메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 693-704

In situ remediation of contaminated sediments using carbonaceous materials

Author keywords

Activated carbon; Ecotoxicological risks; Sediment remediation; Sorption

Indexed keywords

AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; BENEFICIAL EFFECTS; BENTHIC ORGANISMS; BLACK CARBON; CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; DATA SETS; ECOTOXICOLOGICAL RISKS; FIELD TRIAL; HABITAT QUALITY; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC COMPOUND; IN-SITU REMEDIATION; POREWATER CONCENTRATIONS; SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTIC; SEDIMENT REMEDIATION;

EID: 84858621315     PISSN: 07307268     EISSN: 15528618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/etc.1763     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (99)

References (106)
  • 1
    • 0346673134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soot as a strong partition medium for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic systems
    • Eaganhouse RP, ed, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA
    • Gustafsson Ö, Gschwend PM. 1997. Soot as a strong partition medium for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic systems. In Eaganhouse RP, ed, Molecular Markers in Environmental Geochemistry. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp 365-381.
    • (1997) Molecular Markers in Environmental Geochemistry , pp. 365-381
    • Gustafsson, O.1    Gschwend, P.M.2
  • 2
    • 0021890063 scopus 로고
    • Contaminated sediments of lakes and oceans act as sources of chlorinated hydrocarbons for release to water and atmosphere
    • Larsson P. 1985. Contaminated sediments of lakes and oceans act as sources of chlorinated hydrocarbons for release to water and atmosphere. Nature 317: 347-349.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.317 , pp. 347-349
    • Larsson, P.1
  • 3
    • 0021890675 scopus 로고
    • Impact of tubificid oligochaetes on pollutant transport in bottom sediments
    • Karickhoff SW, Morris KR. 1985. Impact of tubificid oligochaetes on pollutant transport in bottom sediments. Environ Sci Technol 19: 51-56.
    • (1985) Environ Sci Technol , vol.19 , pp. 51-56
    • Karickhoff, S.W.1    Morris, K.R.2
  • 4
    • 0035185926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of bioassays versus contaminant concentrations in explaining the macroinvertebrate community structure in the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands
    • Peeters E, Dewitte A, Koelmans AA, van der Velden JA, den Besten PJ. 2001. Evaluation of bioassays versus contaminant concentrations in explaining the macroinvertebrate community structure in the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands. Environ Toxicol Chem 20: 2883-2891.
    • (2001) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.20 , pp. 2883-2891
    • Peeters, E.1    Dewitte, A.2    Koelmans, A.A.3    van der Velden, J.A.4    den Besten, P.J.5
  • 5
    • 0027789150 scopus 로고
    • Water-quality impacts of sediment pollution and the role of early diagenesis
    • Lijklema L, Koelmans AA, Portielje R. 1993. Water-quality impacts of sediment pollution and the role of early diagenesis. Water Sci Technol 28: 1-12.
    • (1993) Water Sci Technol , vol.28 , pp. 1-12
    • Lijklema, L.1    Koelmans, A.A.2    Portielje, R.3
  • 6
    • 73249144263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling desorption kinetics of a persistent organic pollutant from field aged sediment using a bi-disperse particle size distribution
    • Smit MPJ, Grotenhuis T, Bruning H, Rulkens WH. 2010. Modeling desorption kinetics of a persistent organic pollutant from field aged sediment using a bi-disperse particle size distribution. J Soils Sediments 10: 119-126.
    • (2010) J Soils Sediments , vol.10 , pp. 119-126
    • Smit, M.P.J.1    Grotenhuis, T.2    Bruning, H.3    Rulkens, W.H.4
  • 7
    • 77950920163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of in situ sediment-to-water fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls and polybrominated diphenylethers
    • Koelmans AA, Poot A, De Lange HJ, Velzeboer I, Harmsen J, van Noort PCM. 2010. Estimation of in situ sediment-to-water fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls and polybrominated diphenylethers. Environ Sci Technol 44: 3014-3020.
    • (2010) Environ Sci Technol , vol.44 , pp. 3014-3020
    • Koelmans, A.A.1    Poot, A.2    De Lange, H.J.3    Velzeboer, I.4    Harmsen, J.5    van Noort, P.C.M.6
  • 9
    • 44349145656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description of the available technology for treatment and disposal of dredged material
    • Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Hakstege AL, Giuseppe B, Leonardo P. 2007. Description of the available technology for treatment and disposal of dredged material. In Sustainable Management of Sediment Resources, Vol 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 68-118.
    • (2007) Sustainable Management of Sediment Resources , vol.2 , pp. 68-118
    • Hakstege, A.L.1    Giuseppe, B.2    Leonardo, P.3
  • 10
    • 34447340929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory and application of landfarming to remediate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mineral oil-contaminated sediments; Beneficial reuse
    • Harmsen J, Rulkens WH, Sims RC, Rijtema PE, Zweers AJ. 2007. Theory and application of landfarming to remediate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mineral oil-contaminated sediments; Beneficial reuse. J Environ Qual 36: 1112-1122.
    • (2007) J Environ Qual , vol.36 , pp. 1112-1122
    • Harmsen, J.1    Rulkens, W.H.2    Sims, R.C.3    Rijtema, P.E.4    Zweers, A.J.5
  • 11
    • 37049003058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical ripening of dredged sediments. Part 2. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and total petroleum hydrocarbons in slurried and consolidated sediments
    • Vermeulen J, van Gool MPM, Mentink GH, Joziasse J, Bruning H, Rulkens WH, Grotenhuis JTT. 2007. Biochemical ripening of dredged sediments. Part 2. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and total petroleum hydrocarbons in slurried and consolidated sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 26: 2540-2549.
