Breast tenderness and breast cancer risk in the estrogen plus progestin and estrogen-alone women's health initiative clinical trials

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment

Volumn 132, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 275-285

  Crandall, Carolyn J ^a   Aragaki, Aaron K ^b   Cauley, Jane A ^c   McTiernan, Anne ^b   Manson, JoAnn E ^d   Anderson, Garnet ^b   Chlebowski, Rowan T ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e HARBOR UCLA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Breast tenderness; Conjugated equine estrogens; Medroxyprogesterone acetate; Menopausal hormone therapy

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; PLACEBO;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; BREAST CARCINOGENESIS; BREAST TENDERNESS; CANCER INVASION; CANCER RISK; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE DURATION; DRUG INDUCED CANCER; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAMMOGRAPHY; MONOTHERAPY; MULTICENTER STUDY; ONSET AGE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SELF REPORT; STEROID THERAPY; TREATMENT DURATION; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

AGED; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DRUG COMBINATIONS; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED (USP); FEMALE; HUMANS; KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE; MASTODYNIA; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; PREVALENCE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS;

EID: 84857914293     PISSN: 01676806     EISSN: 15737217     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1848-9     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Brunner RL, Aragaki A, Barnabei V, Cochrane BB, Gass M, Hendrix S, Lane D, Ockene J, Woods NF, Yasmeen S, Stefanick M (2010) Menopausal symptom experience before and after stopping estrogen therapy in the women's health initiative randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Menopause. doi:10.1097/gme. 0b013e3181d76953
2. Crandall CJ, Karlamangla A, Huang MH, Ursin G, Guan M, Greendale GA (2006) Association of new-onset breast discomfort with an increase in mammographic density during hormone therapy. Arch Intern Med 166(15):1578-1584 (Pubitemid 44232365)
3. Utian WH, Shoupe D, Bachmann G, Pinkerton JV, Pickar JH (2001) Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Fertil Steril 75(6):1065-1079 (Pubitemid 32522600)
4. Huber J, Palacios S, Berglund L, Hanggi W, Sathanandan SM, Christau S, Helmond F (2002) Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on bleeding rates, quality of life and tolerability in postmenopausal women. BJOG 109(8):886-893 (Pubitemid 37337967)
5. Welton AJ, Vickers MR, Kim J, Ford D, Lawton BA, MacLennan AH, Meredith SK, Martin J, Meade TW (2008) Health related quality of life after combined hormone replacement therapy: randomised controlled trial. Br Med J 337:a1190
6. Barnabei VM, Cochrane BB, Aragaki AK, Nygaard I, Williams RS, McGovern PG, Young RL, Wells EC, O'Sullivan MJ, Chen B, Schenken R, Johnson SR (2005) Menopausal symptoms and treatment-related effects of estrogen and progestin in the women's health initiative. Obstet Gynecol 105(5 Pt 1):1063-1073 (Pubitemid 40571027)
7. Crandall CJ, Markovic D, Huang MH, Greendale GA (2010) Predictors of breast discomfort among women initiating menopausal hormone therapy. Menopause 17(3):462-470. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181c29e68
8. Berek JS, Novak E (2007) Berek & Novak's gynecology, 14th edn edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
9. Speroff L, Fritz MA (2005) Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility, 7th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
10. Strauss JF, Barbieri RL (2009) Yen and Jaffe's reproductive endocrinology: physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management, 6th edn. Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia
11. Boyd NF, Byng JW, Jong RA, Fishell EK, Little LE, Miller AB, Lockwood GA, Tritchler DL, Yaffe MJ (1995) Quantitative classification of mammographic densities and breast cancer risk: results from the Canadian national breast screening study. J Natl Cancer Inst 87(9):670-675
12. Byrne C, Schairer C, Wolfe J, Parekh N, Salane M, Brinton LA, Hoover R, Haile R (1995) Mammographic features and breast cancer risk: effects with time, age, and menopause status. J Natl Cancer Inst 87(21):1622-1629
13. Crandall CJ, Aragaki AK, Chlebowski RT, McTiernan A, Anderson G, Hendrix SL, Cochrane BB, Kuller LH, Cauley JA (2009) New-onset breast tenderness after initiation of estrogen plus progestin therapy and breast cancer risk. Arch Intern Med 169(18):1684-1691. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.303
