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1018-28.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 1018-1028
    • Suntharalingam, G.1    Perry, M.R.2    Ward, S.3
  • 113
    • 27144449017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic administration of a TLR7 ligand leads to transient immune incompetence due to peripheral-blood leukocyte depletion
    • Gunzer M, Riemann H, Basoglu Y et al. Systemic administration of a TLR7 ligand leads to transient immune incompetence due to peripheral-blood leukocyte depletion. Blood 2005; 106: 2424-32.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 2424-2432
    • Gunzer, M.1    Riemann, H.2    Basoglu, Y.3
  • 114
    • 0023019782 scopus 로고
    • Influenza virus infection induces functional alterations in peripheral blood lymphocytes
    • Lewis DE, Gilbert BE, Knight V. Influenza virus infection induces functional alterations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Immunol 1986; 137: 3777-81.
    • (1986) J Immunol , vol.137 , pp. 3777-3781
    • Lewis, D.E.1    Gilbert, B.E.2    Knight, V.3
  • 115
    • 4043117647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia
    • Madhi SA, Klugman KP. A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia. Nat Med 2004; 10: 811-3.
    • (2004) Nat Med , vol.10 , pp. 811-813
    • Madhi, S.A.1    Klugman, K.P.2
  • 116
    • 3042548183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 9-dependent and -independent dendritic cell activation by chromatin-immunoglobulin G complexes
    • Boule MW, Broughton C, Mackay F et al. Toll-like receptor 9-dependent and -independent dendritic cell activation by chromatin-immunoglobulin G complexes. J Exp Med 2004; 199: 1631-40.
    • (2004) J Exp Med , vol.199 , pp. 1631-1640
    • Boule, M.W.1    Broughton, C.2    Mackay, F.3
  • 117
    • 22944490869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 9 controls anti-DNA autoantibody production in murine lupus
    • Christensen SR, Kashgarian M, Alexopoulou L et al. Toll-like receptor 9 controls anti-DNA autoantibody production in murine lupus. J Exp Med 2005; 202: 321-31.
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.202 , pp. 321-331
    • Christensen, S.R.1    Kashgarian, M.2    Alexopoulou, L.3
  • 118
    • 0033038486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-articularly localized bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs induces arthritis
    • Deng GM, Nilsson IM, Verdrengh M et al. Intra-articularly localized bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs induces arthritis. Nat Med 1999; 5: 702-5.
    • (1999) Nat Med , vol.5 , pp. 702-705
    • Deng, G.M.1    Nilsson, I.M.2    Verdrengh, M.3
  • 119
    • 33846190681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR9-signaling pathways are involved in Kilham rat virus-induced autoimmune diabetes in the biobreeding diabetes-resistant rat
    • Zipris D, Lien E, Nair A et al. TLR9-signaling pathways are involved in Kilham rat virus-induced autoimmune diabetes in the biobreeding diabetes-resistant rat. J Immunol 2007; 178: 693-701.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.178 , pp. 693-701
    • Zipris, D.1    Lien, E.2    Nair, A.3
  • 120
    • 23944497673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral double-stranded RNA aggravates lupus nephritis through Toll-like receptor 3 on glomerular mesangial cells and antigen-presenting cells
    • Patole PS, Grone HJ, Segerer S et al. Viral double-stranded RNA aggravates lupus nephritis through Toll-like receptor 3 on glomerular mesangial cells and antigen-presenting cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16: 1326-38.
    • (2005) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.16 , pp. 1326-1338
    • Patole, P.S.1    Grone, H.J.2    Segerer, S.3
  • 121
    • 84858684308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors as pharmacological targets
    • O'Neill LA, Brint E, eds. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag AG
    • Conti B, Davis CN, Behrens MM et al. Toll-like receptors as pharmacological targets. In: O'Neill LA, Brint E, eds. Toll-like Receptors in Inflammation. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag AG, 2006; 223-40.
    • (2006) Toll-like Receptors in Inflammation , pp. 223-240
    • Conti, B.1    Davis, C.N.2    Behrens, M.M.3
  • 123
    • 34249677845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic targeting of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor agonists and antagonists
    • Kanzler H, Barrat FJ, Hessel EM et al. Therapeutic targeting of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor agonists and antagonists. Nat Med 2007; 13: 552-9.