    • (2007) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.26 , pp. 2540-2549
    • Vermeulen, J.1    van Gool, M.P.M.2    Mentink, G.H.3    Joziasse, J.4    Bruning, H.5    Rulkens, W.H.6    Grotenhuis, J.T.T.7
  • 12
    • 56049091258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of activated carbon on partitioning, desorption, and biouptake of native polychlorinated biphenyls in four freshwater sediments
    • Sun XL, Ghosh U. 2008. The effect of activated carbon on partitioning, desorption, and biouptake of native polychlorinated biphenyls in four freshwater sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 27: 2287-2295.
    • (2008) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.27 , pp. 2287-2295
    • Sun, X.L.1    Ghosh, U.2
  • 13
    • 35348880860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated carbon amendment as a treatment for residual DDT in sediment from a superfund site in San Francisco Bay, Richmond, California, USA
    • Tomaszewski JE, Werner D, Luthy RG. 2007. Activated carbon amendment as a treatment for residual DDT in sediment from a superfund site in San Francisco Bay, Richmond, California, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 26: 2143-2150.
    • (2007) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.26 , pp. 2143-2150
    • Tomaszewski, J.E.1    Werner, D.2    Luthy, R.G.3
  • 14
    • 0027045692 scopus 로고
    • Analytical description of subaqueous groundwater seepage
    • Bokuniewicz HJ. 1992. Analytical description of subaqueous groundwater seepage. Estuaries 15: 458-464.
    • (1992) Estuaries , vol.15 , pp. 458-464
    • Bokuniewicz, H.J.1
  • 15
    • 0030303716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen pore water profiles in continental shelf sediments of the North Sea: Turbulent versus molecular diffusion
    • Lohse L, Epping EHG, Helder W, van Raaphorst W. 1996. Oxygen pore water profiles in continental shelf sediments of the North Sea: Turbulent versus molecular diffusion. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 145: 63-75.
    • (1996) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.145 , pp. 63-75
    • Lohse, L.1    Epping, E.H.G.2    Helder, W.3    van Raaphorst, W.4
  • 16
    • 0345643476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concept of subaqueous capping of contaminated sediments with active barrier systems (ABS) using natural and modified zeolites
    • Jacobs PH, Forstner U. 1999. Concept of subaqueous capping of contaminated sediments with active barrier systems (ABS) using natural and modified zeolites. Water Res 33: 2083-2087.
    • (1999) Water Res , vol.33 , pp. 2083-2087
    • Jacobs, P.H.1    Forstner, U.2
  • 17
    • 0034671188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the soot-water distribution coefficient of PAHs provides mechanistic basis for enhanced sorption observations
    • Bucheli TD, Gustafsson O. 2000. Quantification of the soot-water distribution coefficient of PAHs provides mechanistic basis for enhanced sorption observations. Environ Sci Technol 34: 5144-5151.
    • (2000) Environ Sci Technol , vol.34 , pp. 5144-5151
    • Bucheli, T.D.1    Gustafsson, O.2
  • 18
    • 25144483449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive sorption of organic compounds to black carbon, coal, and kerogen in sediments and soils: Mechanisms and consequences for distribution, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation
    • Cornelissen G, Gustafsson O, Bucheli TD, Jonker MTO, Koelmans AA, van Noort PCM. 2005. Extensive sorption of organic compounds to black carbon, coal, and kerogen in sediments and soils: Mechanisms and consequences for distribution, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. Environ Sci Technol 39: 6881-6895.
    • (2005) Environ Sci Technol , vol.39 , pp. 6881-6895
    • Cornelissen, G.1    Gustafsson, O.2    Bucheli, T.D.3    Jonker, M.T.O.4    Koelmans, A.A.5    van Noort, P.C.M.6
  • 19
    • 0031021011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the dilute sedimentary soot phase: Implications for PAH speciation and bioavailability
    • Gustafsson O, Haghseta F, Chan C, MacFarlane J, Gschwend PM. 1997. Quantification of the dilute sedimentary soot phase: Implications for PAH speciation and bioavailability. Environ Sci Technol 31: 203-209.
    • (1997) Environ Sci Technol , vol.31 , pp. 203-209
    • Gustafsson, O.1    Haghseta, F.2    Chan, C.3    MacFarlane, J.4    Gschwend, P.M.5
  • 21
    • 80053627787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of biochars' potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils
    • Beesley L, Moreno-Jiménez E, Gomez-Eyles JL, Harris E, Robinson B, Sizmur T. 2011. A review of biochars' potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. Environ Pollut 159: 3269-3282.
    • (2011) Environ Pollut , vol.159 , pp. 3269-3282
    • Beesley, L.1    Moreno-Jiménez, E.2    Gomez-Eyles, J.L.3    Harris, E.4    Robinson, B.5    Sizmur, T.6
  • 22
    • 44749091282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling PAH mass transfer in a slurry of contaminated soil or sediment amended with organic sorbents
    • Ahn S, Werner D, Luthy RG. 2008. Modeling PAH mass transfer in a slurry of contaminated soil or sediment amended with organic sorbents. Water Res 42: 2931-2942.