14. Chlebowski RT, Hendrix SL, Langer RD, Stefanick ML, Gass M, Lane D, Rodabough RJ, Gilligan MA, Cyr MG, Thomson CA, Khandekar J, Petrovitch H, McTiernan A (2003) Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the women's health initiative randomized trial. J Am Med Assoc 289(24):3243-3253 (Pubitemid 37430077)
15. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black H, Bonds D, Brunner R, Brzyski R, Caan B, Chlebowski R, Curb D, Gass M, Hays J, Heiss G, Hendrix S, Howard BV, Hsia J, Hubbell A, Jackson R, Johnson KC, Judd H, Kotchen JM, Kuller L, LaCroix AZ, Lane D, Langer RD, Lasser N, Lewis CE, Manson J, Margolis K, Ockene J, O'Sullivan MJ, Phillips L, Prentice RL, Ritenbaugh C, Robbins J, Rossouw JE, Sarto G, Stefanick ML, Van Horn L, Wactawski-Wende J, Wallace R, Wassertheil-Smoller S (2004) Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the women's health initiative randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 291(14):1701-1712 (Pubitemid 38489892)
16. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SA, Howard BV, Johnson KC,KotchenJM,Ockene J (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from thewomen's health initiative randomized controlled trial. J AmMed Assoc 288(3):321-333 (Pubitemid 34761611)
17. Stefanick ML, Anderson GL, Margolis KL, Hendrix SL, Rodabough RJ, Paskett ED, Lane DS, Hubbell FA, Assaf AR, Sarto GE, Schenken RS, Yasmeen S, Lessin L, Chlebowski RT (2006) Effects of conjugated equine estrogens on breast cancer and mammography screening in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. J Am Med Assoc 295(14):1647-1657
18. McTiernan A, Chlebowski RT, Martin C, Peck JD, Aragaki A, Pisano ED, Wang CY, Johnson KC, Manson JE, Wallace RB, Vitolins MZ, Heiss G (2009) Conjugated equine estrogen influence on mammographic density in postmenopausal women in a substudy of the women's health initiative randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.21.7166
19. McTiernan A, Martin CF, Peck JD, Aragaki AK, Chlebowski RT, Pisano ED, Wang CY, Brunner RL, Johnson KC, Manson JE, Lewis CE, Kotchen JM, Hulka BS (2005) Estrogen-plusprogestin use and mammographic density in postmenopausal women: women's health initiative randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 97(18):1366-1376 (Pubitemid 41487804)
20. Greendale GA, Reboussin BA, Slone S, Wasilauskas C, Pike MC, Ursin G (2003) Postmenopausal hormone therapy and change in mammographic density. J Natl Cancer Inst 95(1):30-37 (Pubitemid 36124293)
21. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group (1998) Design of the women's health initiative clinical trial and observational study. Control Clin Trials 19(1):61-109
22. Chlebowski RT, Anderson G, Manson JE, Pettinger M, Yasmeen S, Lane D, Langer RD, Hubbell FA, McTiernan A, Hendrix S, Schenken R, Stefanick ML (2010) Estrogen alone in postmenopausal women and breast cancer detection by means of mammography and breast biopsy. J Clin Oncol 28(16):2690-2697. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.24.8799
23. Curb JD, McTiernan A, Heckbert SR, Kooperberg C, Stanford J, Nevitt M, Johnson KC, Proulx-Burns L, Pastore L, Criqui M, Daugherty S (2003) Outcomes ascertainment and adjudication methods in the women's health initiative. Ann Epidemiol 13(9 Suppl):S122-S128 (Pubitemid 37324181)
24. Ganz PA, Day R, Ware JE Jr, Redmond C, Fisher B (1995) Baseline quality-of-life assessment in the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project breast cancer prevention trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 87(18):1372-1382
25. Greendale GA, Reboussin BA, Hogan P, Barnabei VM, Shumaker S, Johnson S, Barrett-Connor E (1998) Symptom relief and side effects of postmenopausal hormones: results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions trial. Obstet Gynecol 92(6):982-988 (Pubitemid 28536116)
26. Manson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, Stefanick ML, Mouton CP, Oberman A, Perri MG, Sheps DS, Pettinger MB, Siscovick DS (2002) Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J Med 347(10):716-725. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa021067347/10/716 (Pubitemid 35203902)
27. Meyer AM, Evenson KR, Morimoto L, Siscovick D, White E (2009) Test-retest reliability of the Women's Health Initiative physical activity questionnaire. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41(3): 530-538. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818ace55
28. Hsia J, Wu L, Allen C, Oberman A, Lawson WE, Torrens J, Safford M, Limacher MC, Howard BV (2005) Physical activity and diabetes risk in postmenopausal women. Am J Prev Med 28(1):19-25. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09. 012 (Pubitemid 40051321)
