Evolution of urban housing strategies and dweller-initiated transformations in Nairobi

City, Culture and Society

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 219-234

  Makachia, Peter A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI   (Kenya)

Author keywords

Dweller initiated transformation; Housing strategies; Kenya; Nairobi; Social inclusion

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858277027     PISSN: 18779166     EISSN: 18779174     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccs.2011.11.001     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Andersen K.B. African traditional architecture - A study of the housing and settlement patterns of rural Kenya 1977, Oxford University Press, London.
2. Anderson, D. (2002). Corruption at City Hall: African housing and urban development in colonial Nairobi. In A. Burton (Ed.), Urban experience in eastern Africa - c. 1750-2000 (pp. 138-154). Nairobi: British Institute in East Africa.
3. Andreasen J. Rented rooms and rural relations: Housing in Thika, Kenya 1969-1985 1987, Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Copenhagen.
4. Anyamba T.J. Informal urbanism in Nairobi. Built environment 2011, 37(1):57-77.
5. Anyamba T.J., Adebayo A.A. Traditional architecture - Settlement, evolution & built form 1994, Jomo Kenyatta Foundation, Nairobi.
6. Brand S. How buildings learn - What happens after they are built 1994, Penguin Books, London.
7. Bujra, J. M. (1975). Women 'Entrepreneurs' of early Nairobi. Retrieved August 8, 2011, from JSTOR: <>. http://www.jstor.org/page/infor/stable/terms.jsp.
8. Burgess R. Dweller-initiated advocacy: A curious form of advocacy. A critique of the work of John F. C. Turner. Self-housing: A critique 1982, Mansell, London. P. Ward (Ed.).
9. Burton, A. (2002). Urbanisation in East Africa: An historical overview, c. 1750-2000. In A. Burton (Ed.), Azania: Urban experience in Eastern Africa (Vol. XXXVI-XXXVII).
10. Cheng L.-C., Yang Y.-S. Homeless problems in Taiwan: Looking beyond legality toward social issues. City, Culture and Society 2010, 1:165-173.
11. Churchill, W. (1908). My African journey. London.
12. De Troyer, F., & Allacker, K. (2004). Modelling of financing mechanisms for incremental urban projects. In International workshop: Training module rational design and construction-region East Africa, 14 March 2004-18 March 2004, KU Leuven/UCLAS, Leuven.
13. Dickson, J. (2010). Delamere flats (P. Makachia, Interviewer). Nairobi.
14. East Africa Royal Commission. (1955). East Africa Royal Commission 1953-1955 Report. London: Her Majesty Stationery Office.
15. Elleh N. African Architecture - Evolution and Transformation 1997, McGraw-Hill, London.
16. Emig S., Ismail Z. Notes on the Urban Planning of Nairobi 1980, Royal Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Copenhagen.
17. Frampton K. Modern architecture - A critical history 1992, Thames Hudson, London.
18. Groat L., Wang D. Architectural research methods 2002, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
19. Hake A. African metropolis 1977, Sussex University Press, London.
20. Hall P. Cities of tomorrow - An intellectual history of planning and design in the twentieth century 1990, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
21. Hamdi N. Housing without houses - Participation, flexibility, enablement 1991, Intermediate Technology Publication, London.
22. Hansen K.T., Vaa M. Reconsidering informality - Perspectives from urban Africa 2004, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, NAI, Uppsala, Spain.
23. Hirst T., Lamba D. The struggle for Nairobi - the story of an urban environment, built at the place of 'cold waters', retold in words and pictures 1994, Mazingira Institute, Nairobi.
24. Kiamba M. Regeneration of low-income houses and squatter settlement areas in Nairobi, Kenya. Housing in the third world: Analysis and solutions 1992, 231-250. Concept, New Delhi. L. Kilmartin, H. Singh (Eds.).
25. Kim S.-H. Issues of squatters and eviction in Seoul: From the perspectives of the dual roles of the state. City, Culture and Society 2010, 1:135-143.
26. Makachia, P. A. (1995). Starter unit concept - Case-study analysis of NHC of Kenya low income housing projects. MArch Thesis, PGCHS, KU Leuven, Leuven.
27. Makachia, P. A. (2005). A Manual for Organized Self-Help Housing Densification in Eastlands, Nairobi. Organised Self-Help Housing Planning and Management-Costa Rica 2005. CD-ROM. Lund, Sweden: Housing Development Management (HDM), Lund University/Sida/FUPROVI/PROMESHA.
28. Makachia, P. A. (2010). Transformation of housing in Nairobi - Dweller-initiated transformations in formal housing in nairobi estates with case studies of Kaloleni and Buru-Buru Estates. PhD Thesis, University of Nairobi, Architecture and Building Science, Nairobi.
29. Makachia P.A., Talukhaba A.A., Omenya A.O. A cost modelling design strategy for dweller-initiated transformations in urban housing. Proceedings of the 3rd post-graduate conference of Construction Industry Development (CIDB) - 2005 2005, 373-388. CIDB/University of Witwatersrand/COEGA, Johannesburg. A.A. Talukhaba, O.A. Akindele, J. Appiah-Baiden (Eds.).
30. Malombe J. Women's Groups and Shelter Improvement in Kenya. A place to live - Gender research on housing in Africa 1996, Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala. A. Schlyter (Ed.).
