Metastases to the thyroid: A review of the literature from the last decade

Thyroid

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 258-268

  Chung, Alice Y ^a   Tran, Thuy B ^a   Brumund, Kevin T ^a   Weisman, Robert A ^a   Bouvet, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPIRATION BIOPSY; BREAST CARCINOMA; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER RECURRENCE; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; COMORBIDITY; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; LUNG CARCINOMA; MEDICAL HISTORY; METASTASIS; PRIMARY TUMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SARCOMA; SEX RATIO; THYROID CANCER; THYROID NODULE;

BIOPSY, FINE-NEEDLE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; THYROID NEOPLASMS; THYROID NODULE;

EID: 84857831085     PISSN: 10507256     EISSN: 15579077     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/thy.2010.0154     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. Willis RA 1931 Metastatic tumours in the thyroid gland. Am J Pathol 7:187-208.
2. Wychulis AR, Beahrs OH, Woolner LB 1964 Metastasis of carcinoma to the thyroid gland. Ann Surg 160:169-177.
3. Nakhjavani MK, Gharib H, Goellner JR, van Heerden JA 1997 Metastasis to the thyroid gland. A report of 43 cases. Cancer 79:574-578.
4. McCabe DP, Farrar WB, Petkov TM, Finkelmeier W, O'Dwyer P, James A 1985 Clinical and pathologic correlations in disease metastatic to the thyroid gland. Am J Surg 150:519-523.
5. Chen H, Nicol TL, Udelsman R 1999 Clinically significant, isolated metastatic disease to the thyroid gland. World J Surg 23:177-180; discussion 181.
6. Czech JM, Lichtor TR, Carney JA, van Heerden JA 1982 Neoplasms metastatic to the thyroid gland. Surg Gynecol Obstet 155:503-505.
7. Calzolari F, Sartori PV, Talarico C, Parmeggiani D, Beretta E, Pezzullo L, Bovo G, Sperlongano P,Monacelli M, Lucchini R, Misso C, Gurrado A, D'Ajello M, Uggeri F, Puxeddu E, Nasi P, Testini M, Rosato L, Barbarisio A, Avenia N 2008 Surgical treatment of intrathyroid metastases: Preliminary results of a multicentric study. Anticancer Res 28:2885-2888.
8. Cichon S, Anielski R, Konturek A, Barczynski M, Cichon W 2006 Metastases to the thyroid gland: Seventeen cases operated on in a single clinical center. Langenbecks Arch Surg 391:581-587.
9. Mirallie E, Rigaud J, Mathonnet M, Gibelin H, Regenet N, Hamy A, Bretagnol F, de Calan L, Le Neel JC, Kraimps JL 2005 Management and prognosis of metastases to the thyroid gland. J Am Coll Surg 200:203-207.
10. Papi G, Fadda G, Corsello SM, Corrado S, Rossi ED, Radighieri E, Miraglia A, Carani C, Pontecorvi A 2007 Metastases to the thyroid gland: Prevalence, clinicopathological aspects and prognosis: A 10-year experience. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 66:565-571.
11. Wood K, Vini L, Harmer C 2004 Metastases to the thyroid gland: The Royal Marsden experience. Eur J Surg Oncol 30:583-588.
12. Kumamoto K, Utsumi Y, Sugano K, Hoshino M, Suzuki S, Takenoshita S 2006 Colon carcinoma metastasis to the thyroid gland: Report of a case with a review of the literature. Tumori 92:252-256.
13. Shimaoka K, Sokal JE, Pickren JW 1962 Metastatic neoplasms in the thyroid gland. Pathological and clinical findings. Cancer 15:557-565.
14. Kameyama K, Kamio N, Okita H, Hata J 2000 Metastatic carcinoma in follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland. Pathol Res Pract 196:333-336; discussion 337-338.
15. Peteiro A, Duarte AM, Honavar M 2005 Breast carcinoma metastatic to follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland. Histopathology 46:587-588.
16. Cheung AY, Donner L, Capen C 2000 Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix to the thyroid gland. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 12:60-61.
17. Heffess CS, Wenig BM, Thompson LD 2002 Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid gland: A clinicopathologic study of 36 cases. Cancer 95:1869-1878.
