A Behavior-Genetic Study of the Legacy of Early Caregiving Experiences: Academic Skills, Social Competence, and Externalizing Behavior in Kindergarten

Child Development

Volumn 83, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 728-742

  Roisman, Glenn I ^a   Fraley, R Chris ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR GENETICS; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CONTROL; EGO DEVELOPMENT; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; FEMALE; GENETICS; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; PERSONALITY TEST; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIALIZATION; TWINS;

ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; FEMALE; GENETICS, BEHAVIORAL; HUMANS; INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MODELS, GENETIC; PARENTING; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIALIZATION; TWINS;

EID: 84858238940     PISSN: 00093920     EISSN: 14678624     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01709.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Akaike, H. (1983). Information measures and model selection. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute, 50, 277-290.
2. Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2008). Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genes associated with observed parenting. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 3, 128-134.
3. Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bokhorst, C. L., & Schuengel, C. (2004). The importance of shared environment in infant-father attachment. A behavioral genetic study of the Attachment Q-sort. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 545-549.
4. Bethel, J., Green, J. L., Nord, C., Kalton, G., & West, J. (2005). Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) Methodology report for the 9-month data collection (2001-2002) Volume 2: Sampling. Retrieved January 7, 2005, from the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics Web site:
5. Bokhorst, C. L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Fearon, R. M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Fonagy, P., & Schuengel, C. (2003). The importance of shared environment in mother-infant attachment security: A behavioral genetic study. Child Development, 74, 1769-1782.
6. Bouchard, T. J., Jr. (2004). Genetic influence on human psychological traits: A survey. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 148-151.
7. Burt, S. A. (2009). Rethinking environmental contributions to child and adolescent psychopathology: A meta-analysis of shared environmental influences. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 608-637.
8. Clarke, A. M., & Clarke, A. D. B. (1976). Early experience: Myth and evidence. New York: Free Press.
9. De Wolff, M. S., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1997). Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment. Child Development, 68, 571-591.
10. D'Onofrio, B. M., Turkheimer, E., Emery, R. E., Slutske, W. S., Heath, A. C., Madden, P. A., et al. (2005). A genetically informed study of marital instability and its association with offspring psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 570-586.
11. Dozier, M., Stovall, K. C., Albus, K. E., & Bates, B. (2001). Attachment for infants in foster care: The role of caregiver state of mind. Child Development, 72, 1467-1477.
12. Fearon, R. M. P., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Fonagy, P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Schuengel, C., & Bokhorst, C. L. (2006). In search of shared and nonshared environmental factors in security of attachment: A behavior-genetic study of the association between sensitivity and attachment security. Developmental Psychology, 42, 1026-1040.
13. Fraley, R. C., Roisman, G. I., & Haltigan, J. D. (2011). The legacy of early experiences in development: Formalizing alternative models of how early experiences are carried forward over time. Manuscript submitted for publication.
14. Goldsmith, H. H. (1991). A zygosity questionnaire for young twins: A research note. Behavior Genetics, 21, 257-269.
15. Gottlieb, G. (1995). Some conceptual deficiencies in "developmental" behavior genetics. Human Development, 38, 131-141.
16. Greenberg, G. (2005). The limitations of behavior-genetic analyses: Comment on McGue, Elkins, Walden, and Iacono (2005). Developmental Psychology, 41, 989-992.
17. Gresham, F. M., & Elliott, S. N. (1990). Social Skills Rating System manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
18. Haltigan, J. D., Roisman, G. I., & Fraley, R. C. (in press). The predictive significance of early caregiving experiences for symptoms of psychopathology through mid-adolescence: Enduring or transient effects? Development and Psychopathology.
19. Harris, J. R. (1995). Where is the child's environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 102, 458-489.
20. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3, 424-453.
21. Jaffari-Bimmel, N., Juffer, F., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Mooijaart, A. (2006). Social development from infancy to adolescence: Longitudinal and concurrent factors in an adoption sample. Developmental Psychology, 42, 1143-1153.
