Cyprus as a degraded landscape or resilient environment in the wake of colonial intrusion

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 109, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 3670-3675

  Harris, Sarah E ^a  

^a WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Colonial policies; Goats; Mediterranean degradation

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ARTICLE; BIODEGRADATION; CYPRUS; ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HISTORY; LAND USE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMALS; CLIMATE; COLONIALISM; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; CYPRUS; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION; GLOBAL WARMING; GOATS; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; MEDITERRANEAN REGION;

CAPRA HIRCUS;

EID: 84857978263     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1114085109     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Löher F (1878) Cyprus, Historical and Descriptive, trans Batson Joyner A (W. H. Allen, London).
2. Baker S (1879) Cyprus as I Saw It in 1879 (Macmillan, London).
3. Wild A (1879) Report on the Forests in the South and West of the Island of Cyprus. Presented to Both Houses of Parliament of Her Majesty (Harrison and Sons, London).
4. Madon P (1930) Forest Conservancy in the Island of Cyprus (Government Printing Office, Nicosia, Cyprus).
5. Hutchins D (1909) Report on Cyprus Forestry (Waterlow & Sons Ltd., London).
6. Troup R (1930) Summary of the Recommendations Contained in a Report on Forestry in Cyprus (M.P. 687/30) (Government Printing Office, Nicosia, Cyprus).
7. Christodoulou D (1959) The Evolution of the Rural Land Use Pattern in Cyprus (Geographical Publications Limited, London).
8. Thirgood J (1987) Cyprus: A Chronicle of Its Forests, Land, and People (University of British Columbia, Vancouver).
9. Michaelides E (1999) Report on Forest Sector Institutions of Cyprus. FAO Project TCP/CYP/6712 (Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus).
10. Rackham O (2001) Trees and Woodland in the British Landscape (Phoenix Press, London).
11. Butzer KW (2012) Collapse, environment, and society. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 3632-3639.
12. Grove A, Rackham O (2001) The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: An Ecological History (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT).
13. Blumler M (1998) Nature's Geography: New Lessons for Conservation in Developing Countries, eds Zimmerer K, Young K (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI), pp 215-236.
14. Horden P, Purcell N (2000) The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History (Blackwell, Oxford).
15. Rackham O, Moody J (1996) The Making of the Cretan Landscape (Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK).
16. Butzer K (2005) Environmental history in the Mediterranean world: Cross-disciplinary investigation of cause-and-effect for degradation and soil erosion. J Archaeol Sci 32:1773-1800.
17. Butzer K, Harris S (2007) Geoarchaeological approaches to the environmental history of Cyprus: Explication and critical evaluation. J Archaeol Sci 34:1932-1952. (Pubitemid 47430494)
18. Fairhead J, Leach M (1996) The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received Wisdom on the African Environment, eds Leach M, Mearns R (Currey, Oxford), pp 105-121.
19. Beinart W, Coates P (1995) Environment and History: The Taming of Nature in the USA and South Africa (Routledge, London).
20. Blaikie P (2001) Social Nature: Theory, Practice and Politics, eds Castree N, Braun R (Blackwell, Oxford), pp 133-150.
21. Said E (1978) Orientalism (Pantheon Books, New York).
22. Meiggs R (1982) Trees and Timber in the Ancient Mediterranean World (Clarendon, Oxford).
23. Thirgood J (1981) Man and the Mediterranean Forest: A History of Resource Depletion (Academic, New York).
24. Deckers K (2006) Post-Roman history of river systems in Western Cyprus: Causes and archaeological implications. J Mediterr Archaeol 18:155-181.
25. Devillers B (2005) Morphogenesis and Holocene Anthropisation of a Semi-Arid Xatchment (Presse Universitaire Blaise Pascal, Aix-Marseille, Gialias, Cyprus).
26. Given M, Knapp A (2003) The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project: Social Approaches to Regional Archaeological Survey (University of California Press, Los Angeles).
27. Given M, Corley H, Sollars L (2007) Joining the dots: Continuous survey, routine practice, and the interpretation of a Cypriot landscape. Internet Archaeol 20. Available at http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue20/taesp-index.html. Accessed February 10, 2012.
28. Gomez B (1987) The alluvial terraces and fills of the lower Vasilikos Valley in the vicinity of Kalavasos. Cyprus T I Brit Geogr 12:345-359.
29. Burnet J (2004) Forest Bioresource Utilisation in the Eastern Mediterranean Since Antiquity: A Case Study of the Makheras, Cyprus (Archaeopress, Oxford).
30. Grivaud G (1990) Western Travellers to Cyprus in the 15thCentury (Cyprus Research Center, Nicosia, Cyprus), Vol 1.