    • (2007) Nat Med , vol.13 , pp. 552-559
    • Kanzler, H.1    Barrat, F.J.2    Hessel, E.M.3
  • 124
    • 0036340341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemagglutinin protein of wild-type measles virus activates Toll-like receptor 2 signaling
    • Bieback K, Lien E, Klagge IM et al. Hemagglutinin protein of wild-type measles virus activates Toll-like receptor 2 signaling. J Virol 2002; 76: 8729-36.
    • (2002) J Virol , vol.76 , pp. 8729-8736
    • Bieback, K.1    Lien, E.2    Klagge, I.M.3
  • 125
    • 0035909372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
    • Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R et al. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 2001; 413: 732-8.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 732-738
    • Alexopoulou, L.1    Holt, A.C.2    Medzhitov, R.3
  • 126
    • 0036076593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment of a monoclonal antibody against human Toll-like receptor 3 that blocks double-stranded RNA-mediated signaling
    • Matsumoto M, Kikkawa S, Kohase M et al. Establishment of a monoclonal antibody against human Toll-like receptor 3 that blocks double-stranded RNA-mediated signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293: 1364-9.
    • (2002) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.293 , pp. 1364-1369
    • Matsumoto, M.1    Kikkawa, S.2    Kohase, M.3
  • 127
    • 33947206046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: influenza A virus activates TLR3-dependent inflammatory and RIG-I-dependent antiviral responses in human lung epithelial cells
    • Le Goffic R, Pothlichet J, Vitour D et al. Cutting edge: influenza A virus activates TLR3-dependent inflammatory and RIG-I-dependent antiviral responses in human lung epithelial cells. J Immunol 2007; 178: 3368-72.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.178 , pp. 3368-3372
    • Le Goffic, R.1    Pothlichet, J.2    Vitour, D.3
  • 128
    • 14044267522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of Toll-like receptor 3 in the immune response of lung epithelial cells to double-stranded RNA and influenza A virus
    • Guillot L, Le Goffic R, Bloch S et al. Involvement of Toll-like receptor 3 in the immune response of lung epithelial cells to double-stranded RNA and influenza A virus. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 5571-80.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 5571-5580
    • Guillot, L.1    Le Goffic, R.2    Bloch, S.3
  • 129
    • 3843125543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of Toll-like receptor 4 versus interleukin-12 in immunity to respiratory syncytial virus
    • Ehl S, Bischoff R, Ostler T et al. The role of Toll-like receptor 4 versus interleukin-12 in immunity to respiratory syncytial virus. Eur J Immunol 2004; 34: 1146-53.
    • (2004) Eur J Immunol , vol.34 , pp. 1146-1153
    • Ehl, S.1    Bischoff, R.2    Ostler, T.3
  • 130
    • 5944261457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus
    • Kurt-Jones EA, Popova L, Kwinn L et al. Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus. Nat Immunol 2000; 1: 398-401.
    • (2000) Nat Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 398-401
    • Kurt-Jones, E.A.1    Popova, L.2    Kwinn, L.3
  • 131
    • 0347362785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory syncytial virus up-regulates TLR4 and sensitizes airway epithelial cells to endotoxin
    • Monick MM, Yarovinsky TO, Powers LS et al. Respiratory syncytial virus up-regulates TLR4 and sensitizes airway epithelial cells to endotoxin. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 53035-44.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 53035-53044
    • Monick, M.M.1    Yarovinsky, T.O.2    Powers, L.S.3
  • 132
    • 34247577195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G activates a specific antiviral Toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway
    • Georgel P, Jiang Z, Kunz S et al. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G activates a specific antiviral Toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway. Virology 2007; 362: 304-13.
    • (2007) Virology , vol.362 , pp. 304-313
    • Georgel, P.1    Jiang, Z.2    Kunz, S.3
  • 133
    • 1542317578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via Toll-like receptor 7 and 8
    • Heil F, Hemmi H, Hochrein H et al. Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via Toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science 2004; 303: 1526-9.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 1526-1529
    • Heil, F.1    Hemmi, H.2    Hochrein, H.3
  • 134
    • 23844454637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR8 and TLR7 are involved in the host's immune response to human parechovirus 1
    • Triantafilou K, Vakakis E, Orthopoulos G et al. TLR8 and TLR7 are involved in the host's immune response to human parechovirus 1. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35: 2416-23.
