메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 147, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 163-173

Shifting targets in the tundra: Protection of migratory caribou calving grounds must account for spatial changes over time

Author keywords

Calving grounds; Conservation planning; Habitat protection; Migratory caribou

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; CONSERVATION PLANNING; DEER; HABITAT CONSERVATION; HABITAT TYPE; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; MONITORING; POPULATION DECLINE; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; TUNDRA; WILD POPULATION;

EID: 84858150510     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.027     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (58)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0037376488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-stage algorithm for filtering erroneous ARGOS satellite locations
    • Austin D.J., McMillan I., Bowen W.D. A three-stage algorithm for filtering erroneous ARGOS satellite locations. Marine Mammal Science 2003, 19:371-383.
    • (2003) Marine Mammal Science , vol.19 , pp. 371-383
    • Austin, D.J.1    McMillan, I.2    Bowen, W.D.3
  • 2
    • 0007158639 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of the Ungava caribou
    • Banfield A.W.S., Tener J.S. A preliminary study of the Ungava caribou. Journal of Mammalogy 1958, 39:560-573.
    • (1958) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.39 , pp. 560-573
    • Banfield, A.W.S.1    Tener, J.S.2
  • 4
    • 84858152676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beverly and Qamanirjuaq Caribou Management Board (BQCMB)
    • Protecting Calving Grounds, Post-Calving Areas and Other Important Habitats for Beverly and Qamanirjuaq Caribou. Yellowknife, NT.
    • Beverly and Qamanirjuaq Caribou Management Board (BQCMB), 2004. Protecting Calving Grounds, Post-Calving Areas and Other Important Habitats for Beverly and Qamanirjuaq Caribou. Yellowknife, NT.
    • (2004)
  • 5
    • 68349158258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveys at a Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii calving ground adjacent to the Arjinshan Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China: decline and recovery of a population
    • Bleisch W.V., Buzzard P.J., Zhang H., Xü D., Liu Z., Li W., Wong H. Surveys at a Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii calving ground adjacent to the Arjinshan Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China: decline and recovery of a population. Oryx 2008, 43:191-196.
    • (2008) Oryx , vol.43 , pp. 191-196
    • Bleisch, W.V.1    Buzzard, P.J.2    Zhang, H.3    Xü, D.4    Liu, Z.5    Li, W.6    Wong, H.7
  • 6
    • 37149042840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for integrative approaches to understand and conserve migratory ungulates
    • Bolger D.T., Newmark W.D., Morrison T.A., Doak D.F. The need for integrative approaches to understand and conserve migratory ungulates. Ecology Letters 2008, 11:63-77.
    • (2008) Ecology Letters , vol.11 , pp. 63-77
    • Bolger, D.T.1    Newmark, W.D.2    Morrison, T.A.3    Doak, D.F.4
  • 9
    • 6044224689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth performance of Cladina stellaris following caribou disturbance in subarctic Quebec
    • Boudreau S., Payette S. Growth performance of Cladina stellaris following caribou disturbance in subarctic Quebec. Ecoscience 2004, 11:347-355.
    • (2004) Ecoscience , vol.11 , pp. 347-355
    • Boudreau, S.1    Payette, S.2
  • 10
    • 34848843705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrative use of spatial, genetic, and demographic analyses for investigating genetic connectivity between migratory, montane, and resident caribou herds
    • Boulet M., Couturier S., Côté S.D., Otto R.D., Bernatchez L. Integrative use of spatial, genetic, and demographic analyses for investigating genetic connectivity between migratory, montane, and resident caribou herds. Molecular Ecology 2007, 16:4223-4240.
    • (2007) Molecular Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 4223-4240
    • Boulet, M.1    Couturier, S.2    Côté, S.D.3    Otto, R.D.4    Bernatchez, L.5
  • 11
    • 84858152675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CARMA (CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network), (accessed June 2011).
    • CARMA (CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network), 2011. (accessed June 2011). http://www.carmanetwork.com.
    • (2011)
  • 12
    • 84858160779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CLS, Argos User's Manual. Worldwide Tracking and Environmental Monitoring by Satellite. (accessed June 2011).
    • CLS, 2011. Argos User's Manual. Worldwide Tracking and Environmental Monitoring by Satellite. (accessed June 2011). http://argos-system.clsamerica.com/manual/.
    • (2011)
  • 13
    • 84858152683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CMS (Convention on Migratory Species), Critical sites and ecological networks for migratory species. In: Tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Bergen, UNEP/CMS. (accessed November 2011).