    • (2008) Water Res , vol.42 , pp. 2931-2942
    • Ahn, S.1    Werner, D.2    Luthy, R.G.3
  • 25
    • 79951605012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-situ sorbent amendments: A new direction in contaminated sediment management
    • Ghosh U, Luthy RG, Cornelissen G, Werner D, Menzie CA. 2011. In-situ sorbent amendments: A new direction in contaminated sediment management. Environ Sci Technol 45: 1163-1168.
    • (2011) Environ Sci Technol , vol.45 , pp. 1163-1168
    • Ghosh, U.1    Luthy, R.G.2    Cornelissen, G.3    Werner, D.4    Menzie, C.A.5
  • 26
    • 78751478440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated carbon amendmant to remediate contaminated sediments and soils: A review
    • Hilber I, Bucheli TD. 2010. Activated carbon amendmant to remediate contaminated sediments and soils: A review. Global NEST J 12: 305-317.
    • (2010) Global NEST J , vol.12 , pp. 305-317
    • Hilber, I.1    Bucheli, T.D.2
  • 27
    • 6044266181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of carbon sorbents to reduce PCB and PAH bioavailability in marine sediments: Physicochemical tests
    • Zimmerman JR, Ghosh U, Millward RN, Bridges TS, Luthy RG. 2004. Addition of carbon sorbents to reduce PCB and PAH bioavailability in marine sediments: Physicochemical tests. Environ Sci Technol 38: 5458-5464.
    • (2004) Environ Sci Technol , vol.38 , pp. 5458-5464
    • Zimmerman, J.R.1    Ghosh, U.2    Millward, R.N.3    Bridges, T.S.4    Luthy, R.G.5
  • 28
    • 0036704650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New modeling paradigms for the sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals to heterogeneous carbonaceous matter in soils, sediments, and rocks
    • Allen-King RM, Grathwohl P, Ball WP. 2002. New modeling paradigms for the sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals to heterogeneous carbonaceous matter in soils, sediments, and rocks. Adv Water Resour 25: 985-1016.
    • (2002) Adv Water Resour , vol.25 , pp. 985-1016
    • Allen-King, R.M.1    Grathwohl, P.2    Ball, W.P.3
  • 30
    • 0029769381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of slow sorption of organic chemicals to natural particles
    • Pignatello JJ, Xing BS. 1996. Mechanisms of slow sorption of organic chemicals to natural particles. Environ Sci Technol 30: 1-11.
    • (1996) Environ Sci Technol , vol.30 , pp. 1-11
    • Pignatello, J.J.1    Xing, B.S.2
  • 31
    • 0010626247 scopus 로고
    • Omega a useful index of soil sorption equilibria
    • Lambert SM. 1968. Omega a useful index of soil sorption equilibria. J Agric Food Chem 16: 340.
    • (1968) J Agric Food Chem , vol.16 , pp. 340
    • Lambert, S.M.1
  • 32
    • 0018321154 scopus 로고
    • Sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments
    • Karickhoff SW, Brown DS, Scott TA. 1979. Sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments. Water Res 13: 241-248.
    • (1979) Water Res , vol.13 , pp. 241-248
    • Karickhoff, S.W.1    Brown, D.S.2    Scott, T.A.3
  • 33
    • 37049185398 scopus 로고
    • Physical concept of soil-water equilibria for non-ionic organic compounds
    • Chiou CT, Peters LJ, Freed VH. 1979. Physical concept of soil-water equilibria for non-ionic organic compounds. Science 206: 831-832.
    • (1979) Science , vol.206 , pp. 831-832
    • Chiou, C.T.1    Peters, L.J.2    Freed, V.H.3
  • 34
    • 0030860423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive sorption between atrazine and other organic compounds in soils and model sorbents
    • Xing BS, Pignatello JJ, Gigliotti B. 1997. Competitive sorption between atrazine and other organic compounds in soils and model sorbents. Environ Sci Technol 31: 2442-2442.
    • (1997) Environ Sci Technol , vol.31 , pp. 2442-2442
    • Xing, B.S.1    Pignatello, J.J.2    Gigliotti, B.3
  • 35
    • 0344958849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geosorbent organic matter and its relationship to the binding and sequestration of organic contaminants
    • Weber WJ, Huang WL, LeBoeuf EJ. 1999. Geosorbent organic matter and its relationship to the binding and sequestration of organic contaminants. Colloid Surface A 151: 167-179.
    • (1999) Colloid Surface A , vol.151 , pp. 167-179
    • Weber, W.J.1    Huang, W.L.2    LeBoeuf, E.J.3
  • 36
    • 0034194167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential sorption of planar contaminants in sediments from Lake Ketelmeer, The Netherlands
    • Jonker MTO, Smedes F. 2000. Preferential sorption of planar contaminants in sediments from Lake Ketelmeer, The Netherlands. Environ Sci Technol 34: 1620-1626.
    • (2000) Environ Sci Technol , vol.34 , pp. 1620-1626
    • Jonker, M.T.O.1    Smedes, F.2
  • 37
    • 0038293352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCB and PAH speciation among particle types in contaminated harbor sediments and effects on PAH bioavailability
    • Ghosh U, Zimmerman JR, Luthy RG. 2003. PCB and PAH speciation among particle types in contaminated harbor sediments and effects on PAH bioavailability. Environ Sci Technol 37: 2209-2217.