    • (2005) Eur J Immunol , vol.35 , pp. 2416-2423
    • Triantafilou, K.1    Vakakis, E.2    Orthopoulos, G.3
  • 135
    • 12344263746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cells respond to influenza virus through TLR7- and PKR-independent pathways
    • Barchet W, Krug A, Cella M et al. Dendritic cells respond to influenza virus through TLR7- and PKR-independent pathways. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35: 236-42.
    • (2005) Eur J Immunol , vol.35 , pp. 236-242
    • Barchet, W.1    Krug, A.2    Cella, M.3
  • 136
    • 1842631428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by Toll-like receptor 7
    • Lund JM, Alexopoulou L, Sato A et al. Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by Toll-like receptor 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 5598-603.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 5598-5603
    • Lund, J.M.1    Alexopoulou, L.2    Sato, A.3
  • 137
    • 3843103508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herpes simplex virus type-1 induces IFN-α production via Toll-like receptor 9-dependent and -independent pathways
    • Hochrein H, Schlatter B, O'Keeffe M et al. Herpes simplex virus type-1 induces IFN-α production via Toll-like receptor 9-dependent and -independent pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 11416-21.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 11416-11421
    • Hochrein, H.1    Schlatter, B.2    O'Keeffe, M.3
  • 138
    • 0042123694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
    • Lund J, Sato A, Akira S et al. Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2003; 198: 513-20.
    • (2003) J Exp Med , vol.198 , pp. 513-520
    • Lund, J.1    Sato, A.2    Akira, S.3
  • 139
    • 33748957516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intact TRL 9 and type I interferon signaling pathways are required to augment HSV-1 induced corneal CXCL9 and CXCL10
    • Wuest T, Austin BA, Uematsu S et al. Intact TRL 9 and type I interferon signaling pathways are required to augment HSV-1 induced corneal CXCL9 and CXCL10. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 179: 46-52.
    • (2006) J Neuroimmunol , vol.179 , pp. 46-52
    • Wuest, T.1    Austin, B.A.2    Uematsu, S.3
  • 140
    • 0036521725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 9 mediates CpG-DNA signaling
    • Chuang TH, Lee J, Kline L et al. Toll-like receptor 9 mediates CpG-DNA signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2002; 71: 538-44.
    • (2002) J Leukoc Biol , vol.71 , pp. 538-544
    • Chuang, T.H.1    Lee, J.2    Kline, L.3
  • 141
    • 33750976374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5'-Triphosphate RNA is the ligand for RIG-I
    • Hornung V, Ellegast J, Kim S et al. 5'-Triphosphate RNA is the ligand for RIG-I. Science 2006; 314: 994-7.
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 994-997
    • Hornung, V.1    Ellegast, J.2    Kim, S.3
  • 142
    • 3242813113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses
    • Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Natsukawa T et al. The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses. Nat Immunol 2004; 5: 730-7.
    • (2004) Nat Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 730-737
    • Yoneyama, M.1    Kikuchi, M.2    Natsukawa, T.3
  • 143
    • 34547157869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytosolic 5'-triphosphate ended viral leader transcript of measles virus as activator of the RIG I-mediated interferon response
    • Plumet S, Herschke F, Bourhis JM et al. Cytosolic 5'-triphosphate ended viral leader transcript of measles virus as activator of the RIG I-mediated interferon response. PLoS ONE 2007; 2: e279.
    • (2007) PLoS ONE , vol.2
    • Plumet, S.1    Herschke, F.2    Bourhis, J.M.3
  • 144
    • 33646586031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical imiquimod: mechanism of action and clinical applications
    • Vidal D. Topical imiquimod: mechanism of action and clinical applications. Mini Rev Med Chem 2006; 6: 499-503.
    • (2006) Mini Rev Med Chem , vol.6 , pp. 499-503
    • Vidal, D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.