    • CMS (Convention on Migratory Species), 2011. Critical sites and ecological networks for migratory species. In: Tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Bergen, UNEP/CMS. (accessed November 2011). http://www.cms.int/.
    • (2011)
  • 14
    • 79951881349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation in the face of climate change: the roles of alternative models, monitoring, and adaptation in confronting and reducing uncertainty
    • Conroy M.J., Runge M.C., Nichols J.D., Stodola K.W., Cooper R.J. Conservation in the face of climate change: the roles of alternative models, monitoring, and adaptation in confronting and reducing uncertainty. Biological Conservation 2011, 144:1204-1213.
    • (2011) Biological Conservation , vol.144 , pp. 1204-1213
    • Conroy, M.J.1    Runge, M.C.2    Nichols, J.D.3    Stodola, K.W.4    Cooper, R.J.5
  • 15
    • 0000459060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calving photocensus of the Rivière George Caribou Herd and comparison with an independent census
    • Couturier S., Courtois R., Crépeau H., Rivest L.-P., Luttich S. Calving photocensus of the Rivière George Caribou Herd and comparison with an independent census. Rangifer 1996, 9:283-296.
    • (1996) Rangifer , vol.9 , pp. 283-296
    • Couturier, S.1    Courtois, R.2    Crépeau, H.3    Rivest, L.-P.4    Luttich, S.5
  • 16
    • 34848921094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demography of the Migratory Tundra Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the Nord-du-Québec Region and Labrador.
    • Ministère des Ressources naturelles, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, Québec.
    • Couturier, S., Donald, J., Otto, R., Rivard, S., 2004. Demography of the Migratory Tundra Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the Nord-du-Québec Region and Labrador. Ministère des Ressources naturelles, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, Québec.
    • (2004)
    • Couturier, S.1    Donald, J.2    Otto, R.3    Rivard, S.4
  • 17
    • 65949097707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in calf body mass in migratory caribou: the role of habitat, climate, and movements
    • Couturier S., Côté S.D., Otto R., Weladji R.B., Huot J. Variation in calf body mass in migratory caribou: the role of habitat, climate, and movements. Journal of Mammalogy 2009, 90:442-452.
    • (2009) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.90 , pp. 442-452
    • Couturier, S.1    Côté, S.D.2    Otto, R.3    Weladji, R.B.4    Huot, J.5
  • 20
    • 84858153817 scopus 로고
    • Estimation du nombre de caribous associés aux aires de mise bas de la rivière aux Feuilles et de la rivière George en 1986. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • Crête, M., Le Hénaff, D., Nault, R., Vandal, D., Lizotte, N., 1987. Estimation du nombre de caribous associés aux aires de mise bas de la rivière aux Feuilles et de la rivière George en 1986. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • (1987)
    • Crête, M.1    Le Hénaff, D.2    Nault, R.3    Vandal, D.4    Lizotte, N.5
  • 21
    • 84858160784 scopus 로고
    • Estimation du nombre de caribous associés à l'aire de mise bas de la Rivière George en 1988 et révision des estimations antérieures. Ministère du Loisi
    • Crête, M., Le Hénaff, D., Nault, R., Rivest, L.-P., Luttich, S., 1989. Estimation du nombre de caribous associés à l'aire de mise bas de la Rivière George en 1988 et révision des estimations antérieures. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • (1989)
    • Crête, M.1    Le Hénaff, D.2    Nault, R.3    Rivest, L.-P.4    Luttich, S.5
  • 22
    • 0002258291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative contribution of decreased productivity and survival to recent changes in the demographic trend of the Rivière George Caribou Herd
    • Crête M., Couturier S., Hearn B.J., Chubbs T.E. Relative contribution of decreased productivity and survival to recent changes in the demographic trend of the Rivière George Caribou Herd. Rangifer 1996, 9:27-36.