31. Mann, E. (1968). Nairobi - From colonial to national capital. In H. Berger (Ed.), East African studies (ostafrikanische studien) (Vol. 8, pp. 141-156). Nurnberg: Nurnberger Wirtschafts - Und Sozialgeographische Arbeiten.
32. May, E. (1953a, February). Retrieved May 20, 2011, from <>. http://planum.net/archive/may-hou-0-2,d1-d6.htm.
33. May, E. (1953b). Bauen in Ostafrica. BAUWELT 1953 HEFF, pp. 104-111.
34. McVicar, K. (1968). Pumwani - The role of a slum community in providing a catalyst for culture change in East Africa. In H. Berger (Ed.), East African studies (ostafrikanische studien) (pp. 157-166). Nurnberg: Nurnberger Wirstschafts- Und Sozialgeographische Arbeitein.
35. Mitchell T. Colonising Egypt 1988, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
36. Mizuuchi T. Editorial - Editorial note on the special issue on ''Housing poverty, homelessness" City, Culture and Society 2010, 1:109-110.
37. Myers G.A. Verandahs of power - Colonialism and space in urban Africa 2003, Syracuse University Press, New York.
38. Napier M. Capturing transformations of place: The adaptation of a geographic information systems program for the creation and analysis of a large database of houseplans 1994, Centre for Architectural Research and Development Overseas (CARDO), University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle.
39. Nevanlinna A.K. Interpreting Nairobi - The cultural study of built forms 1996, Bibliotheca Historica 18 - Suomen Historiallinen Seura, Helsinki.
40. Nguluma H. Housing themselves - Transformation, modernisation and spatial qualities in informal settlements in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania 2003, Department of Infrastructure, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
41. Oglivie G.C. The housing of Africans in the urban areas of Kenya 1946, The Kenya Information Office, Nairobi.
42. Ogura, N. (2005). Ernst may and modern architecture in East Africa. In ArchiAfrika conference proceedings: Modern architecture in East Africa around independence, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, July 27-29, 2005 (pp. 81-88). Utrecht: ArchiAfrika.
43. Owusu S.E., Tipple A.G. The process of extensions in Kumasi, Ghana 1995, CARDO, Newcastle upon Tyne.
44. Oxman R., Herbert G., Wachman A. Strategies for growth and staged building in housing. Habitat International 1985, 9(1):25-31.
45. Panerai P., Castex J., Depaule J.-C. Urban forms - The death and life of the urban block 2004, Architectural Press, Oxford.
46. Perry, C. A. (1929). The neighbourhood unit. In Regional survey of New York and its environs (Vol. VII). New York, NY: Regional Plan for New York.
47. Rodriguez, M., & Astrand, J. (1996). Organised small-scale self-help housing. Building Issues, 8 (4).
48. Sasaki M. Editorial - City, Culture and Society (CCS) - Opening up new horizon of urban studies. City, Culture and Society 2010, 1:1-2.
49. Shihembetsa, L. U. (1995). User needs in urban low-income housing: Towards a framework for creating user responsive environments in Nairobi, Kenya. PhD Thesis, CARDO, University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne.
50. Slaughter, J. (2004). Master Plans: Designing (National) Allegories of Urban Space and Metropolitan Subjects for Postcolonial Kenya. Research in African Literatures, 35 (1).
51. Stein, A., & Castillo, L. (2003). Innovative financing for low-income housing - lessons from Central America. Building Issues, 13(1).
52. Stren R.E. Housing the urban poor in Africa: Policy, politics and bureaucracy in Mombasa 1978, Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley.
53. Syagga P. Integrated, multi-sectoral and sectoral urban development initiatives in Kenya 2003, ITDG, DFID, Rugby, UK.
54. Taylor W. Communities and communication in Nairobi. Communities and communication - Building urban partnerships 2005, 64-84. ITDG & DFID, Rugby, UK. E. Riley, P. Wakely (Eds.).
55. Thornton-White L.W., Anderson P.R., Silverman L. Nairobi - Master plan for a colonial capital - A report prepared for the Municipal Council of Nairobi 1948, His Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
56. Tipple A. Self-help transformations of low cost housing: An introductory study 1991, CARDO, Newcastle upon Tyne.
57. Tipple A. Housing themselves - User-initiated transformation of government-built housing in developing counties 2000, Liverpool University Press, Liverpool.
58. Turner J.F. Housing by the people - Towards autonomy in building environments 1977, Pantheon, New York.
59. Tzonis, A. (1976). In the name of the people - The development of contemporary populist movement in architecture. Forum , XXV(3), 5-9, 27-33.
60. UN-HABITAT/ECA-CEA/UNEP/IDRC-CRDI The state of African cities 2008 - A framework for addressing urban challenges in Africa 2008, UN-HABITAT, Nairobi.
61. UN-HABITAT/UNEP The state of African cities 2010 - Governance, inequality and urban land markets 2010, UN-HABITAT, Nairobi.
62. Yin R.K. Case study - Design and research methods 2003, Sage Publications, London.
63. Zeisel J. Inquiry by design: Tools for environmental behaviour research 2006, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, Monterey. revised ed.