    • (2003) Environ Sci Technol , vol.37 , pp. 2209-2217
    • Ghosh, U.1    Zimmerman, J.R.2    Luthy, R.G.3
  • 38
    • 0037105646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black carbon and kerogen in soils and sediments. 1. Quantification and characterization
    • Song JZ, Peng PA, Huang WL. 2002. Black carbon and kerogen in soils and sediments. 1. Quantification and characterization. Environ Sci Technol 36: 3960-3967.
    • (2002) Environ Sci Technol , vol.36 , pp. 3960-3967
    • Song, J.Z.1    Peng, P.A.2    Huang, W.L.3
  • 41
    • 0030465577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of black carbon by chemical oxidation and thermal treatment in recent marine and lake sediments and Cretaceous-Tertiary clays
    • Lim B, Cachier H. 1996. Determination of black carbon by chemical oxidation and thermal treatment in recent marine and lake sediments and Cretaceous-Tertiary clays. Chem Geol 131: 143-154.
    • (1996) Chem Geol , vol.131 , pp. 143-154
    • Lim, B.1    Cachier, H.2
  • 42
    • 57849160618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification methods of black carbon: Comparison of rock-eval analysis with traditional methods
    • Poot A, Quik JTK, Veld H, Koelmans AA. 2009. Quantification methods of black carbon: Comparison of rock-eval analysis with traditional methods. J Chromatogr A 1216: 613-622.
    • (2009) J Chromatogr A , vol.1216 , pp. 613-622
    • Poot, A.1    Quik, J.T.K.2    Veld, H.3    Koelmans, A.A.4
  • 44
    • 0036141957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the combined roles of natural organic matter and black carbon as sorbents in sediments
    • Accardi-Dey A, Gschwend PM. 2002. Assessing the combined roles of natural organic matter and black carbon as sorbents in sediments. Environ Sci Technol 36: 21-29.
    • (2002) Environ Sci Technol , vol.36 , pp. 21-29
    • Accardi-Dey, A.1    Gschwend, P.M.2
  • 45
    • 0036714511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls to soot and soot-like materials in the aqueous environment mechanistic considerations
    • Jonker MTO, Koelmans AA. 2002. Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls to soot and soot-like materials in the aqueous environment mechanistic considerations. Environ Sci Technol 36: 3725-3734.
    • (2002) Environ Sci Technol , vol.36 , pp. 3725-3734
    • Jonker, M.T.O.1    Koelmans, A.A.2
  • 47
    • 0030209419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological powdered activated carbon (BPAC) microfiltration for wastewater reclamation and reuse
    • Seo GT, Suzuki Y, Ohgaki S. 1996. Biological powdered activated carbon (BPAC) microfiltration for wastewater reclamation and reuse. Desalination 106: 39-45.
    • (1996) Desalination , vol.106 , pp. 39-45
    • Seo, G.T.1    Suzuki, Y.2    Ohgaki, S.3
  • 48
    • 79954631523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of granular activated carbon surface chemistry on the adsorption of organic compounds. 1. Priority pollutants
    • Karanfil T, Kilduff JE. 2000. Role of granular activated carbon surface chemistry on the adsorption of organic compounds. 1. Priority pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 34: 2372-2372.
    • (2000) Environ Sci Technol , vol.34 , pp. 2372-2372
    • Karanfil, T.1    Kilduff, J.E.2
  • 49
    • 0033568006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of granular activated carbon surface chemistry on the adsorption of organic compounds. 2. Natural organic matter
    • Karanfil T, Kitis M, Kilduff JE, Wigton A. 1999. Role of granular activated carbon surface chemistry on the adsorption of organic compounds. 2. Natural organic matter. Environ Sci Technol 33: 3225-3233.
    • (1999) Environ Sci Technol , vol.33 , pp. 3225-3233
    • Karanfil, T.1    Kitis, M.2    Kilduff, J.E.3    Wigton, A.4
  • 50
    • 34248208599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of phenanthrene from saltwater solutions using activated carbon
    • Karapanagioti HK. 2007. Removal of phenanthrene from saltwater solutions using activated carbon. Desalination 210: 274-280.
    • (2007) Desalination , vol.210 , pp. 274-280
    • Karapanagioti, H.K.1
  • 51
    • 5444262428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sedimentary sootlike materials on bioaccumulation and sorption of polychlorinated biphenyls
    • Jonker MTO, Hoenderboom AM, Koelmans AA. 2004. Effects of sedimentary sootlike materials on bioaccumulation and sorption of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ Toxicol Chem 23: 2563-2570.
    • (2004) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.23 , pp. 2563-2570
    • Jonker, M.T.O.1    Hoenderboom, A.M.2    Koelmans, A.A.3
  • 52
    • 17644404812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of activated carbon to sediments to reduce PCB bioaccumulation by a polychaete (Neanthes arenaceodentata) and an amphipod (Leptocheirus plumulosus)
    • Millward RN, Bridges TS, Ghosh U, Zimmerman JR, Luthy RG. 2005. Addition of activated carbon to sediments to reduce PCB bioaccumulation by a polychaete (Neanthes arenaceodentata) and an amphipod (Leptocheirus plumulosus). Environ Sci Technol 39: 2880-2887.