    • (1996) Rangifer , vol.9 , pp. 27-36
    • Crête, M.1    Couturier, S.2    Hearn, B.J.3    Chubbs, T.E.4
  • 23
    • 0023499035 scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditures for locomotion by barren-ground caribou
    • Fancy S.G., White R.G. Energy expenditures for locomotion by barren-ground caribou. Canadian Journal of Zoology 1986, 65:122-128.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.65 , pp. 122-128
    • Fancy, S.G.1    White, R.G.2
  • 27
    • 84858160785 scopus 로고
    • Inventaire terrestre des caribous de la rivière George sur l'aire de mise bas, juin 1986. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • Gagnon, L., Barrette, C., 1986. Inventaire terrestre des caribous de la rivière George sur l'aire de mise bas, juin 1986. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • (1986)
    • Gagnon, L.1    Barrette, C.2
  • 28
    • 84858152415 scopus 로고
    • Dénombrement des caribous sur l'aire de mise bas du troupeau de la rivière George par photographies aériennes verticales en juin 1984. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêch
    • Goudreault, F., Le Hénaff, D., Crête, M., Luttich, S., 1985. Dénombrement des caribous sur l'aire de mise bas du troupeau de la rivière George par photographies aériennes verticales en juin 1984. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • (1985)
    • Goudreault, F.1    Le Hénaff, D.2    Crête, M.3    Luttich, S.4
  • 29
    • 0037526610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Porcupine caribou herd
    • Douglas, D.C., Reynolds, P.E., Rhode, E.B. (Eds.), Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain Terrestrial Wildlife Research Summaries. Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001. US Geological Survey, Alaska
    • Griffith, B., Douglas, D.C., Walsh, N.E., Young, D.D., McCabe, T.R., Russell, D.E., White, R.G., Cameron, R.D., Whitten, K.R., 2002. The Porcupine caribou herd. In: Douglas, D.C., Reynolds, P.E., Rhode, E.B. (Eds.), Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain Terrestrial Wildlife Research Summaries. Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001. US Geological Survey, Alaska, pp. 8-37.
    • (2002) , pp. 8-37
    • Griffith, B.1    Douglas, D.C.2    Walsh, N.E.3    Young, D.D.4    McCabe, T.R.5    Russell, D.E.6    White, R.G.7    Cameron, R.D.8    Whitten, K.R.9
  • 30
    • 0001927134 scopus 로고
    • Traditional behaviour and fidelity to caribou calving grounds by barren-grounds caribou
    • (Special Issue)
    • Gunn A., Miller F.L. Traditional behaviour and fidelity to caribou calving grounds by barren-grounds caribou. Rangifer 1986, 1:151-158. (Special Issue).
    • (1986) Rangifer , vol.1 , pp. 151-158
    • Gunn, A.1    Miller, F.L.2
  • 38
    • 84858153820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Protected Areas - What Are They, Why Have Them? (accessed June 2011).
    • IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), 2010. Protected Areas - What Are They, Why Have Them? (accessed June 2011). http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes.
    • (2010)
  • 39
    • 84858152682 scopus 로고
    • Recensement et étude sur le terrain de vêlage du Lac Champdoré, juin 1974. Ministère du Tourisme, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • Juniper, I., 1974. Recensement et étude sur le terrain de vêlage du Lac Champdoré, juin 1974. Ministère du Tourisme, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • (1974)
    • Juniper, I.1
  • 40
    • 84858160780 scopus 로고
    • Inventaire aérien des terrains de vêlage du caribou dans la région nord et au nord du territoire de la municipalité de la Baie James (mai - juin 1975). Ministère du Tourisme, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec.
    • Le Hénaff, D., 1976. Inventaire aérien des terrains de vêlage du caribou dans la région nord et au nord du territoire de la municipalité de la Baie James (mai - juin 1975). Ministère du Tourisme, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec.
    • (1976)
    • Le Hénaff, D.1
  • 41
    • 84858160783 scopus 로고
    • Observations sur le terrain de vêlage du caribou du la Rivière Ford (Ungava) mai-juin 1978. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec.
    • Le Hénaff, D., 1979a. Observations sur le terrain de vêlage du caribou du la Rivière Ford (Ungava) mai-juin 1978. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec.
    • (1979)
    • Le Hénaff, D.1
  • 42
    • 84858152681 scopus 로고
    • Observations sur le terrain de vêlage du caribou du Lac Champdoré (nord-est de Schefferville) mai-juin 1978. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec.
    • Le Hénaff, D., 1979b. Observations sur le terrain de vêlage du caribou du Lac Champdoré (nord-est de Schefferville) mai-juin 1978. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec.
    • (1979)
    • Le Hénaff, D.1
  • 43
    • 84858160781 scopus 로고
    • Post-calving Distribution and Composition of George River Caribou Herd on the Caribou Mountain (Hebron - «Height of Land») Caribou Range, 23-26 June 1976 and 12-14 June 1977.
    • Project Report No. 4001. Newfoundland and Labrador Wildlife Division, St. John's, NL.
    • Luttich, S., 1978. Post-calving Distribution and Composition of George River Caribou Herd on the Caribou Mountain (Hebron - «Height of Land») Caribou Range, 23-26 June 1976 and 12-14 June 1977. Project Report No. 4001. Newfoundland and Labrador Wildlife Division, St. John's, NL.
