Modeling and simulation of GPR wave propagation through wet snowpacks: Testing the sensitivity of a method for snow water equivalent estimation

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Volumn 74-75, Issue , 2012, Pages 11-20

  Sundström, Nils ^a   Kruglyak, Andrey ^a   Friborg, Johan ^b  

^a LULEÅ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b Malå GeoScience AB ^*  (Sweden)

Author keywords

Common mid point method; Ground penetrating radar; Liquid water content; MATLAB simulations; Snow water equivalent; Wet snow

Indexed keywords

COMMON MID-POINT METHOD; GROUND PENETRATING RADAR; LIQUID WATER CONTENT; MATLAB SIMULATIONS; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; WET SNOW;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS; GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SYSTEMS; LIQUIDS; RADAR; SNOW; SNOW MELTING SYSTEMS; STATISTICS; TRAVEL TIME;

RADAR MEASUREMENT;

GROUND PENETRATING RADAR; HYDROLOGICAL MODELING; NUMERICAL MODEL; RUNOFF; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; SNOWPACK; TRAVEL TIME; WATER CONTENT; WAVE PROPAGATION;

EID: 84857912531     PISSN: 0165232X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.01.006     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Andersen T., Lundteigen Fossdal M., Killingtveit Å., Sand K. The snow radar: A new device for areal snow depth measurements. Proceedings of Workshop on Hydropower in Cold Climates, Trondheim 1987, 1-14.
2. Arheimer B., Lindström G., Pers C., Rosberg J., Strömqvist J. Development and test of a new Swedish water quality model for small-scale and large-scale applications. XXV Nordic Hydrological Conference, Reykjavik, August 11-13, 2008 2008, 50:483-492. (NHP Report).
3. Bradford J.H., Harper J.T. Measuring complex dielectric permittivity from GPR to estimate liquid water content in snow. SEG International Exposition and 76th Annual Meeting 2006, 3:1590-1594.
4. Bradford J.H., Harper J.T., Brown J. Complex dielectric permittivity measured from ground-penetrating radar data to estimate snow liquid water content in the pendular regime. Water Resources 2009, 45:1-12.
5. Cai J., McMechan G.A. Ray-based synthesis of bistatic ground-penetrating radar profiles. Geophysics 1995, 60:87-91.
6. Frolov A.D., Macheret Y.Y. On dielectric properties of dry and wet snow. Hydrological Processes 1999, 13:1755-1760.
7. Granlund, N., 2009. Estimation of Snow Wetness Using Multi-Offset Ground Penetrating Radar: Towards More Accurate Estimates of Snow Water Equivalent. Licentiate thesis. Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
8. Granlund N., Lundberg A., Gustafsson D. Laboratory study of salinity influence on the relationship between electrical conductivity and wetness of snow. Hydrological Processes 2010, 24:1981-1984.
9. Irving J., Knight R. Numerical modeling of ground-penetrating radar in 2-D using MATLAB. Computers and Geosciences 2006, 32:1247-1258.
10. Kolberg S., Gottschalk L. Updating of snow depletion curve with remote sensing data. Hydrological Processes 2006, 20:2363-2380.
11. Looyenga H. Dielectric constants of heterogenous mixture. Physica 1965, 31:401-406.
12. Lundberg A., Thunehed H. Snow wetness influence on impulse radar snow surveys - theoretical and laboratory study. Nordic Hydrology 2000, 31:89-106.
13. Lundberg A., Granlund N., Gustafsson D. Towards automated 'ground truth' snow measurements - a review of operational and new measurement methods for Sweden, Norway, and Finland. Hydrological Processes 2010, 24:1955-1970.
14. Powers M., Olhoeft G. Modeling dispersive ground-penetrating radar data. Proc. of the 5th Intl. Conf. on Ground-Penetrating Radar, Waterloo, Ontario 1994, 173-183.
15. Reitz J.R., Milford F.J., Christy R.W. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory 1993, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc., USA. 4 ed.
16. Sand K., Bruland O. Application of georadar for snow cover surveying. Nordic Hydrology 1998, 29:361-370.
17. Singh P., Singh V. Snow and Glacier Hydrology 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
18. Spikes V.B., Hamilton G.S., Arcone S.A., Kaspari S., Mayewski P.A. Variability in accumulation rates from GPR profiling on the West Antarctic Plateau. Annals of Glaciology 2004, 39:1-21.
19. Taurisano A., Schuler T.V., Hagen J.O., Eiken T., Loe E. The distribution of snow accumulation across the Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard: direct measurements and modelling. Polar Research 2007, 26:7-13.
20. Udnæs H.C., Alfnes E., Andreassen L.M. Improving runoff modelling using satellite-derived snow covered area?. Nordic Hydrology 2007, 38:21-32.