Variation of the chloroquine resistance transporter (Crt) gene in chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei

Iranian Journal of Parasitology

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 39-44

  Ghobakhloo, N ^a   Nateghpour, M ^a   Rezaee, S ^a   Hajjaran, H ^a   Mohebali, M ^a   Abedkhojasteh, H ^a  

^a TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Chloroquine resistance; Crt gene; Plasmodium berghei

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858271915     PISSN: 17357020     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Ambrose O, Talisuna, Peter Bloland, Umberto D'Alessandro. History, Dynamics, and Public Health Importance of Malaria Parasite Resistance. Clinic Microb. 2004;17(1):235-254.
2. Sharma Y.D. Genetic alteration in drug resistance markers of Plasmodium falciparum Indian. J Med Res. 2005;121:13-22.
3. Moor D. V, Lanier J.E. Observation on two Plasmodium falciparum infection with an abnormal response to chloroquine. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1961;10:5-9.
4. Harinasuta T, Migasen S, And Boonnag O. Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand. UNESCO 1st Regional Symposium on Scientific Knowledge of Tropical Parasites, Singapore. 1968;148-153.
5. Kshirsagar NA. Malaria: Antimalarial resistance and policy ramifications and challenges. J Post Med. 2006;52:291-3.
6. Bray Patrick G, Rowena E. Martin, Leann Tilley, Stephen A. Ward, Kiaran Kirk and David A. Fidock. Defining the role of pfcrt in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance. Mol Microbiol. 2005;56: 323-333.
7. Ekland Eric H and Fidock David A. Advances in understanding the genetic basis of antimalarial drug resistance. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2007;10(4):363-370.
8. Jiang H, Joy DA, Furuya T and Su X-Z. Current understanding of the molecular basis of chloroquine-resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. J Post Med. 2006;52:271-276.
9. Timothy J.C. Anderson, Shalini Nair, Huang Qin, Sittaporn Singlam, Alan Brockman, Lucy Paiphun and Francois Nosten. Are transporter genes other than the chloroquine resistance locus (pfcrt) and multidrug resistance gene (pfmdr1) associated with drug resistance? Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy. 2005;49(6): 2180-8.
10. Kirk K and Martin RE. The malaria parasite's chloroquine resistance transporter is a member of the drug/metabolite transporter superfamily. Mol Biol Evol. 2004; 21:1938-49.
11. Myrick Aliss, Ousmane Sarr, Therese Dieng, Omar Ndir, Souleymane Mboup, and Dyann F. wirth Analysis of the genetic diversity of the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance gene 5' upstream region. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;72 (2):182-188.
12. Khim Nimol., Christiane Bouchier, Marie-Thérèse Ekala, Sandra Incardona, Pharath Lim, Eric Legrand, Ronan Jambou, Socheat Doung, Odile Mercereau Puija lon, and Thierry Fandeur. Countrywide Survey shows very high prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum multilocus resistance genotypes in Cambodia. Anti Agent Chemother. 2005;3147-3152.
13. Jafari S, Le Bras J, Asmar m and Durand R. Molecular survey of Plasmodium falciparum in south-eastern. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003;47(2):119-24.
14. Peters W. Chemotherapy and drug resistance in malaria In: Experimental resistance II: mepacrine, 4-amino-quinolines and related compounds. Vol 1 2nd ed. London. Road Oval: Academic Press. 1987:437-450.
15. Nomura Takashi, Jane M-R. Carlton, J. Kevin, Baird Hernando A. del Portillo, David J. Fryauff, Dharmendar Rathore David A. Fidock, Xin-zhuan Su, William E. Collins, Thomas F. McCutchan, John C. Wootton, and Thomas E. Wellems. Evidence for different mechanisms of choloroquine resistance in 2 Plasmodium species that cause human malaria. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:1053-1661.
16. Cooper RA, Hartwing CL and Ferding MT. Pfcrt is more than the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance gene: A functional and evolutionary perspective. Acta Trop. 2005;94:170-80.
17. Bennett Tyler N, Andrew D. Kosar, Lyann MB. Ursos, Sergey Dzekunov, Amar Bir Singh Sidhu, David A. Fidock and Paul D. Roepe. Drug resistance-associated pfCRT mutations confer decreased Plasmodium falciparum digestive vacuolar pH. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2004;133: 99-114.
18. Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Folarin OA, Bolaji OM, Sowunmi A, Kyle DE, Milhous W, Wirth DF and Oduola AM. Association between mutations in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter and pfmdr-1 qenes and in vivo amadiaqwine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria infected children in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;75(1):155-61.
19. Duah Nancy O, Wilson Michael D, Ghansah Anita, Abuaku Ben, Edoh Dominic, Quashie Neils B and Korama Kwadwo A. Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter and Multidrug Resistance Genes, and treatment Outcomes in Ghanaian Children with Uncomplicated Malaria. J Trop Pediatrics. 2006;53(1):27-31.
20. Paul Hunt, Pedro V.L. Cravo, Paul Donleavy, Jane M.-R. Carlton and David Walliker. chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium chabaudi:are Chloroquine resistance transporter (crt) and Multi-drug resistance (mdr1) orthologues involved. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2004;133:27-35.