International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth

Dental Traumatology

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 88-96

  Andersson, Lars ^a   Andreasen, Jens O ^b   Day, Peter ^c   Heithersay, Geoffrey ^d   Trope, Martin ^e   DiAngelis, Anthony J ^f   Kenny, David J ^g   Sigurdsson, Asgeir ^h   Bourguignon, Cecilia ⁱ   Flores, Marie Therese ^j   Hicks, Morris Lamar ^k   Lenzi, Antonio R ⁱ   Malmgren, Barbro ^l   Moule, Alex J ^m   Tsukiboshi, Mitsuhiro ⁱ  

^a KUWAIT UNIVERSITY   (Kuwait)

^b Mental Health Center Glostrup   (Denmark)

^c BRADFORD DISTRICT CARE NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^g HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^h UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

ⁱ Universidad de Valparaiso ^*

^j UNIVERSIDAD DE VALPARAÍSO   (Chile)

^k UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND DENTAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^l KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^m UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

more..

Author keywords

Avulsion; Consensus; Exarticulation; Review; Tooth; Trauma

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; PRESERVATION SOLUTION;

ARTICLE; CONSENSUS; DENTITION; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; ENDODONTICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HUMAN; LOCAL ANESTHESIA; PERIODONTIC DEVICE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; SELF CARE; TOOTH INJURY; TOOTH ROOT;

ANESTHESIA, LOCAL; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CONSENSUS; DENTITION, PERMANENT; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; HUMANS; ORGAN PRESERVATION SOLUTIONS; PERIODONTAL SPLINTS; ROOT CANAL THERAPY; SELF CARE; TOOTH APEX; TOOTH AVULSION; TOOTH REPLANTATION;