    • (2005) Environ Sci Technol , vol.39 , pp. 2880-2887
    • Millward, R.N.1    Bridges, T.S.2    Ghosh, U.3    Zimmerman, J.R.4    Luthy, R.G.5
  • 53
    • 33746710989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling polychlorinated biphenyl mass transfer after amendment of contaminated sediment with activated carbon
    • Werner D, Ghosh U, Luthy RG. 2006. Modeling polychlorinated biphenyl mass transfer after amendment of contaminated sediment with activated carbon. Environ Sci Technol 40: 4211-4218.
    • (2006) Environ Sci Technol , vol.40 , pp. 4211-4218
    • Werner, D.1    Ghosh, U.2    Luthy, R.G.3
  • 54
    • 20444362018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sequestration of PCBs in Lake Hartwell sediment with activated carbon
    • Werner D, Higgins CP, Luthy RG. 2005. The sequestration of PCBs in Lake Hartwell sediment with activated carbon. Water Res 39: 2105-2113.
    • (2005) Water Res , vol.39 , pp. 2105-2113
    • Werner, D.1    Higgins, C.P.2    Luthy, R.G.3
  • 56
    • 84858078566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term monitoring and modeling of the mass transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment following pilot-scale in-situ amendment with activated carbon
    • DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.09.009
    • Cho Y-M, Werner D, Choi Y, Luthy RG. 2011. Long-term monitoring and modeling of the mass transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment following pilot-scale in-situ amendment with activated carbon. J Contam Hydrol DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.09.009.
    • (2011) J Contam Hydrol
    • Cho, Y.-M.1    Werner, D.2    Choi, Y.3    Luthy, R.G.4
  • 57
    • 78650449309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements
    • Janssen EML, Oen AMP, Luoma SN, Luthy RG. 2011. Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements. Environ Toxicol Chem 30: 173-180.
    • (2011) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.30 , pp. 173-180
    • Janssen, E.M.L.1    Oen, A.M.P.2    Luoma, S.N.3    Luthy, R.G.4
  • 58
    • 69949095061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites by activated carbon in clean water and sediment slurries
    • Hale SE, Tomaszewski JE, Luthy RG, Werner D. 2009. Sorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites by activated carbon in clean water and sediment slurries. Water Res 43: 4336-4346.
    • (2009) Water Res , vol.43 , pp. 4336-4346
    • Hale, S.E.1    Tomaszewski, J.E.2    Luthy, R.G.3    Werner, D.4
  • 59
    • 77951772318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the mass transfer of hydrophobic organic pollutants in briefly and continuously mixed sediment after amendment with activated carbon
    • Hale SE, Werner D. 2010. Modeling the mass transfer of hydrophobic organic pollutants in briefly and continuously mixed sediment after amendment with activated carbon. Environ Sci Technol 44: 3381-3387.
    • (2010) Environ Sci Technol , vol.44 , pp. 3381-3387
    • Hale, S.E.1    Werner, D.2
  • 60
    • 78751511902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated biphenyl sorption to activated carbon and the attenuation caused by sediment
    • Hale SE, Kwon S, Ghosh U, Werner D. 2010. Polychlorinated biphenyl sorption to activated carbon and the attenuation caused by sediment. Global NEST J 12: 318-326.
    • (2010) Global NEST J , vol.12 , pp. 318-326
    • Hale, S.E.1    Kwon, S.2    Ghosh, U.3    Werner, D.4
  • 61
    • 80054693385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds to powdered activated carbons as used in sediment remediation
    • Kupryianchyk D, Rakowska MI, Grotenhuis JTC, Koelmans AA. 2012. In situ sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds to powdered activated carbons as used in sediment remediation. Environ Pollut 161: 23-29.
    • (2012) Environ Pollut , vol.161 , pp. 23-29
    • Kupryianchyk, D.1    Rakowska, M.I.2    Grotenhuis, J.T.C.3    Koelmans, A.A.4
  • 62
    • 77950936648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement and modeling of polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccumulation from sediment for the marine polychaete neanthes arenaceodentata and response to sorbent amendment
    • Janssen EML, Croteau MN, Luoma SN, Luthy RG. 2010. Measurement and modeling of polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccumulation from sediment for the marine polychaete neanthes arenaceodentata and response to sorbent amendment. Environ Sci Technol 44: 2857-2863.
    • (2010) Environ Sci Technol , vol.44 , pp. 2857-2863
    • Janssen, E.M.L.1    Croteau, M.N.2    Luoma, S.N.3    Luthy, R.G.4
  • 63
    • 40949146182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodynamic modeling of PCB uptake by Macoma balthica and Corbicula fluminea from sediment amended with activated carbon
    • McLeod PB, Luoma SN, Luthy RG. 2008. Biodynamic modeling of PCB uptake by Macoma balthica and Corbicula fluminea from sediment amended with activated carbon. Environ Sci Technol 42: 484-490.
    • (2008) Environ Sci Technol , vol.42 , pp. 484-490
    • McLeod, P.B.1    Luoma, S.N.2    Luthy, R.G.3
  • 64
    • 34447256530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCB bioavailability control in Lumbriculus variegatus through different modes of activated carbon addition to sediments
    • Sun XL, Ghosh U. 2007. PCB bioavailability control in Lumbriculus variegatus through different modes of activated carbon addition to sediments. Environ Sci Technol 41: 4774-4780.
    • (2007) Environ Sci Technol , vol.41 , pp. 4774-4780
    • Sun, X.L.1    Ghosh, U.2
  • 65
    • 53149083714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring and modeling reduction of DDT availability to the water column and mussels following activated carbon amendment of contaminated sediment
    • Tomaszewski JE, McLeod PB, Luthy RG. 2008. Measuring and modeling reduction of DDT availability to the water column and mussels following activated carbon amendment of contaminated sediment. Water Res 42: 4348-4356.
