Managing functional constipation in children

Paediatrics and Child Health

Volumn 16, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 661-665

  Rowan Legg, Anne ^a  

^a CANADIAN PAEDIATRIC SOCIETY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Constipation; Encopresis; Laxative; Paediatric

Indexed keywords

BISACODYL; DOCUSATE SODIUM; ENEMA; GLYCEROL; LACTULOSE; MACROGOL; MACROGOL 3350; MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE; MINERAL OIL; PHOSPHATE; PLACEBO;

ABDOMINAL CRAMP; ABDOMINAL PAIN; BLOATING; CHILD; CONSTIPATION; DIARRHEA; DIET; FECES IMPACTION; FLATULENCE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INFANT; LABORATORY TEST; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOOSE FECES; NAUSEA; PATIENT EDUCATION; PATIENT REFERRAL; PROCTITIS; REVIEW; SENNA; SUPPOSITORY; VOMITING;

EID: 84858212197     PISSN: 12057088     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/pch/16.10.661     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: A systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2401-9. (Pubitemid 44477568)
2. Shah ND, Chitkara D, Locke R, Meek PD, Talley NJ. Ambulatory care for constipation in the United States, 1993-2004. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1746-53.
3. Borowitz SM, Cox DJ, Kovatchev B, Ritterband LM, Sheen J, Sutphen J. Treatment of childhood constipation by primary care physicians: Efficacy and predictors of outcome. Pediatrics 2005;115:873-7.
4. Rasquin-Weber A, Hyman PE, Cucchiara S, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gut 1999;45(Suppl 2):II60-8. (Pubitemid 29434815)
5. Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: Child/adolescent. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1527-37.
6. North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Evaluation and treatment of constipation in children: Summary of updated recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;43:405-7.
7. Bardisa-Ezcurra L, Ullman R, Gordon J; Guideline Development Group. Diagnosis and management of idiopathic childhood constipation: Summary of NICE guideline. BMJ 2010;340:c2585.
8. Walia R, Mahajan L, Steffen R. Recent advances in chronic constipation. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009;21:661-6.
9. Pensabene L, Buonomo C, Fishman L, Chitkara D, Nurko S. Lack of utility of abdominal x-rays in the evaluation of children with constipation: Comparison of different scoring methods. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;51:155-9.
10. Clifford C, Gorodzinsky F; Canadian Paediatric Society, Community Paediatrics Committee. Toilet learning: Anticipatory guidance with a childoriented approach. Paediatr Child Health 2000;5(6):333-5. 〈http://www.cps.ca/english/statements/cp/cp00-02.htm〉 (Accessed on October 20, 2011).
11. Youssef NN, Peters JM, Henderson W, Shultz-Peters S, Lockhart DK, Di Lorenzo C. Dose response of PEG 3350 for the treatment of childhood fecal impaction. J Pediatr 2002;141:410-4.
12. Bekkali NL, van den Berg MM, Dijkgraaf MG, et al. Rectal fecal impaction treatment in childhood constipation: Enemas versus high doses oral PEG. Pediatrics 2009;124:e1108-15.
13. Tolia V, Lin CH, Elitsur Y. A prospective randomized study with mineral oil and oral lavage solution for treatment of faecal impaction in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1993;7:523-9. (Pubitemid 23317884)
14. Gattuso JM, Kamm MA, Halligan SM, Bartram CI. The anal sphincter in idiopathic megarectum: The effects of manual disimpaction under general anesthetic. Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39:435-9. (Pubitemid 26116875)
15. Nolan T, Debelle G, Oberklaid F, Coffey C. Randomised trial of laxatives in treatment of childhood encopresis. Lancet 1991;338:523-7.
16. Pijpers MA, Tabbers MM, Benninga MA, Berger MY. Currently recommended treatments of childhood constipation are not evidence based: A systematic literature review on the effect of laxative treatment and dietary measures. Arch Dis Child 2009;94:117-31.
17. Chung S, Cheng A, Goldman RD. Polyethylene glycol 3350 without electrolytes for treatment of childhood constipation. Can Fam Physician 2009;55:481-2.
18. Thomson MA, Jenkins HR, Bisset WM, et al. Polyethylene glycol 3350 plus electrolytes for chronic constipation in children: A double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. Arch Dis Child 2007;92:996-1000. (Pubitemid 350043974)
19. Nurko S, Youssef NN, Sabri M, et al. PEG3350 in the treatment of childhood constipation: A multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. J Pediatr 2008;153:254-61.
