SKS splitting beneath Alaska: Regional variability and implications for subduction processes at a slab edge

Tectonophysics

Volumn 530-531, Issue , 2012, Pages 272-285

  Hanna, Jenny ^a   Long, Maureen D ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Alaska; Mantle flow; Shear wave splitting; Subduction zones

Indexed keywords

ABSOLUTE PLATE MOTIONS; ALASKA; ANISOTROPIC STRUCTURE; ENTRAINED FLOW; LATERAL VARIATIONS; MANTLE FLOW; MANTLE UPWELLINGS; MANTLE WEDGE; MODELING STUDIES; PACIFIC PLATES; PLATE BOUNDARIES; REGIONAL VARIABILITY; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; SHEAR WAVE SPLITTING; SLAB EDGES; SLAB MORPHOLOGY; SPLITTING MEASUREMENTS; SPLITTING PATTERNS; SUBDUCTING SLABS; SUBDUCTION PROCESS; SUBDUCTION ZONES; TECTONIC SETTINGS;

ANISOTROPY; GEODYNAMICS; SHEAR WAVES; TECTONICS;

PLATES (STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS);

ASTHENOSPHERE; BODY WAVE; COMPLEXITY; DEFORMATION; GEODYNAMICS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; MANTLE; PACIFIC PLATE; PLATE BOUNDARY; PLATE MOTION; S-WAVE; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; SEISMICITY; SLAB; SUBDUCTION; SUBDUCTION ZONE; TECTONIC SETTING; WAVE SPLITTING;