    • (2008) Water Res , vol.42 , pp. 4348-4356
    • Tomaszewski, J.E.1    McLeod, P.B.2    Luthy, R.G.3
  • 66
    • 20444409883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dose and particle size on activated carbon treatment to sequester polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments
    • Zimmerman JR, Werner D, Ghosh U, Millward RN, Bridges TS, Luthy RG. 2005. Effects of dose and particle size on activated carbon treatment to sequester polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 24: 1594-1601.
    • (2005) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.24 , pp. 1594-1601
    • Zimmerman, J.R.1    Werner, D.2    Ghosh, U.3    Millward, R.N.4    Bridges, T.S.5    Luthy, R.G.6
  • 67
    • 0037372469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of coarse and fine versions of two carbons for reducing the bioavailabilities of sediment-bound hydrophobic organic contaminants
    • Lebo JA, Huckins JN, Petty JD, Cranor WL, Ho KT. 2003. Comparisons of coarse and fine versions of two carbons for reducing the bioavailabilities of sediment-bound hydrophobic organic contaminants. Chemosphere 50: 1309-1317.
    • (2003) Chemosphere , vol.50 , pp. 1309-1317
    • Lebo, J.A.1    Huckins, J.N.2    Petty, J.D.3    Cranor, W.L.4    Ho, K.T.5
  • 68
    • 24644452480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenanthrene and pyrene sorption and intraparticle diffusion in polyoxymethylene, coke, and activated carbon
    • Ahn S, Werner D, Karapanagioti HK, McGlothlin DR, Zare RN, Luthy RG. 2005. Phenanthrene and pyrene sorption and intraparticle diffusion in polyoxymethylene, coke, and activated carbon. Environ Sci Technol 39: 6516-6526.
    • (2005) Environ Sci Technol , vol.39 , pp. 6516-6526
    • Ahn, S.1    Werner, D.2    Karapanagioti, H.K.3    McGlothlin, D.R.4    Zare, R.N.5    Luthy, R.G.6
  • 71
    • 55549115321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorption of native polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to black carbon and amended activated carbon in soil
    • Brandli RC, Hartnik T, Henriksen T, Cornelissen G. 2008. Sorption of native polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to black carbon and amended activated carbon in soil. Chemosphere 73: 1805-1810.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.73 , pp. 1805-1810
    • Brandli, R.C.1    Hartnik, T.2    Henriksen, T.3    Cornelissen, G.4
  • 72
    • 33750583042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioaccumulation of native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sediment by a polychaete and a gastropod: Freely dissolved concentrations and activated carbon amendment
    • Cornelissen G, Breedveld GD, Naes K, Oen AMP, Ruus A. 2006. Bioaccumulation of native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sediment by a polychaete and a gastropod: Freely dissolved concentrations and activated carbon amendment. Environ Toxicol Chem 25: 2349-2355.
    • (2006) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.25 , pp. 2349-2355
    • Cornelissen, G.1    Breedveld, G.D.2    Naes, K.3    Oen, A.M.P.4    Ruus, A.5
  • 75
    • 72249100832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triple domain in situ sorption modeling of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorobiphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in aquatic sediments
    • Koelmans AA, Kaag K, Sneekes A, Peeters E. 2009. Triple domain in situ sorption modeling of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorobiphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in aquatic sediments. Environ Sci Technol 43: 8847-8853.
    • (2009) Environ Sci Technol , vol.43 , pp. 8847-8853
    • Koelmans, A.A.1    Kaag, K.2    Sneekes, A.3    Peeters, E.4
  • 76
    • 77958176097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling polychlorinated biphenyl sorption isotherms for soot and coal
    • Jantunen APK, Koelmans AA, Jonker MTO. 2010. Modeling polychlorinated biphenyl sorption isotherms for soot and coal. Environ Pollut 158: 2672-2678.
    • (2010) Environ Pollut , vol.158 , pp. 2672-2678
    • Jantunen, A.P.K.1    Koelmans, A.A.2    Jonker, M.T.O.3
  • 77
    • 0347322278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soot sorption of non-ortho and ortho substituted PCBs
    • Bucheli TD, Gustafsson R. 2003. Soot sorption of non-ortho and ortho substituted PCBs. Chemosphere 53: 515-522.
    • (2003) Chemosphere , vol.53 , pp. 515-522
    • Bucheli, T.D.1    Gustafsson, R.2
  • 79
    • 77956512551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated abraham solvation parameters for polychlorinated biphenyls
    • Van Noort PCM, Haftka JJH, Parsons JR. 2010. Updated abraham solvation parameters for polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ Sci Technol 44: 7037-7042.
    • (2010) Environ Sci Technol , vol.44 , pp. 7037-7042
    • Van Noort, P.C.M.1    Haftka, J.J.H.2    Parsons, J.R.3
  • 83
    • 79960591167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of black carbon on bioturbation-induced benthic fluxes of polychlorinated biphenyls
    • Koelmans AA, Jonker MTO. 2011. Effects of black carbon on bioturbation-induced benthic fluxes of polychlorinated biphenyls. Chemosphere 84: 1150-1157.