22. Johnson, W., Krueger, R. F., Bouchard, T. J. Jr., & McGue, M. (2002). The personalities of twins: Just ordinary folks. Twin Research, 5, 125-131.
23. Kagan, J. (1996). Three pleasing ideas. American Psychologist, 51, 901-908.
24. Kendler, K. S., & Baker, J. H. (2007). Genetic influences on measures of the environment: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 37, 615-626.
25. Lamb, M. E., Thompson, R. A., Gardner, W. P., Charnov, E. L., & Estes, D. (1984). Security of infantile attachment as assessed in the strange situation: Its study and biological interpretation. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 127-171.
26. Lewis, M. (1997). Altering fate: Why the past does not predict the future. New York: Guilford.
27. McCartney, K., Harris, M. J., & Bernieri, F. (1990). Growing up and growing apart: A developmental meta-analysis of twin studies. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 226-237.
28. Merrell, K. M. (2003). Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales (PKBS-2). Retrieved October 27, 2006, from
29. Neale, M. C., Boker, S. M., Xie, G., & Maes, H. H. (1999). Statistical modeling (5th ed.). Richmond: 117Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University.
30. Neale, M. C., & Cardon, L. R. (1992). Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
31. Neiderhiser, J. M., Reiss, D., Pedersen, N., Lichenstein, P., Spotts, E. L., Hansson, K., et al. (2004). Genetic and environmental influences on mothering of adolescents: A comparison of two samples. Developmental Psychology, 40, 335-351.
32. O'Connor, T. G., & Croft, C. M. (2001). A twin study of attachment in preschool children. Child Development, 72, 1501-1511.
33. Partridge, T. (2005). Are genetically informed designs genetically informative? Comment on McGue, Elkins, Walden, and Iacono (2005) and quantitative behavioral genetics. Developmental Psychology, 41, 985-988.
34. Plomin, R., & Daniels, D. (1987). Why are children in the same family so different from each other? Brain and Behavioral Sciences, 10, 1-16.
35. Roisman, G. I., Collins, W. A., Sroufe, L. A., & Egeland, B. (2005). Predictors of young adults' representations of and behavior in their current romantic relationship: Prospective tests of the prototype hypothesis. Attachment and Human Development, 7, 105-121.
36. Roisman, G. I., & Fraley, R. C. (2006). The limits of genetic influence: A behavior-genetic analysis of infant-caregiver relationship quality and temperament. Child Development, 77, 1656-1667.
37. Roisman, G. I., & Fraley, R. C. (2008). A behavior-genetic study of parenting quality, infant attachment security, and their covariation in a nationally representative sample. Developmental Psychology, 44, 831-839.
38. Rowe, D. C. (1994). The limits of family influence: Genes, experience, and behavior. New York: Guilford.
39. Rutter, M. (2002). Nature, nurture, and development: From evangelism through science toward policy and practice. Child Development, 73, 1-21.
40. Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Murray, R., & Eaves, L. (2001). Testing hypotheses on specific environmental causal effects on behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 291-324.
41. Scarr, S. (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990s: Development and individual differences. Child Development, 63, 1-19.
42. Sroufe, L. A., Coffino, B., & Carlson, E. A. (2010). Conceptualizing the role of early experience: Lessons from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study. Developmental Review, 30, 36-51.
43. Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person: The Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation From Birth to Adulthood. New York: Guilford.
44. Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., & Kreutzer, T. (1990). The fate of early experience following developmental change: Longitudinal approaches to individual adaptation in childhood. Child Development, 61, 1363-1373.
45. Stams, G. J. J. M., Juffer, F., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2002). Maternal sensitivity, infant attachment, and temperament predict adjustment in middle childhood: The case of adopted children and their biologically unrelated parents. Developmental Psychology, 38, 806-821.
46. Turkheimer, E. (2000). Three laws of behavior genetics and what they mean. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 160-164.
47. Turkheimer, E., & Waldron, M. (2000). Nonshared environment: A theoretical, methodological, and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 78-108.
48. Vandell, D. L., Belsky, J., Burchinal, M., Steinberg, L., Vandergrift, N., & the NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2010). Do effects of early child care extend to age 15years? Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Child Development, 81, 737-756.
49. van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Mesman, J. (2008). Dopamine system genes associated with parenting in the context of daily hassles. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 7, 403-410.
50. Veríssimo, M., & Salvaterra, F. (2006). Maternal secure-base scripts and children's attachment security in an adopted sample. Attachment & Human Development, 8, 261-273.