ALASKA; KENAI PENINSULA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84858288927     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.003     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Ali S.T., Freed A.M. Contemporary deformation and stressing rates in southern Alaska. Geophysical Journal International 2010, 183:557-571.
2. Alsina D., Snieder R. Small-scale sublithospheric continental mantle deformation constraints from SKS splitting observations. Geophysical Journal International 1995, 123:431-448.
3. Ando M. ScS polarization anisotropy around the Pacific Ocean. Journal of Physics of the Earth 1984, 32:179-195.
4. Argus D.F., Gordon R.G. No-net-rotation model of current plate velocities incorporating plate motion model NUVEL-1. Geophysical Research Letters 1991, 18:2039-2042.
5. Baccheschi P., Margheriti L., Steckler M.S. SKS splitting in southern Italy: anisotropy variations in a fragmented subduction zone. Tectonophysics 2008, 462:49-67.
6. Bowman J.R., Ando M. Shear-wave splitting in the upper mantle wedge above the Tonga subduction zone. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 1987, 88:25-41.
7. Brocher T.M., Christensen N.I. Seismic anisotropy due to preferred mineral orientation observed in shallow crustal rocks in southern Alaska. Geology 1990, 18:737-740.
8. Brocher T.M., Fisher M.A., Geist E.L., Christensen N.I. A high-resolution seismic reflection/refraction study of the Chugach-Peninsular terrane boundary, southern Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research 1989, 94:4441-4455.
9. Chevrot S., van der Hilst R.D. On the effects of a dipping axis of symmetry on shear wave splitting measurements. Geophysical Journal International 2003, 152:497-505.
10. Christiensen D.H., Abers G.A. Seismic anisotropy under central Alaska from SKS splitting observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:B04315. 10.1029/2009JB006712.
11. Civello S., Margheriti L. Toroidal mantle flow around the Calabrian slab (Italy) from SKS splitting. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31:L10601. 10.1029/2004GL019607.
12. Cohen S.C., Freymueller J.T. Crustal deformation in Southcentral Alaska: the 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake subduction zone. Advances in Geophysics 2004, 47:1-63.
13. Eakin C.M., Obrebski M., Allen R.M., Boyarko D.C., Brudzinski M.R., Porritt R. Seismic anisotropy beneath Cascadia and the Mendocino triple junction: interaction of the subducting slab with mantle flow. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 297:627-632.
14. Eberhart-Phillips D., Christiensen D.H., Brocher T.M., Hansen R., Ruppert N.A., Haeussler P.J., Abers G.A. Imaging the transition from Aleutian subduction to Yukatat collision in central Alaska, with local earthquakes and active source data. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B11303. 10.1029/2005JB004240.
15. Ekström G., Busby R.W. Measurements of seismometer orientation at USArray Transportable Array and backbone stations. Seismological Research Letters 2008, 79:554-561.
16. Evans M.S., Kendall J.M., Willemann R.J. Automated SKS splitting and upper-mantle anisotropy beneath Canadian seismic stations. Geophysical Journal International 2006, 165:931-942.
17. Faccenda M., Burlini L., Gerya T.V., Manprice D. Fault-induced seismic anisotropy by hydration in subducting oceanic plates. Nature 2008, 455:1097-1101.
18. Favier N., Chevrot S. Sensitivity kernels for shear wave splitting in transverse isotropic media. Geophysical Journal International 2003, 153:213-228.
19. Finlay C.C., et al. International geomagnetic reference field: the eleventh generation. Geophysical Journal International 2010, 183:1216-1230.
20. Fukao Y. Evidence from core-reflected shear waves for anisotropy in the earth's mantle. Nature 1984, 309:695-698.
21. Gudmundsson O., Sambridge M. A regionalized upper mantle (RUM) seismic model. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103:7121-7136.
22. Honda S. Numerical simulations of mantle flow around slab edges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2009, 277:112-122.
23. Jadamec M.A., Billen M.I. Reconciling surface plate motions with rapid three dimensional mantle flow around a slab edge. Nature 2010, 465:338-341.
24. Jung H., Karato S. Water-induced fabric transitions in olivine. Science 2001, 293:1460-1463.
25. Jung H., Katayama I., Jiang Z., Hiraga T., Karato S. Effect of water and stress on the lattice-preferred orientation of olivine. Tectonophysics 2006, 421:1-22.
26. Karato S., Jung H., Katayama I., Skemer P.A. Geodynamic significance of seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle: new insights from laboratory studies. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2008, 36:59-95.
27. Kincaid C., Griffiths R.W. Laboratory models of the thermal evolution of the mantle during rollback subduction. Nature 2003, 425:58-62.
28. Kissling E., Lahr J.C. Tomographic image of the Pacific slab under southern Alaska. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 1991, 84:297-315.
29. Kneller E.A., van Keken P.E., Karato S., Park J. B-type olivine fabric in the mantle wedge: insights from high-resolution non-Newtonian subduction zone models. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 237:781-797.
30. Kneller E.A., van Keken P.E. Trench parallel flow and seismic anisotropy in the Marianas and Andean subduction systems. Nature 2007, 450:1222-1225.