20. Voskuijl W, de Lorijn F, Verwijs W, et al. PEG 3350 (Transipeg) versus lactulose in the treatment of childhood functional constipation: A double blind, randomised, controlled, multicentre trial. Gut 2004;53:1590-4. (Pubitemid 39434101)
21. Dupont C, Leluyer B, Maamri N, et al. Double-blind randomized evaluation of clinical and biological tolerance of polyethylene glycol 4000 versus lactulose in constipated children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005;41:625-33. (Pubitemid 41579674)
22. Gremse DA, Hixon J, Crutchfield A. Comparison of polyethylene glycol 3350 and lactulose for treatment of chronic constipation in children. Clin Pediatr 2002;41:225-9. (Pubitemid 34522477)
23. Candy DC, Edwards D, Geraint M. Treatment of faecal impaction with polyethylene glycol plus electrolytes (PGE+E) followed by a double-blind comparison of PGE+E versus lactulose as maintenance therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;43:65-70. (Pubitemid 44022388)
24. Loening-Baucke V, Pashankar DS. A randomized, prospective, comparison study of polyethylene glycol 3350 without electrolytes and milk of magnesia for children with constipation and fecal incontinence. Pediatrics 2006;118:528-35. (Pubitemid 46085407)
25. Bongers ME, van den Berg MM, Reitsma JB, Voskuijl WP, Benninga MA. A randomized controlled trial of enemas in combination with oral laxative therapy for children with chronic constipation. Clinical Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:1069-74.
26. Pashankar DS, Bishop WP. Efficacy and optimal dose of daily polyethylene glycol 3350 for treatment of constipation and encopresis in children. J Pediatr 2001;139:428-32. (Pubitemid 32889521)
27. Pashankar DS, Bishop WP, Loening-Baucke V. Long-term efficacy of polyethylene glycol 3350 for the treatment of chronic constipation in children with and without encopresis. Clin Pediatr 2003;42:815-9. (Pubitemid 37486847)
28. Pashankar DS, Loening-Baucke V, Bishop WP. Safety of polyethylene glycol 3350 for the treatment of chronic constipation in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:661-4. (Pubitemid 36818646)
29. Perkin J. Constipation in childhood: A controlled comparison between lactulose and standard senna. Curr Med Res Opin 1977;4(8):540-3. (Pubitemid 8093779)
30. Sondheimer J, Gervaise E. Lubricant versus laxative in the treatment of chronic functional constipation of children: A comparative study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1982;1(2):223-6. (Pubitemid 12013438)
31. Lewis SJ, Heaton KW. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997;32:920-4. (Pubitemid 27382038)
32. Inan M, Aydiner C, Tokuc B, et al. Factors associated with childhood constipation. J Paediatr Child Health 2007;43:700-6. (Pubitemid 47390256)
33. Morais MB, Vitolo MR, Aguirre AN, Fagundes-Neto U. Measurement of low dietary fiber intake as a risk factor for chronic constipation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;29:132-5. (Pubitemid 30366161)
34. Lee WT, Ip KS, Chan JS, Lui NW, Young BW. Increased prevalence of constipation in pre-school children is attributable to under-consumption of plant foods: A community-based study. J Pediatr Child Health 2008;44:170-5. (Pubitemid 351463936)
35. Carbohydrate and dietary fiber. In: Kleinman RE, ed. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 6th Edition, Community on Nutrition. American Academy of Pediatrics 2009;104.
36. Iacono G, Cavataio F, Montalto G, et al. Intolerance of cow's milk and chronic constipation in children. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1100-4. (Pubitemid 28465757)
37. Banaszkiewicz A, Szajewska H. Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus GG as an adjunct to lactulose for the treatment of constipation in children: A double -blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. J Pediatr 2005;146:364-9. (Pubitemid 40341747)
38. Bu LN, Chang MH, Ni YH, Chen HL, Cheng CC. Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus Lcr35 in children with chronic constipation. Pediatr Int 2007;49:485-90.
39. Loening-Baucke V, Krishna R, Pashankar DS. Polyethylene glycol 3350 without electrolytes for the treatment of functional constipation in infants and toddlers. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004:39;536-9.
40. Michail S, Gendy E, Preud'Homme D, Mezoff A. Polyethylene glycol for constipation in children younger than eighteen months old. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004;39:197-9.
41. Loening-Baucke V. Chronic constipation in children. Gastroenterology 1993;105:1557-64. (Pubitemid 23315336)
42. Lau E, ed. Drug Handbook and Formulary 2009-2010. The Hospital for Sick Children. Toronto, 2009.