29. Prentice RL, Manson JE, Langer RD, Anderson GL, Pettinger M, Jackson RD, Johnson KC, Kuller LH, Lane DS, Wactawski- Wende J, Brzyski R, Allison M, Ockene J, Sarto G, Rossouw JE (2009) Benefits and risks of postmenopausal hormone therapy when it is initiated soon after menopause. Am J Epidemiol 170(1):12-23. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp115
30. Chlebowski RT, Anderson GL, Lane DS, Aragaki AK, Rohan T, Yasmeen S, Sarto G, Rosenberg CA, Hubbell FA (2007) Predicting risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women by hormone receptor status. J Natl Cancer Inst 99(22):1695-1705. doi:10.1093/jnci/djm224 (Pubitemid 351767220)
31. Costantino JP, Gail MH, Pee D, Anderson S, Redmond CK, Benichou J, Wieand HS (1999) Validation studies for models projecting the risk of invasive and total breast cancer incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 91(18):1541-1548 (Pubitemid 29457958)
32. Bungay GT, Vessey MP, McPherson CK (1980) Study of symptoms in middle life with special reference to the menopause. Br Med J 281(6234):181-183 (Pubitemid 10073425)
33. Davies EL, Gateley CA, Miers M, Mansel RE (1998) The longterm course of mastalgia. J Royal Soc Med 91(9):462-464
34. Dennerstein L, Dudley EC, Hopper JL, Guthrie JR, Burger HG (2000) A prospective population-based study of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 96(3):351-358
35. Jensen J, Christiansen C (1988) Effects of smoking on serum lipoproteins and bone mineral content during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 159(4): 820-825 (Pubitemid 18266596)
36. Cassidenti DL, Vijod AG, Vijod MA, Stanczyk FZ, Lobo RA (1990) Short-term effects of smoking on the pharmacokinetic profiles of micronized estradiol in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 163(6 Pt 1):1953-1960
37. Geisler J, Omsjo IH, Helle SI, Ekse D, Silsand T, Lonning PE (1999) Plasma oestrogen fractions in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy: influence of route of administration and cigarette smoking. J Endocrinol 162(2): 265-270 (Pubitemid 29369174)
38. Jensen J, Christiansen C, Rodbro P (1985) Cigarette smoking, serum estrogens, and bone loss during hormone-replacement therapy early after menopause. N Engl J Med 313(16):973-975 (Pubitemid 15250216)
39. McDivit AM, Greendale GA, Stanczyk FZ, Huang MH (2008) Effects of alcohol and cigarette smoking on change in serum estrone levels in postmenopausal women randomly assigned to fixed doses of conjugated equine estrogens with or without a progestin. Menopause 15(2):382-385. doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181407cb2 (Pubitemid 351355004)
40. Carranza-Lira S, Garduno-Hernandez MP, Caisapanta DA, Aparicio H (2005) Evaluation of mastodynia in postmenopausal women taking hormone therapy. Int J Gynecol Obstet 89(2): 158-159 (Pubitemid 40585623)
41. Ernster VL, Goodson WH III, Hunt TK, Petrakis NL, Sickles EA, Miike R (1985) Vitamin E and benign breast "disease": a doubleblind, randomized clinical trial. Surgery 97(4):490-494 (Pubitemid 15074405)
42. Girdler SS, O'Briant C, Steege J, Grewen K, Light KC (1999) A comparison of the effect of estrogen with or without progesterone on mood and physical symptoms in postmenopausal women. J Women's Health Gender Med 8(5):637-646 (Pubitemid 29414629)
43. McTiernan A, Tworoger SS, Ulrich CM, Yasui Y, Irwin ML, Rajan KB, Sorensen B, Rudolph RE, Bowen D, Stanczyk FZ, Potter JD, Schwartz RS (2004) Effect of exercise on serum estrogens in postmenopausal women: a 12-month randomized clinical trial. Cancer Res 64(8):2923-2928 (Pubitemid 38500634)
44. Meyer EC, Sommers DK, Reitz CJ, Mentis H (1990) Vitamin E and benign breast disease. Surgery 107(5):549-551 (Pubitemid 20156658)
45. Yasui T, Uemura H, Umino Y, Takikawa M, Saito S, Kuwahara A, Matsuzaki T, Maegawa M, Furumoto H, Miura M, Irahara M (2005) Serum estrogen level after hormone replacement therapy and body mass index in postmenopausal and bilaterally ovariectomized women. Maturitas 50(1):19-29. doi:10.1016/j. maturitas.2004.03.013 (Pubitemid 39601705)
46. American Cancer Society (2009) Breast cancer facts &figures 2009-2010. American Cancer Society, Atlanta
47. American Cancer Society (2010) Cancer facts & figures 2010. Atlanta, Georgia
48. Edlefsen KL, Jackson RD, Prentice RL, Janssen I, Rajkovic A, O'Sullivan MJ, Anderson G (2010) The effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy on serum estrogen, progesterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in healthy postmenopausal women. Menopause 17(3):622-629. doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181cb49e9
49. LaCroix AZ, Chlebowski RT, Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Johnson KC, Martin L, Margolis KL, Stefanick ML, Brzyski R, Curb JD, Howard BV, Lewis CE, Wactawski-Wende J (2011) Health outcomes after stopping conjugated equine estrogens among postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 305(13):1305-1314. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.382