18. Iesalnieks I, Winter H, Bareck E, Sotiropoulos GC, Goretzki PE, Klinkhammer-Schalke M, Brockner S, Trupka A, Anthuber M, Rupprecht H, Raab M, Meyer W, Reichmann F, Kastel M, Mayr M, Braun W, Schlitt HJ, Agha A 2008 Thyroid metastases of renal cell carcinoma: Clinical course in 45 patients undergoing surgery. Assessment of factors affecting patients' survival. Thyroid 18:615-624.
19. Chung SY, Kim EK, Kim JH, Oh KK, Kim DJ, Lee YH, An HJ, Kim JS 2001 Sonographic findings of metastatic disease to the thyroid. Yonsei Med J 42:411-417.
20. Mattavelli F, Collini P, Pizzi N, Gervasoni C, Pennacchioli E, Mazzaferro V 2008 Thyroid as a target of metastases. A case of foregut neuroendocrine carcinoma with multiple abdominal metastases and a thyroid localization after 21 years. Tumori 94:110-113.
21. Brandwein-Gensler M, Urken M, Wang B 2004 Collision tumor of the thyroid: A case report of metastatic liposarcoma plus papillary thyroid carcinoma. Head Neck 26:637-641.
22. Bandyopadhyay SK, Bandyopadhyay R, Dutta A 2006 Isolated massive thyroid metastasis in lung cancer. Singapore Med J 47:324-326.
23. De Ridder M, Sermeus AB, Van de Steene J, Storme GA 2001 Two unusual sites of colon cancer metastases and a rare thyroid lymphoma. Case 1. Metastatic colon cancer to a multinodular goiter. J Clin Oncol 19:3572-3574.
24. Fadare O, Parkash V, Fiedler PN, Mayerson AB, Asiyanbola B 2005 Tumor-to-tumor metastasis to a thyroid follicular adenoma as the initial presentation of a colonic adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 55:574-579.
25. Pitale SU, Sizemore GW, Bakhos R, DeJong SA, Flanigan RC, Emanuele NV 2000 Renal cell carcinoma with metastasis to the thyroid gland. Urol Oncol 5:173-175.
26. Selimoglu H, Duran C, Saraydaroglu O, Guclu M, Kiyici S, Ersoy C, Eren MA, Tuncel E, Imamoglu S 2007 Prostate cancer metastasis to thyroid gland. Tumori 93:292-295.
27. Hanna WC, Ponsky TA, Trachiotis GD, Knoll SM 2006 Colon cancer metastatic to the lung and the thyroid gland. Arch Surg 141:93-96.
28. Dionigi G, Uccella S, Gandolfo M, Lai A, Bertocchi V, Rovera F, Tanda ML 2008 Solitary intrathyroidal metastasis of renal clear cell carcinoma in a toxic substernal multinodular goiter. Thyroid Res 1:6.
29. Terzi A, Altundag K, Saglam A, Gurlek A, Aksoy S, Baltali E, Uner AH 2004 Isolated metastasis of malignant melanoma into follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland. J Endocrinol Invest 27:967-968.
30. Bashir H, Nawaz MK, Shah MA, Ahmad E 2002 Pleomorphic liposarcoma metastatic to the thyroid gland. Clin Nucl Med 27:9-10.
31. Hasan R, Marshall MC Jr, Medhi M, Arshad A, Braun A, Panageas E 2001 Meningioma metastatic to thyroid gland. Endocr Pract 7:370-374.
32. Kung B, Aftab S, Wood M, Rosen D 2009 Malignant melanoma metastatic to the thyroid gland: A case report and review of the literature. Ear Nose Throat J 88:E7.
33. Giuffrida D, Ferrau F, Pappalardo A, Aiello RA, Bordonaro R, Cordio S, Giorgio CG, Squatrito S 2003 Metastasis to the thyroid gland: A case report and review of the literature. J Endocrinol Invest 26:560-563.
34. Leath CA 3rd, Huh WK, Straughn JM Jr, Conner MG 2002 Uterine leiomyosarcoma metastatic to the thyroid. Obstet Gynecol 100:1122-1124.
35. Miyakawa M, Sato K, Hasegawa M, Nagai A, Sawada T, Tsushima T, Takano K 2001 Severe thyrotoxicosis induced by thyroid metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. Thyroid 11:883-888.
36. Soyuer I, Soyuer S, Canoz O, Coskun S, Balkanli S 2004 Educational case report-self-assessment. Three patients with unusual metastases. Cytopathology 15:2, 58-62.
37. Bayram F, Soyuer I, Atmaca H, Demirci D, Gokce C, Canoz O, Unluhizarci K, Kelestimur F 2004 Prostatic adenocarcinoma metastasis in the thyroid gland. Endocr J 51: 445-448.