EID: 84858248199     PISSN: 16004469     EISSN: 16009657     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01125.x     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Glendor U, Halling A, Andersson L, Eilert-Peterson E. Incidence of traumatic tooth injuries in children and adolescents in the county of Västmanland, Sweden. Swed Dent J 1996;20:15-28.
2. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM. Avulsions. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, editors. Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth, 4th edn. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2007. p. 444-88.
3. Andreasen JO, Hjorting-Hansen E. Replantation of teeth. I. Radiographic and clinical study of 110 human teeth replanted after accidental loss. Acta Odontol Scand 1966;24:263-86.
4. Andersson L, Bodin I, Sorensen S. Progression of root resorption following replantation of human teeth after extended extraoral storage. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989;5:38-47.
5. Andersson L, Bodin I. Avulsed human teeth replanted within 15minutes - a long-term clinical follow-up study. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990;6:37-42.
6. Andreasen JO, Borum MK, Jacobsen HL, Andreasen FM. Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 1. Diagnosis of healing complications. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11:51-8.
7. Andreasen JO, Borum MK, Jacobsen HL, Andreasen FM. Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 2. Factors related to pulpal healing. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11:59-68.
8. Andreasen JO, Borum MK, Andreasen FM. Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 3. Factors related to root growth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11:69-75.
9. Andreasen JO, Borum MK, Jacobsen HL, Andreasen FM. Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 4. Factors related to periodontal ligament healing. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11:76-89.
10. Barrett EJ, Kenny DJ. Avulsed permanent teeth: a review of the literature and treatment guidelines. Endod Dent Traumatol 1997;13:153-63.
11. Barrett EJ, Kenny DJ. Survival of avulsed permanent maxillary incisors in children following delayed replantation. Endod Dent Traumatol 1997;13:269-75.
12. Ebeleseder KA, Friehs S, Ruda C, Pertl C, Glockner K, Hulla H. A study of replanted permanent teeth in different age groups. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998;14:274-8.
13. Trope M. Clinical management of the avulsed tooth: present strategies and future directions. Dent Traumatol 2002;18:1-11. Review.
14. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Skeie A, Hjörting-Hansen E, Schwartz O. Effect of treatment delay upon pulp and periodontal healing of traumatic dental injuries - a review article. Dent Traumatol 2002;18:116-28.
15. Chappuis V, von Arx T. Replantation of 45 avulsed permanent teeth: a 1-year follow-up study. Dent Traumatol 2005;21:289-96.
16. Pohl Y, Filippi A, Kirschner H. Results after replantation of avulsed permanent teeth. I. Endodontic considerations. Dental Traumatol 2005;21:80-92.
17. Pohl Y, Filippi A, Kirschner H. Results after replantation of avulsed permanent teeth. II. Periodontal healing and the role of physiologic storage and antiresorptive-regenerative therapy. Dent Traumatol 2005;21:93-101.
18. Pohl Y, Wahl G, Filippi A, Kirschner H. Results after replantation of avulsed permanent teeth. III. Tooth loss and survival analysis. Dental Traumatol 2005;21:102-10.
19. Tzigkounakis V, Merglová V, Hecová H, Netolický J. Retrospective clinical study of 90 avulsed permanent teeth in 58 children. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:598-602.
20. Kargul B, Welbury R. An audit of the time to initial treatment in avulsion injuries. Dent Traumatol 2009;25:123-5.
21. Day P, Duggal M. Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;20:CD006542. Review.
22. Petrovic B, Marković D, Peric T, Blagojevic D. Factors related to treatment and outcomes of avulsed teeth. Dent Traumatol 2010;26:52-9.
23. Werder P, von Arx T, Chappuis V. Treatment outcome of 42 replanted permanent incisors with a median follow-up of 2.8years. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 2011;12:312-20.
24. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Bakland LK, Flores MT, Andersson L. Traumatic dental injuries, a manual, 3rd edn. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p. 48-53.
25. Trope M. Avulsion of permanent teeth: theory to practice. Dent Traumatol 2011;27:281-94.
26. Andreasen JO. The effect of extra-alveolar period and storage media upon periodontal and pulpal healing after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys. Int J Oral Surg 1981;10:43-51.
27. Andreasen JO. Periodontal healing after replantation of traumatically avulsed human teeth. Assessment by mobility testing and radiography. Acta Odontol Scand 1975;33:325-35.
28. Flores MT, Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Bakland LK, Malmgren B, Barnett F et al. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries.1. Fractures and Luxations of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol 2007;23:66-71.
29. Flores MT, Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Bakland LK, Malmgren B, Barnett F et al. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries.11. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol 2007;23:130-6.
30. Flores MT, Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Bakland LK, Malmgren B, Barnett F et al. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries.111. Primary teeth. Dent Traumatol 2007;23:196-202.
31. Stokes AN, Anderson HK, Cowan TM. Lay and professional knowledge of methods for emergency management of avulsed teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1992;8:160-2.