    • (2011) Chemosphere , vol.84 , pp. 1150-1157
    • Koelmans, A.A.1    Jonker, M.T.O.2
  • 84
    • 34249067072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls by Macoma balthica from sediment amended with activated carbon
    • McLeod PB, van den Heuvel-Greve MJ, Luoma SN, Luthy RG. 2007. Biological uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls by Macoma balthica from sediment amended with activated carbon. Environ Toxicol Chem 26: 980-987.
    • (2007) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.26 , pp. 980-987
    • McLeod, P.B.1    van den Heuvel-Greve, M.J.2    Luoma, S.N.3    Luthy, R.G.4
  • 85
    • 15544386648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contrasting roles of sedimentary plant-derived carbon and black carbon on sediment-spiked hydrophobic organic contaminant bioavailability to Diporeia species and Lumbriculus variegatus
    • Kukkonen JVK, Mitra S, Landrum PF, Gossiaux DC, Gunnarsson J, Weston D. 2005. The contrasting roles of sedimentary plant-derived carbon and black carbon on sediment-spiked hydrophobic organic contaminant bioavailability to Diporeia species and Lumbriculus variegatus. Environ Toxicol Chem 24: 877-885.
    • (2005) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.24 , pp. 877-885
    • Kukkonen, J.V.K.1    Mitra, S.2    Landrum, P.F.3    Gossiaux, D.C.4    Gunnarsson, J.5    Weston, D.6
  • 86
    • 18344367510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black carbon and ecological factors affect in situ biota to sediment accumulation factors for hydrophobic organic compounds in flood plain lakes
    • Moermond CTA, Zwolsman JJG, Koelmans AA. 2005. Black carbon and ecological factors affect in situ biota to sediment accumulation factors for hydrophobic organic compounds in flood plain lakes. Environ Sci Technol 39: 3101-3109.
    • (2005) Environ Sci Technol , vol.39 , pp. 3101-3109
    • Moermond, C.T.A.1    Zwolsman, J.J.G.2    Koelmans, A.A.3
  • 87
    • 5444269153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the role of black carbon in attenuating bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from field-contaminated sediments
    • Sundelin B, Wiklund AKE, Lithner G, Gustafsson O. 2004. Evaluation of the role of black carbon in attenuating bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from field-contaminated sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 23: 2611-2617.
    • (2004) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.23 , pp. 2611-2617
    • Sundelin, B.1    Wiklund, A.K.E.2    Lithner, G.3    Gustafsson, O.4
  • 88
    • 1842728707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of PAHs: Effects of soot carbon and PAH source
    • Thorsen WA, Cope WG, Shea D. 2004. Bioavailability of PAHs: Effects of soot carbon and PAH source. Environ Sci Technol 38: 2029-2037.
    • (2004) Environ Sci Technol , vol.38 , pp. 2029-2037
    • Thorsen, W.A.1    Cope, W.G.2    Shea, D.3
  • 90
    • 4444287660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of particulate carbonaceous matter on the bioavailability of benzo a pyrene and 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl to the clam, Macoma balthica
    • McLeod PB, van den Heuvel-Greve MJ, Allen-King RM, Luoma SN, Luthy RG. 2004. Effects of particulate carbonaceous matter on the bioavailability of benzo a pyrene and 2, 2', 5, 5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl to the clam, Macoma balthica. Environ Sci Technol 38: 4549-4556.
    • (2004) Environ Sci Technol , vol.38 , pp. 4549-4556
    • McLeod, P.B.1    van den Heuvel-Greve, M.J.2    Allen-King, R.M.3    Luoma, S.N.4    Luthy, R.G.5
  • 91
    • 0034912534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of lab-contaminated and native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the amphipod Corophium volutator relates to chemical desorption
    • Kraaij RH, Ciarelli S, Tolls J, Kater BJ, Belfroid A. 2001. Bioavailability of lab-contaminated and native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the amphipod Corophium volutator relates to chemical desorption. Environ Toxicol Chem 20: 1716-1724.
    • (2001) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.20 , pp. 1716-1724
    • Kraaij, R.H.1    Ciarelli, S.2    Tolls, J.3    Kater, B.J.4    Belfroid, A.5
  • 92
    • 60849123772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the behavior of the amphipod gammarus pulex
    • Peeters E, de Lange HJ, Lurling M. 2009. Variation in the behavior of the amphipod gammarus pulex. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 15: 41-52.
    • (2009) Hum Ecol Risk Assess , vol.15 , pp. 41-52
    • Peeters, E.1    de Lange, H.J.2    Lurling, M.3
  • 93
    • 84858623914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon amendments affect the feeding activity of Lumbriculus variegatus in sediments. SETAC Europe 19th Annual Meeting. Gothenburg, Sweden
    • Akkanen J, Pehkonen S, McCullough J, Kukkonen J. 2008. Carbon amendments affect the feeding activity of Lumbriculus variegatus in sediments. SETAC Europe 19th Annual Meeting. Gothenburg, Sweden.
    • (2008)
    • Akkanen, J.1    Pehkonen, S.2    McCullough, J.3    Kukkonen, J.4
  • 94
    • 0034653172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of aquaculture therapeutants by carbon adsorption 1. Equilibrium adsorption behaviour of single components
    • Aitcheson SJ, Arnett J, Murray KR, Zhang J. 2000. Removal of aquaculture therapeutants by carbon adsorption 1. Equilibrium adsorption behaviour of single components. Aquaculture 183: 269-284.