38. Eloy JA, Mortensen M, Gupta S, Lewis MS, Brett EM, Genden EM 2007 Metastasis of uterine leiomyosarcoma to the thyroid gland: Case report and review of the literature. Thyroid 17:1295-1297.
39. Kim TY, Kim WB, Gong G, Hong SJ, Shong YK 2005 Metastasis to the thyroid diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 62:236-241.
40. Lee MW, Batoroev YK, Odashiro AN, Nguyen GK 2007 Solitary metastatic cancer to the thyroid: A report of five cases with fine-needle aspiration cytology. CytoJournal 4:5.
41. Qian L, Pucci R, Castro CY, Eltorky MA 2004 Renal cell carcinoma metastatic to Hurthle cell adenoma of thyroid. Ann Diagn Pathol 8:305-308.
42. Haraguchi S, Hioki M, Yamashita K, Orii K, Matsumoto K, Shimizu K 2004 Metastasis to the thyroid from lung adenocarcinoma mimicking thyroid carcinoma. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 52:353-356.
43. Sharma UK, Rauniyar RK, Adhikary S, Sinha A 2008 Intrathyroid metastasis presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule: An unusual case of clinically silent lung cancer. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 6:109-111.
44. Singh R, Lehl SS, Sachdev A, Handa U, D'Cruz S, Bhalla A 2003 Metastasis to thyroid from lung carcinoma. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 45:203-204.
45. Yamada H, Hasegawa Y, Mitsudomi T, Nakashima T, Yatabe Y 2007 Neuroendocrine tumor metastasis to the thyroid gland. Int J Clin Oncol 12:63-67.
46. Fujita T, Ogasawara Y, Doihara H, Shimizu N 2004 Rectal adenocarcinoma metastatic to the thyroid gland. Int J Clin Oncol 9:515-519.
47. Desai SR, Angarkar NN, Patil NJ, Dombale VD, Kulkarni SR 2007 Primary malignant melanoma of left buccal mucosa with metastasis in thyroid: A case report. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 50:385-387.
48. Maly A, Meir K, Maly B 2006 Isolated carcinoid tumor metastatic to the thyroid gland: Report of a case initially diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytol 50:84-87.
49. Kim TY, Kim WB, Ryu JS, Gong G, Hong SJ, Shong YK 2005 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in thyroid from positron emission tomogram (PET) for evaluation in cancer patients: High prevalence of malignancy in thyroid PET incidentaloma. Laryngoscope 115:1074-1078.
50. Bult P, Verwiel JM, Wobbes T, Kooy-Smits MM, Biert J, Holland R 2000 Malignant adenomyoepithelioma of the breast with metastasis in the thyroid gland 12 years after excision of the primary tumor. Case report and review of the literature. Virchows Arch 436:158-166.
51. Giannikaki E, Mantadakis E, Mamalaki E, Delides G, Samonis G 2006 Metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma coexisting with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Int J Gynecol Cancer 16:442-445.
52. Giorgadze T, Ward RM, Baloch ZW, LiVolsi VA 2002 Phyllodes tumor metastatic to thyroid Hurthle cell adenoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 126:1233-1236.
53. Saber A, Ramzy S, Gouda I 2007 Metastasis to the thyroid gland; unusual site of metastasis. Gulf J Oncolog 1:51-57.
54. Azar AR, Weynand B, Daumerie C, Coche E 2003 Metastatic liposarcoma of the thyroid gland. Br J Radiol 76:750-752.
55. Iesalnieks I, Trupka A, Raab M, Glockzin G, Woenckhaus M, Schlitt HJ, Agha A 2007 Renal cell carcinoma metastases to the thyroid gland-8 cases reported. Thyroid 17:49-52.
56. Ishay A, Dharan M, Luboshitzky R 2007 Metastasis of rectal adenocarcinoma: An unusual cause of rapidly enlarging thyroid mass with myxedema. Thyroid 17:279-280.
57. Pickhardt PJ, Pickard RH 2003 Sonography of delayed thyroid metastasis from renal cell carcinoma with jugular vein extension. AJR 181:272-274.
58. Quaglino F, Beccaris M, Iacopini S, Mazza E, Suriani A, Palladin D, Valli M 2009 Solitary thyroid metastasis of clear cell renal carcinoma: Case report. Tumori 95:367-370.