32. Hamilton FA, Hill FJ, Mackie IC. Investigation of lay knowledge of the management of avulsed permanent incisors. Endod Dent Traumatol 1997;13:19-23.
33. Chan AW, Wong TK, Cheung GS. Lay knowledge of physical education teachers about the emergency management of dental trauma in Hong Kong. Dent Traumatol 2001;17:77-85.
34. Glendor U. Has the education of professional caregivers and lay people in dental trauma care failed? Dent Traumatol 2009;25:12-8. Review.
35. Abu-Dawoud M, Al-Enezi B, Andersson L. Knowledge of emergency management of avulsed teeth among young physicians and dentists. Dent Traumatol 2007;23:348-55.
36. Al-Asfour A, Andersson L. The effect of a leaflet given to parents for first aid measures after tooth avulsion. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:515-21.
37. Al-Asfour A, Andersson L, Al-Jame Q. School teachers' knowledge of tooth avulsion and dental first aid before and after receiving information about avulsed teeth and replantation. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:43-9.
38. Andersson L, Al-Asfour A, Al-Jame Q. Knowledge of first aid measures of avulsion and replantation of teeth. An interview study of 221 Kuwaiti schoolchildren. Dent Traumatol 2006;22:57-65.
39. Al-Sane M, Bourisly N, Almulla T, Andersson L. Laypeoples' preferred sources of health information on the emergency management of tooth avulsion. Dent Traumatol 2011;27:432-7.
40. Lieger O, Graf C, El-Maaytah M, Von Arx T. Impact of educational posters on the lay knowledge of school teachers regarding emergency management of dental injuries. Dent Traumatol 2009;25:406-12.
41. McIntyre JD, Lee JY, Trope M, Vann WF Jr. Effectiveness of dental traumaducation for elementary school staff. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:146-50.
42. Feldens EG, Feldens CA, Kramer PF, da Silva KG, Munari CC, Brei VA. Understanding school teacher's knowledge regarding dental trauma: a basis for future interventions. Dent Traumatol 2010;26:158-63.
43. Levin L, Jeffet U, Zadik Y. The effect of short dental trauma lecture on knowledge of high-risk population: an intervention study of 336 young adults. Dent Traumatol 2010;26:86-9.
44. Blomlöf L, Andersson L, Lindskog S, Hedström K-G, Ham¬marström L. Periodontal healing of replanted monkey teeth prevented from drying. Acta Odontol Scand 1983;41:117-23.
45. Blomlöf L, Lindskog S, Andersson L, Hedström K-G, Ham¬marström L. Storage of experimentally avulsed teeth in milk prior to replantation. J Dent Res 1983;62:912-6.
46. Andreasen JO, Kristersson L. The effect of limited drying or removal of the periodontal ligament: periodontal healing after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys. Acta Odontol Scand 1981;39:1-13.
47. Hiltz J, Trope M. Vitality of human lip fibroblasts in milk, Hanks Balanced Salt Solution and Viaspan storage media. Endod Dent Traumatol 1991;7:69-72.
48. Trope M, Friedman S. Periodontal healing of replanted dog teeth stored in Viaspan, milk and Hanks Balanced Salt Solution. Endod Dent Traumatol 1992;8:183-8.
49. Filippi C, Kirschner H, Filippi A, Pohl Y. Practicability of a tooth rescue concept - the use of a tooth rescue box. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:422-9.
50. de Souza BD, Bortoluzzi EA, da Silveira Teixeira C, Felippe WT, Simões CM, Felippe MC. Effect of HBSS storage time on human periodontal ligament fibroblast viability. Dent Traumatol 2010;26:481-3.
51. Hammarstrom L, Pierce A, Blomlof L, Feiglin B, Lindskog S. Tooth avulsion and replantation: a review. Endod Dent Traumatol 1986;2:1-9.
52. Andersson L, Blomlöf L, Lindskog S, Feiglin B, Hammarström L. Tooth ankylosis. Clinical, radiographic and histological assessments. Int J Oral Surg 1984;13:423-31.
53. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatrics Emergency Medicine and Committee on Bioethic. Consent for emergency medical services for children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2011;128:427-33.
54. American Academy of Pediatrics, Council on Community Paediatrics and Committee on Native American Child Health. Health equity and children's rights. Pediatrics 2010;125:838-49.
55. World report on child injury prevention. World Health Organization, 2008. Chapter 7. p. 145-55. [accessed on 6 November 2011].
56. Kling M, Cvek M, Mejàre I. Rate and predictability of pulp revascularization in therapeutically reimplanted permanent incisors. Endod Dent Traumatol 1986;2:83-9.
57. Andersson L, Malmgren B. The problem of dentoalveolar ankylosis and subsequent replacement resorption in the growing patient. Aust Endod J 1999;2:57-61.
58. Filippi A, Pohl Y, Von Arx T. Decoronation of an ankylosed tooth for preservation of alveolar bone prior to implant placement. Dent Traumatol 2001;17:93-5.
59. Cohenca N, Stabholz A. Decoronation - a conservative method to treat ankylosed teeth for preservation of alveolar ridge prior to permanent prosthetic reconstruction: literature review and case presentation. Dent Traumatol 2007;23:87-94.
60. Coccia CT. A clinical investigation of root resorption rates in reimplanted young permanent incisors: a five-year study. J Endod 1980;6:413-20.
61. Esper HR, Panzarini SR, Poi WR, Sonoda CK, Casatti CA. Mechanical removal of necrotic periodontal ligament by either Robinson bristle brush with pumice or scalpel blade. Histomorphometric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Dent Traumatol 2007;23:333-9.
62. Lindskog S, Blomlöf L, Hammarström L. Cellular colonization of denuded root surfaces in vivo: cell morphology in dentin resorption and cementum repair. J Clin Periodontol 1987;14:390-5.
63. Panzarini SR, Gulinelli JL, Poi WR, Sonoda CK, Pedrini D, Brandini DA. Treatment of root surface in delayed tooth replantation: a review of literature. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:277-82. Review.
64. Mariano ER, Watson D, Loland VJ, Chu LF, Cheng GS, Mehta SH et al. Bilateral infraorbital nerve blocks decrease postoperative pain but do not reduce time to discharge following outpatient nasal surgery. Can J Anaesth 2009;56:584-9.
