Combination of essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia and iodine in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in children

Journal of Drugs in Dermatology

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 349-354

  Markum, Eric ^a   Baillie, John ^a  

^a Center for Biomedical Research Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESSENTIAL OIL; IODINE;

APPLICATION SITE REACTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MELALEUCA; MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM; SKIN REDNESS; TREATMENT DURATION;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG COMBINATIONS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INFANT; IODINE; MALE; MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM; TEA TREE OIL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84858628830     PISSN: 15459616     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Bateman F. Molluscum contagiosum. In: Shelley WB, Crissey JT, eds. Classics in Dermatology. Springfield IL; Charles C Thomas, 1953;20.
2. Molluscum Contagiosum. eMedicineHealth [online]. Available at: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/molluscum-contagiosum/article-em.htm.
3. Husar K, Skerlev M. Molluscum contagiosum from infancy to maturity. Clin Dermatol. 2002;20:170-172. (Pubitemid 34406433)
4. Gottlieb SL, Muskows PL. Molluscum Contagiosum. Int J Derm. 1994;33:453-461. (Pubitemid 24227502)
5. Baldwin HE. STD update: screening and therapeutic options. Int J Fertil Womens Med. 2001;46:79-88.
6. Becker TM, Blout JH, Douglas J, Judson FM. Trends in molluscum contagiosum in the U.S. 1966-93. Sex Transm Dis. 1996;13:88-92.
7. Schwartz JJ, Muskowski PL. Molluscum contagiosum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Acad Derm. 1992;27:583-585.
8. Senkevich TG, Koonin EV, Bugert JJ, Darai G, Moss B. The genome of molluscum contagiosum virus: analysis and comparison with other poxviruses. Virology. 1997;1233:9-42.
9. Dohil P, Lin J, Lee A, Lucky A. Paller L, Eichenfield LF. The epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children. J Amer Acad Derm. 2006;54:47-54. (Pubitemid 41832456)
10. Danzall, BG, Witson GR Molluscu contagiosum in a red kangaroo. Aust J Derm. 1974;15:115-117.
11. Van Resburg IB, Collett MG, Ronen N, Gerdes T. Molluscunm contatiosum in a horse. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1991;62:72-74.
12. Habif TP. Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy. 2nd Ed., St. Louis: CV Mosby Co, 1990;248-249.
13. Moss B, Shisler JL, Xiang Y, Senkevich TG. Immune-defense molecules of molluscum contagiosum virus, a human poxvirus. Trends Microbiol. 2000;10:473-477.
14. Diven DG. Recent advances in moll cont virus res. Arch Virol Suppl. 1997;13:35-47.
15. Silverberg NB, Sidbury R, Mancini AJ. Childhood molluscum contagiosum: experience with cantharidin therapy in 300 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43:503-507. (Pubitemid 30666743)
16. Romiti R, Ribeiro AP, Romiti N. Evaluation of the effectiveness of 5% potassium hydroxide for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. Pediatr Dermatol. 2000;17:495-498.
17. Hanson D, Diven DG. Molluscum Contagiosum. Dermatol Online J. 2003;9:2-13.
18. Berman P, Poochareon VN, Villa AM. Novel dermatologic uses of the immune response modifier imiquimod 5% cream. Skin Therapy Lett. 2002;7:1-6.
19. Smith KJ, Skelton H. Molluscum contagiosum: recent advances in pathogenic mechanisms, and new therapies. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3:35-45.
20. Burke BE, Baillie JE, Olson RD. Essential oil of Australian lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in children. Biomed Pharmaco. 2004;58:245-247. (Pubitemid 38746751)
21. Hayes AJ, Markovic B. Toxicity of Australian essential oil of Backhousia citriodora (Lemon myrtle). Part 1. Antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol. 2002;40:535-543. (Pubitemid 34219280)
22. Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley TV. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;1:50-62. (Pubitemid 43158450)
23. Penfold AR, Grant R. The germicidal values of some Australian essential oils and their pure consituents. J Proc Royal Soc NSW. 1925;59:346-350.
24. Carson CF, Riley TV. Antimicrobial activity of the major components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J Appl Bacteriol. 1995;78:264-269.
25. Carson CF, Riley TV. Susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. Lett Appl Micro. 1994;19:24-25.
26. Carson CF, Riley TV. The antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil. Med J Austr. 1994;160:236-239.
27. Carson CF, Cookson BD, Farrelly HD, Riley TV. Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1995;35:421-424.
28. Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley TV. Broth micro-dilution method for determining the susceptibility of Eschericha. coli and Staphylococcus aureus to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. Microbios. 1995;82:181-185.
29. Elsom G. Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to tea tree oil and mupirocin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999;43:427-428. (Pubitemid 29121889)
30. Belaiche P. Treatment of skin and nail infections with the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia-Cheel. Phytother. 1985;15:15-18.
31. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Susceptibility of transient and commensal skin flora to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). Am J Inf Control. 1996;243:186-189. (Pubitemid 26231018)
32. Nakamura J, Muraki Y, Yamada M, Hatano Y, Nii S. Analysis of molluscum contagiosum virus genomes isolated in Japan. J Med Virol. 1995;46:339-48.
33. Porter CD, Archard LC. Characterization by restriction mapping of subtypes of moll cont virus. J Med Virol. 1992;38:1-5.
34. Odom RB, James WD, Berger TG. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. 2000;501-503.
35. Wutzler P, Sauerbrei A, Klocking R, Brogmann B, Reimer K. Virucidal activity and cytotoxicity of the liposomal formulation of providoneiodine. Antiviral Res. 2002;54:89-97. (Pubitemid 34327687)
36. Murray PR. Medical Microbiology. 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby. 2005;381-383.
37. Reynolds JEF ed. (1989) Martindale, the extra pharmacopoeia. 29th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press. 1989;1184-1186.
38. Dela Cruz F, Brown DH, Leiken JB. Iodine absorption after topical administration. West J Med. 1987;146:43-45. (Pubitemid 17004893)
39. Centers for Disease Control recommendations available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/molluscum/swimming/swimming-recommendations.htm.
40. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV, Neilsen JB. A review of the toxicity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006;44:616-625.
41. Fritz TM, Burg G, Krasovec M. Allergic contact dermatitis in cosmetics containing Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2001;128:123-126. (Pubitemid 32222546)
42. Hausen BM, Reichling J, Harkenthal M. Degradation products of monoterpens are the sensitizing agents in tea tree oil. Am J. Contact Dermat. 1999;10:68-77. (Pubitemid 29269405)
43. Schnitzler P, Schon K, Reichling J. Antiviral activity of Australian tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil against herpes simplex virus in cell culture. Pharmazie. 2001;56:343-347. (Pubitemid 32323129)
44. Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils. Phytother Res. 2010;24:673-679.
45. Millar BC, Moore JE. Successful topical treatment of hand warts in a paediatric patient with tea tree oil. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2008;14:225-227.
46. Murray KE. The essential oils of 5 western Australian plants. Royal Australian Chemical Institute and Proceedings. 1950;17:398-410.
47. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV, Neilsen JB. A review of the toxicity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006;44:616-625.
48. Cross SE, Russell M, Southwell I, Roberts MS. Human skin penetration of the major components of Australian tea tree oil applied in its pure form and as a 20% solution in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008;69;214-222. (Pubitemid 351467164)
49. Reichling J, Landvatter U, Wagner H, Kostka KH, Schaefer UF. In vitro studies on release and human skin permeation of Australian tea tree oil (TTO) from topical formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2006;64:222-228. (Pubitemid 44291994)