    • (1978)
    • Luttich, S.1
  • 44
    • 84858153819 scopus 로고
    • Connaissances sur le troupeau de caribous de la Rivière George. Ministère du Loisir, de la chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • Messier, F., Huot, J., 1985. Connaissances sur le troupeau de caribous de la Rivière George. Ministère du Loisir, de la chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • (1985)
    • Messier, F.1    Huot, J.2
  • 45
    • 0024192001 scopus 로고
    • Demography of the George river caribou herd: evidence of population regulation by forage exploitation and range expansion
    • Messier F., Huot J., Le Hénaff D., Luttich S. Demography of the George river caribou herd: evidence of population regulation by forage exploitation and range expansion. Artic 1988, 41:279-287.
    • (1988) Artic , vol.41 , pp. 279-287
    • Messier, F.1    Huot, J.2    Le Hénaff, D.3    Luttich, S.4
  • 46
    • 40949153106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of forage: predicting dynamic habitats of Mongolian gazelles using satellite-based estimates of vegetation productivity
    • Mueller T., Olson K.A., Fuller T.K., Schaller G.B., Murray M.G., Leimgruber P. In search of forage: predicting dynamic habitats of Mongolian gazelles using satellite-based estimates of vegetation productivity. Journal of Applied Ecology 2008, 45:649-658.
    • (2008) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.45 , pp. 649-658
    • Mueller, T.1    Olson, K.A.2    Fuller, T.K.3    Schaller, G.B.4    Murray, M.G.5    Leimgruber, P.6
  • 47
    • 0032457318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative impacts of an evolving oil-field complex on the distribution of calving caribou
    • Nellemann C., Cameron R.D. Cumulative impacts of an evolving oil-field complex on the distribution of calving caribou. Canadian Journal of Zoology 1998, 76:1425-1430.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.76 , pp. 1425-1430
    • Nellemann, C.1    Cameron, R.D.2
  • 48
    • 50249104373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inspection of mob-calls as sources of predator information: response of migrant and resident birds in the Neotropics
    • Nocera J.J., Taylor P.D., Ratcliffe L.M. Inspection of mob-calls as sources of predator information: response of migrant and resident birds in the Neotropics. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2008, 62:1769-1777.
    • (2008) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.62 , pp. 1769-1777
    • Nocera, J.J.1    Taylor, P.D.2    Ratcliffe, L.M.3
  • 50
    • 84858160782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Québec Government, Procédure pour l'établissement de l'aire de mise bas à l'aide des données Argos. Jean, D. Ministère des ressources Naturelles et de la Faune. Québec, Québec.
    • Québec Government, 2004. Procédure pour l'établissement de l'aire de mise bas à l'aide des données Argos. Jean, D. Ministère des ressources Naturelles et de la Faune. Québec, Québec.
    • (2004)
  • 51
    • 84858152678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Québec Government, Plan Nord. For a Socially Responsible and Sustainable Form of Economic Development. Ministère des Ressources naturelles et Faune. (accessed June 2011).
    • Québec Government, 2009. Plan Nord. For a Socially Responsible and Sustainable Form of Economic Development. Ministère des Ressources naturelles et Faune. (accessed June 2011). http://www.plannord.gouv.qc.ca/english/.
    • (2009)
  • 52
    • 84858152679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Québec Government, Regulation Respecting Wildlife Habitats (R.R.Q., c C-61.1, r 18) and the Conservation and Development of Wildlife Act (R.S.Q., c. C-61.1). Québec, Québec. (accessed November 2011).
    • Québec Government, 2011a. Regulation Respecting Wildlife Habitats (R.R.Q., c C-61.1, r 18) and the Conservation and Development of Wildlife Act (R.S.Q., c. C-61.1). Québec, Québec. (accessed November 2011). http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/publications/lois-reglem-en.htm.
    • (2011)
  • 53
    • 84858153818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Québec Government, Plan Nord Provisional Master Plan - Parc National des Monts-Pyramides Project. Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs. (accessed November 2011).
    • Québec Government, 2011b. Plan Nord Provisional Master Plan - Parc National des Monts-Pyramides Project. Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs. (accessed November 2011). http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/parcs/monts-pyramides/index_en.htm.
    • (2011)
  • 56
    • 0034519502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site fidelity of female caribou at multiple spatial scales
    • Schaefer J.A., Bergman C.M., Luttich S.N. Site fidelity of female caribou at multiple spatial scales. Landscape Ecology 2000, 15:731-739.