65. Barnett P. Alternatives to sedation for painful procedures. Pediatr Emerg Care 2009;25:415-9; quiz 420-2.
66. Karkut B, Reader A, Drum M, Nusstein J, Beck M. A comparison of the local anesthetic efficacy of the extraoral versus the intraoral infraorbital nerve block. J Am Dent Assoc 2010;141:185-92.
67. Andreasen JO, Storgaard Jensen S, Sae-Lim V. The role of antibiotics in presenting healing complications after traumatic dental injuries: a literature review. Endod Topics 2006;14:80-92.
68. Bryson EC, Levin L, Banchs F, Trope M. Effect of minocycline on healing of replanted dog teeth after extended dry times. Dental Traumatol 2003;19:90-5.
69. Chen H, Teixeira FB, Ritter AL, Levin L, Trope M. The effect of intracanal anti-inflammatory medicaments on external root resorption of replanted dog teeth after extended extra-oral dry time. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:74-8.
70. Cvek M, Cleaton-Jones P, Austin J, Lownie J, Kling M, Fatti P. Effect of topical application of doxycycline on pulp revascularization and periodontal healing in reimplanted monkey incisors. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990;6:170-6.
71. Hammarström L, Blomlöf L, Feiglin B, Andersson L, Lindskog S. Replantation of teeth and antibiotic treatment. Endod Dent Traumatol 1986;2:51-7.
72. Bjorvatn K, Selvig KA, Klinge B. Effect of tetracycline and SnF2 on root resorption in replanted incisors in dogs. Scand J Dent Res 1989;97:477-82.
73. Ritter AL, Ritter AV, Murrah V, Sigurdsson A, Trope M. Pulp revascularization of replanted immature dog teeth after treatment with minocycline and doxycycline assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry, radiography, and histology. Dent Traumatol 2004;20:75-84.
74. Sae-Lim V, Wang C-Y, Choi G-W, Trope M. The effect of systemic tetracycline on resorption of dried replanted dogs' teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998;14:127-32.
75. Sae-Lim V, Wang C-Y, Trope M. Effect of systemic tetracycline and amoxicillin on inflammatory root resorption of replanted dogs' teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998;14:216-20.
76. Yanpiset K, Trope M. Pulp revascularization of replanted immature dog teeth after different treatment methods. Endod Dent Traumatol 2000;16:211-7.
77. Oikarinen K. Tooth Splinting - a review of the literature and consideration of the versatility of a wire-composite splint. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990;6:237-50.
78. Andreasen JO. The effect of splinting upon periodontal healing after replantation of permanent incisors in monkeys. Acta Odontol Scand 1975;33:313-23.
79. Andersson L, Lindskog S, Blomlöf L, Hedström K-G, Hammarström L. Effect of masticatory stimulation on dentoalveolar ankylosis after experimental tooth replantation. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:13-6.
80. Berthold C, Thaler A, Petschelt A. Rigidity of commonly used dental trauma splints. Dent Traumatol 2009;25:248-55.
81. Hinckfuss S, Messer LB. Splinting duration and periodontal outcomes for replanted avulsed teeth, a systematic review. Dent Traumatol 2009;25:150-7.
82. Kahler B, Heithersay GS. An evidence-based appraisal of splinting luxated, avulsed and root-fractured teeth. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:2-10. Review.
83. VonArx T, Fillipi A, Lussi A. Comparison of a new dental trauma splint device (TTS) with three commonly used splinting techniques. Dent Traumatol 2001;17:266-74.
84. Abbott PV, Heithersay GS, Hume WR. Release and diffusion through human tooth roots in vitro of corticosteroid and tetracycline trace molecules from Ledermix paste. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:55-62.
85. Bryson EC, Levin L, Banchs F, Abbott PV, Trope M. Effect of immediate intracanal placement of Ledermix Paste(R) on healing of replanted dog teeth after extended dry times. Dent Traumatol 2002;18:316-21.
86. Abbott PV, Hume WR, Heithersay GS. Effects of combining Ledermix and calcium hydroxide pastes on the diffusion of corticosteroid and tetracycline through human roots in vitro. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989;5:188-92.
87. Andreasen JO. The effect of pulp extirpation or root canal treatment of periodontal healing after replantation of permanent incisors in monkeys. J Endod 1981;7:245-52.
88. Day PF, Gregg TA, Ashley P, Welbury RR, Cole BO, High AS et al. Periodontal healing following avulsion and replantation of teeth: a multi-centre randomized controlled trial to compare two root canal medicaments. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:55-64.
89. Day PF, Duggal MS, High AS, Robertson A, Gregg TA, Ashley PF et al. Discoloration of teeth after avulsion and replantation: results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Endod 2011;37:1052-7.
90. Wong KS, Sae-Lim V. The effect of intracanal Ledermix on root resorption of delayed-replanted monkey teeth. Dent Traumatol 2002;18:309-15.
91. Kirakozova A, Teixeira FB, Curran AE, Gu F, Tawil PZ, Trope M. Effect of intracanal corticosteroids on healing of replanted dog teeth after extended dry times. J Endod 2009;35:663-7.
92. Pierce A, Lindskog S. The effect of an antibiotic corticosteroid combination on inflammatory root resorption. J Endod 1988;14:459-64.
93. Stewart CJ, Elledge RO, Kinirons MJ, Welbury RR. Factors affecting the timing of pulp extirpation in a sample of 66 replanted avulsed teeth in children and adolescents. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:625-7.
94. Kinirons MJ, Gregg TA, Welbury RR, Cole BO. Variations in the presenting and treatment features in reimplanted permanent incisors in children and their effect on the prevalence of root resorption. Br Dent J 2000;189:263-6.
95. Malmgren B, Malmgren O, Andreasen JO. Alveolar bone development after decoronation of ankylosed teeth. Endod Topics 2006;14:35-40.