31. Martin D (1998) English Texts: Frankish and Turkish Periods (Greece and Cyprus Research Center, Albany, NY).
32. Grishin A (1996) A Pilgrim's Account of Cyprus: Bars'kyj's Travels in Cyprus (Greece and Cyprus Research Center, Albany, NY).
33. Unger F, Kotschy T (1865) The Physical and Biological Nature of the Island of Cyprus (Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna).
34. De Montrichard G (1874) The island of Cyprus. Revue Des Eaux et Forets 13:33-42.
35. Biddulph R (1889) Cyprus. Proc R Geogr Soc Monthly Rec Geogr 12:705-719.
36. Holmboe J (1914) Studies on the Vegetation of Cyprus (Berges Museums Skrifter, Bergen, Norway).
37. Navari L (2003) Maps of Cyprus: From the Collections of the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation (Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus).
38. Gole S (1996) Cyprus on the Table: Maps of Cyprus in British Government Papers, 1878-1920 (Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus).
39. De Mas Latrie L (1870) The Island of Cyprus: Its Present Situation and the Remains from the Middle Ages (Firmin-Didot, Paris).
40. Kitchener H, Grant C (1885) A Trigonometrical Survey of the Island of Cyprus (Edward Stanford, London).
41. Harris S (2007) Colonial forestry and environmental history: British policies in Cyprus, 1878-1960. PhD dissertation (University of Texas, Austin, TX).
42. Scott J (1985) Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT).
43. Stern S (1987) Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI).
44. Guha R, Spivak GC (1988) Selected Subaltern Studies (Oxford University Press, New York).
45. Guha R (1989) The Unquiet Woods: Ecological Change and Peasant Resistance in the Himalaya (Oxford University Press, Delhi).
46. Sivaramakrishnan K (1999) Modern Forests: Statemaking and Environmental Change in Colonial Eastern India (Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA).
47. Gallant T (2002) Experiencing Dominion: Culture, Identity, and Power in the British Mediterranean (University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN).
48. Given M (2004) Maps, fields, and boundary cairns: Demarcation and resistance in colonial Cyprus. Int J Hist Archaeol 6:1-22.
49. Rangan H (2000) Agrarian Environments: Resources, Representations, and Rule in India, eds Agrawal A, Sivaramakrishnan K (Duke University Press, Durham, NC), pp 23-46.
50. Anderson D (2002) Eroding the Commons: The Politics of Ecology in Baringo, Kenya 1890-1968 (James Currey, Oxford).
51. Burn W (1936) The British occupation of Cyprus. United Empire 27:133-138.
52. Hill G (1952) A History of Cyprus (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK), Vol IV.
53. Hardin G (1968) The tragedy of the commons. Science 162:1243-1248.
54. Ostrom E (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge University Press, New York).
55. Feeny D, Berkes F, Mccay BJ, Acheson JM (1990) The tragedy of the commons: Twentytwo years later. Hum Ecol 18:1-19.
56. Middleton J (1900) Sketch of the Ottoman land code for Cyprus. J Soc Comp Legislation 2:141-150.
57. Siddle D (2009) Goats, marginality and the 'dangerous other.' Environ Hist (Cambr) 15:521-536.
58. Brower B, DennisA(1998) Nature'sGeography:NewLessons for Conservation in Developing Countries,edsZimmererK,YoungK(UniversityofWisconsinPress,Madison,WI), pp184-208.
59. Butzer K (1988) Cattle and sheep from Old to New Spain: Historical antecedents. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 78:29-56.
60. Butzer K (1996) Ecology in the long view: Settlement histories, agrosystemic strategies, and ecological performance. J Field Archaeol 23:141-150.
61. Bernáldez F (1995) Global Land Use Change, eds Turner B, Gómez Sal A (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid), pp 131-149.
62. Vassberg D (1996) The Village and the Outside World in Golden Age Castile: Mobility and Migration in Everyday Rural Life (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).
63. Bar-Yosef O, Khazanov A (1992) Pastoralism in the Levant: Archaeological Materials in Anthropological Perspectives (Prehistory Press, Madison, WI).
64. Pyne S (1997) Vestal Fire: An Environmental History, Told Through Fire, or Europe and Europe's Encounter with the World (University of Washington Press, Seattle).
65. BlumlerM(1993) Landscape Sensitivity, eds Thomas D, Allison R (Wiley, New York), pp 287-305.
66. Trabaud L, Casal M (1989) Landscape Ecology: Study of Mediterranean Grazed Ecosystems, ed Clawson WJ (Program International L'Homme et La Biosphère, Nice, France), pp 120-132.
67. Gordon W (1955) The Law in Forestry (H.M. Stationery Off, London).
68. Given M (2004) The Archaeology of the Colonized (Routledge, London).
69. Katsiaounis R (1996) Labour, Society and Politics in Cyprus During the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century (Cyprus Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus).
70. Bryant R (2004) Imagining the Modern: The Cultures of Nationalism in Cyprus (Palgrave Macmillan, London).
71. Given M (2000) Agriculture, settlement and landscape in Ottoman Cyprus. Levant 32:215-236.
72. Diamond J (2010) Two views of collapse. Nature 463:880-881.