    • (2000) Landscape Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 731-739
    • Schaefer, J.A.1    Bergman, C.M.2    Luttich, S.N.3
  • 57
    • 66749139604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of climate change on the seasonal distribution of migratory caribou
    • Sharma S., Couturier S., Côté S.D. Impacts of climate change on the seasonal distribution of migratory caribou. Global Change Biology 2009, 15:2549-2562.
    • (2009) Global Change Biology , vol.15 , pp. 2549-2562
    • Sharma, S.1    Couturier, S.2    Côté, S.D.3
  • 60
    • 78650956975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conserving a moving target: planning protection for a migratory species as its distribution changes
    • Singh N.J., Milner-Gulland E.J. Conserving a moving target: planning protection for a migratory species as its distribution changes. Journal of Applied Ecology 2011, 48:35-46.
    • (2011) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 35-46
    • Singh, N.J.1    Milner-Gulland, E.J.2
  • 61
    • 0006159278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movements of female moose in relation to birth and death of calves
    • Testa J.W., Becker E.F., Lee G.R. Movements of female moose in relation to birth and death of calves. Alces 2000, 36:155-162.
    • (2000) Alces , vol.36 , pp. 155-162
    • Testa, J.W.1    Becker, E.F.2    Lee, G.R.3
  • 63
    • 84858153816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UNEP-WCMC (United Nations Environment Program-World Conservation Monitoring Centre), Parks, Protected Areas and World Heritage. (accessed June 2011).
    • UNEP-WCMC (United Nations Environment Program-World Conservation Monitoring Centre), 2010. Parks, Protected Areas and World Heritage. (accessed June 2011). http://quin.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/protected_areas.htm.
    • (2010)
  • 64
    • 84858152416 scopus 로고
    • Délimitation de l'aire de mise bas du troupeau de caribous de la rivière George en juin 1987. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • Vandal, D., Couturier, S., 1988. Délimitation de l'aire de mise bas du troupeau de caribous de la rivière George en juin 1987. Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • (1988)
    • Vandal, D.1    Couturier, S.2
  • 65
    • 84858152677 scopus 로고
    • Distribution saisonnière et migrations des caribous des Rivières George et aux Feuilles de 1983 à 1987. Ministère des Loisirs, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • Vandal, D., Couturier, S., Rémillard, D., Luttich, S., 1989. Distribution saisonnière et migrations des caribous des Rivières George et aux Feuilles de 1983 à 1987. Ministère des Loisirs, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Québec, Québec.
    • (1989)
    • Vandal, D.1    Couturier, S.2    Rémillard, D.3    Luttich, S.4
  • 66
    • 0034777936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoidance of cabins, roads, and power lines by reindeer during calving
    • Vistnes I., Nelleman C. Avoidance of cabins, roads, and power lines by reindeer during calving. Journal of Wildlife Management 2001, 65:915-925.
    • (2001) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.65 , pp. 915-925
    • Vistnes, I.1    Nelleman, C.2
  • 67
    • 38949135526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The matter of spatial and temporal scales: a review of reindeer and caribou response to human activity
    • Vistnes I., Nelleman C. The matter of spatial and temporal scales: a review of reindeer and caribou response to human activity. Polar Biology 2008, 31:399-407.
    • (2008) Polar Biology , vol.31 , pp. 399-407
    • Vistnes, I.1    Nelleman, C.2
  • 68
    • 0034948426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movements of female elk during calving season in northwest Montana
    • Vore J.M., Schmidt E.M. Movements of female elk during calving season in northwest Montana. Wildlife Society Bulletin 2001, 29:720-725.
    • (2001) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.29 , pp. 720-725
    • Vore, J.M.1    Schmidt, E.M.2
  • 69
    • 66749091593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global declines of caribou and reindeer
    • Vors L.S., Boyce M.S. Global declines of caribou and reindeer. Global Change Biology 2009, 15:2626-2633.
    • (2009) Global Change Biology , vol.15 , pp. 2626-2633
    • Vors, L.S.1    Boyce, M.S.2
  • 70
    • 74549208577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching the multiple scales of conservation with the multiple scales of climate change
    • Wiens J.A., Bachelet D. Matching the multiple scales of conservation with the multiple scales of climate change. Conservation Biology 2010, 24:51-62.
    • (2010) Conservation Biology , vol.24 , pp. 51-62
    • Wiens, J.A.1    Bachelet, D.2
  • 72
    • 0033858218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of reindeer and caribou to human activities
    • Wolfe S.A., Griffith B., Gray Wolfe C.A. Response of reindeer and caribou to human activities. Polar Research 2000, 19:63-73.
    • (2000) Polar Research , vol.19 , pp. 63-73
    • Wolfe, S.A.1    Griffith, B.2    Gray Wolfe, C.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.