31. Kneller E.A., Long M.D., van Keken P.E. Olivine fabric transitions and shear wave anisotropy in the Ryukyu subduction system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 268:268-282.
32. Larsen C.F., Motyka R.J., Freymueller J.T., Echelmeyer K.A., Ivins E.R. Rapid viscoelastic uplift in southeast Alaska caused by post-Little Ice Age glacial retreat. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 237:548-560.
33. Lesh M.E., Ridgway K.D. Geomorphic evidence of active transpressional deformation in the Tanana foreland basin, south-central Alaska. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 2007, 431. 10.1120/2007.2431. K.D. Ridgeway (Ed.).
34. Long M.D., Silver P.G. Shear wave splitting and mantle anisotropy: measurements, interpretations, and new directions. Surveys in Geophysics 2009, 30:407-461.
35. Long M.D., Silver P.G. Mantle flow in subduction systems: the subslab flow field and implications for mantle dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114:B10312. 10.1029/2008JB006200.
36. Lucente F.P., Margheriti L. Subduction rollback, slab breakoff, and induced strain in the uppermost mantle beneath Italy. Geology 2008, 36:375-378.
37. Lynner, C., Long, M. D., in press. Evaluating contributions to SK(K)S splitting from lower mantle anisotropy: a case study from station DBIC, CÔte d'Ivoire. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.
38. Mainprice D. Seismic anisotropy of the deep Earth from a mineral and rock physics perspective. Treatise On Geophysics 2007, vol. 2:437-491. Elsevier, New York. G. Schubert (Ed.).
39. Meade C., Silver P.G., Kaneshima S. Laboratory and seismological observations of lower mantle anisotropy. Geophysical Research Letters 1995, 22:1293-1296.
40. Monteiller V., Chevrot S. How to make robust splitting measurements for single-station analysis and three-dimensional imaging of seismic anisotropy. Geophysical Journal International 2010, 182:311-328.
41. Müller R.D., Roest W.R., Royer J.Y., Gahagan L.M., Sclater J.G. Digital isochrones of the world's ocean floor. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:3211-3214.
42. Niu F., Perez A.M. Seismic anisotropy in the lower mantle: a comparison of waveform splitting of SKS and SKKS. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31:L24612. 10.1029/2004GL021196.
43. Peyton V., Levin V., Park J., Brandon M., Lees J., Gordeev E., Ozerov A. Mantle flow at a slab edge: seismic anisotropy in the Kamchatka region. Geophysical Research Letters 2001, 28:379-382.
44. Piromallo C., Becker T.W., Funiciello F., Faccenna C. Three-dimensional instantaneous mantle flow induced by subduction. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33:L08304. 10.1029/2005GL025390.
45. Ratchkovski N.A., Hansen R.A. New constrains on tectonics of interior Alaska: earthquake locations, source mechanisms and stress regime. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002, 92:998-1014.
46. Schellart W.P. Mount Etna-Iblean volcanism caused by rollback-induced upper mantle upwelling around the Ionian slab edge: an alternative to the plume model. Geology 2010, 38:691-694.
47. Schulte-Pelkum V., Masters G., Shearer P.M. Upper mantle anisotropy from long-period P polarization. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:21,917-21,934.
48. Silver P.G., Chan W.W. Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation. Journal of Geophysical Research 1991, 96:16429-16454.
49. Silver P.G., Savage M.K. The interpretation of shear-wave splitting parameters in the presence of two anisotropic layers. Geophysical Journal International 1994, 119:949-963.
50. Silver P.G. Seismic anisotropy beneath the continents: probing the depths of geology. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1996, 24:385-432.
51. Silver P.G., Long M.D. The non-commutivity of shear wave splitting operators at low frequencies and implications for anisotropy tomography. Geophysical Journal International 2011, 184:1415-1427.
52. Tian X., Zhang J., Si S., Wang J., Chen Y., Zhang Z. SKS splitting measurements with horizontal component misalignment. Geophysical Journal International 2011, 185:329-340.
53. Vecsey L., Plomerova J., Babuska V. Shear-wave splitting measurements: problems and solutions. Tectonophysics 2008, 462:178-196.
54. Veenstra E., Christiensen D.H., Abers G.A., Ferris A. Crustal thickness variation in south-central Alaska. Geology 2006, 34:781-784.
55. Wiemer S., Tytgat G., Wyss M., Duenkel U. Evidence for shear-wave anisotropy in the mantle wedge beneath south-central Alaska. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1999, 89:1313-1322.
56. Wüstefeld A., Bokelmann G.H.R., Zaroli C., Barruol G. Splitlab - a shear wave splitting environment in MatLab. Computers & Geosciences 2008, 34:5515-5528.
57. Wustefeld A., Bokelmann G. Null detection in shear-wave splitting measurements. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2007, 97:1204-1211.
58. Yang X., Fischer K.M., Abers G.A. Seismic anisotropy beneath the Shumagin Islands segment of the Aleutian-Alaska subduction zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:18165-18177.
59. Zhang S., Karato S. Lattice preferred orientation of olivine aggregates deformed in simple shear. Nature 1995, 375:774-777.
60. Zimmerman M.E., Zhang S., Kohlstedt D.L., Karato S. Melt distribution in mantle rocks deformed in simple shear. Geophysical Research Letters 1999, 26:1505-1508.