    • (2000) Aquaculture , vol.183 , pp. 269-284
    • Aitcheson, S.J.1    Arnett, J.2    Murray, K.R.3    Zhang, J.4
  • 95
    • 0033874182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of the kinetic characteristics of HSA adsorption by different types of activated carbon fibres
    • Eretsky E. 2000. Studies of the kinetic characteristics of HSA adsorption by different types of activated carbon fibres. Adsorpt Sci Technol 18: 469-475.
    • (2000) Adsorpt Sci Technol , vol.18 , pp. 469-475
    • Eretsky, E.1
  • 96
    • 79960097665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCB-induced changes of a benthic community and expected ecosystem recovery following in situ sorbent amendment
    • Janssen EML, Thompson JK, Luoma SN, Luthy RG. 2011. PCB-induced changes of a benthic community and expected ecosystem recovery following in situ sorbent amendment. Environ Toxicol Chem 30: 1819-1826.
    • (2011) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.30 , pp. 1819-1826
    • Janssen, E.M.L.1    Thompson, J.K.2    Luoma, S.N.3    Luthy, R.G.4
  • 97
    • 43649094138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aging and sediment composition on hexachlorobenzene desorption resistance compared to oral bioavailability in rats
    • Chai YZ, Davis JW, Saghir SA, Qiu XJ, Budinsky RA, Bartels MJ. 2008. Effects of aging and sediment composition on hexachlorobenzene desorption resistance compared to oral bioavailability in rats. Chemosphere 72: 432-441.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.72 , pp. 432-441
    • Chai, Y.Z.1    Davis, J.W.2    Saghir, S.A.3    Qiu, X.J.4    Budinsky, R.A.5    Bartels, M.J.6
  • 98
    • 64349097832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling PCB mass transfer and bioaccumulation in a freshwater oligochaete before and after amendment of sediment with activated carbon
    • Sun XL, Werner D, Ghosh U. 2009. Modeling PCB mass transfer and bioaccumulation in a freshwater oligochaete before and after amendment of sediment with activated carbon. Environ Sci Technol 43: 1115-1121.
    • (2009) Environ Sci Technol , vol.43 , pp. 1115-1121
    • Sun, X.L.1    Werner, D.2    Ghosh, U.3
  • 99
    • 46849083264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the importance of biota and black carbon as vectors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Baltic Sea ecosystem
    • Mattila TJ, Verta M. 2008. Modeling the importance of biota and black carbon as vectors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Baltic Sea ecosystem. Environ Sci Technol 42: 4831-4836.
    • (2008) Environ Sci Technol , vol.42 , pp. 4831-4836
    • Mattila, T.J.1    Verta, M.2
  • 100
    • 63149119239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of polychlorinated biphenyl sorption to charcoal by humic acids
    • Koelmans AA, Meulman B, Meijer T, Jonker MTO. 2009. Attenuation of polychlorinated biphenyl sorption to charcoal by humic acids. Environ Sci Technol 43: 736-742.
    • (2009) Environ Sci Technol , vol.43 , pp. 736-742
    • Koelmans, A.A.1    Meulman, B.2    Meijer, T.3    Jonker, M.T.O.4
  • 101
    • 77955105806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of advective porewater movement affecting mass transfer of hydrophobic organic contaminants in marine intertidal sediment
    • Cho YM, Werner D, Moffett KB, Luthy RG. 2010. Assessment of advective porewater movement affecting mass transfer of hydrophobic organic contaminants in marine intertidal sediment. Environ Sci Technol 44: 5842-5848.
    • (2010) Environ Sci Technol , vol.44 , pp. 5842-5848
    • Cho, Y.M.1    Werner, D.2    Moffett, K.B.3    Luthy, R.G.4
  • 102
    • 77957345956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black carbon inclusive multichemical modeling of PBDE and PCB biomagnification and -transformation in estuarine food webs
    • Di Paolo C, Gandhi N, Bhavsar SP, van den Heuvel-Greve M, Koelmans AA. 2010. Black carbon inclusive multichemical modeling of PBDE and PCB biomagnification and -transformation in estuarine food webs. Environ Sci Technol 44: 7548-7554.
    • (2010) Environ Sci Technol , vol.44 , pp. 7548-7554
    • Di Paolo, C.1    Gandhi, N.2    Bhavsar, S.P.3    van den Heuvel-Greve, M.4    Koelmans, A.A.5
  • 104
    • 34247501161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of polychlorinated biphenyl and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sequestration in sediment on bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs
    • Moermond CTA, Roessink I, Jonker MTO, Meijer T, Koelmans AA. 2007. Impact of polychlorinated biphenyl and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sequestration in sediment on bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs. Environ Toxicol Chem 26: 607-615.
    • (2007) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.26 , pp. 607-615
    • Moermond, C.T.A.1    Roessink, I.2    Jonker, M.T.O.3    Meijer, T.4    Koelmans, A.A.5
  • 105
    • 33845468207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic modeling of food-chain accumulation of brominated flame retardants in fish from the Ebro river basin, Spain
    • Van Beusekom OC, Eljarrat E, Barcelo D, Koelmans AA. 2006. Dynamic modeling of food-chain accumulation of brominated flame retardants in fish from the Ebro river basin, Spain. Environ Toxicol Chem 25: 2553-2560.
    • (2006) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.25 , pp. 2553-2560
    • Van Beusekom, O.C.1    Eljarrat, E.2    Barcelo, D.3    Koelmans, A.A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.