59. Uzel C, Coskun H, Terzioglu T, Aras N 2003 Thyroid metastasis from renal cell carcinoma eight years after radical nephrectomy: A case report. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg 11:152-156.
60. Wada N, Hirakawa S, Rino Y, Hasuo K, Kawachi K, Nakatani Y, Inui K, Takanashi Y 2005 Solitary metachronous metastasis to the thyroid from renal clear cell carcinoma 19 years after nephrectomy: Report of a case. Surg Today 35:483-487.
61. Seki H, Ueda T, Shibata Y, Sato Y, Yagihashi N 2001 Solitary thyroid metastasis of renal clear cell carcinoma: Report of a case. Surg Today 31:225-229.
62. Ryska A, Cap J 2003 Tumor-to-tumor metastasis of renal cell carcinoma into oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid: Report of a case and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 199:101-106.
63. Kihara M, Yokomise H, Yamauchi A 2004 Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid gland 19 years after nephrectomy: A case report. Auris Nasus Larynx 31:95-100.
64. RizzoM, Rossi RT, Bonaffini O, Scisca C, Sindoni A, Altavilla G, Benvenga S 2009 Thyroid metastasis of clear cell renal carcinoma: Report of a case. Diagn Cytopathol 37:759-762.
65. Testini M, Lissidini G, Gurrado A, Lastilla G, Ianora AS, Fiorella R 2008 Acute airway failure secondary to thyroid metastasis from renal carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 6:14.
66. Hacker U, Lenz G, Brehm G, Muller-Hocker J, Schalhorn A, Hiddemann W 2003 Metastasis of a rectal adenocarcinoma to the thyroid gland: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Anticancer Res 23:4973-4976.
67. Cavanna L, Anselmi E, Palladino M, Pagani R 2006 Colon carcinoma metastasis to the thyroid gland. Tumori 92:467.
68. Cheung WY, Brierley J, Mackay HJ 2008 Treatment of rectal cancer metastases to the thyroid gland: Report of two cases. Clin Colorectal Cancer 7:280-282.
69. Li B, Tang Y, Xiao D, Zhong M 2010 Coexistence of thyroid metastasis carcinoma in the background of HT and primary thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue B cell lymphoma in a thyroid gland. Ann Hematol 89:1053-1056.
70. Lievre A, Leboulleux S, Boige V, Travagli JP, Dromain C, Elias D, Ducreux M, Malka D 2006 Thyroid metastases from colorectal cancer: The Institut Gustave Roussy experience. Eur J Cancer 42:1756-1759.
71. Phillips JS, Lishman S, Jani P 2005 Colonic carcinoma metastasis to the thyroid: A case of skip metastasis. J Laryngol Otol 119:834-836.
72. Piazza C, Bolzoni A, Peretti G, Antonelli AR 2004 Thyroid metastasis from rectal adenocarcinoma involving the airway treated by crico-tracheal resection and anastomosis: The role of palliative surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 261:469-472.
73. Marioni G, De Filippis C, Ottaviano G, Lorusso M, Staffieri C, Bernini G, Blandamura S 2006 Laryngeal metastasis from sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma followed by peristomal recurrence. Acta Otolaryngol 126:661-663.
74. Bozbora A, Barbaros U, Kaya H, Erbil Y, Kapran Y, Ozbey N, Ozarmagan S 2005 Thyroid metastasis of malignant melanoma. Am J Clin Oncol 28:642-643.
75. Miiji LO, Nguyen GK 2005 Metastatic melanoma of the thyroid mimicking a papillary carcinoma in fine-needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol 32:374-376.
76. Osawa M, Takigawa N, Kiura K, Ichimura K, Matsuoka J, Hotta K, Tabata M, Tanimoto M 2007 Isolated metastasis of lung cancer to the thyroid gland. Lung Cancer 58: 156-158.
77. Gong Y, Jalali M, Staerkel G 2005 Fine needle aspiration cytology of a thyroid metastasis of metaplastic breast carcinoma: A case report. Acta Cytol 49:327-330.
78. Molina Garrido MJ, Guillen Ponce C, Macia Escalante S, Martinez YSC, Carrato Mena A 2006 Dysphagia and dysphonia in a woman with a previous breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 8:533-535.
79. Owens CL, Basaria S, Nicol TL 2005 Metastatic breast carcinoma involving the thyroid gland diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: A case report. Diagn Cytopathol 33:110-115.
80. Lo CY, Lam KY 2002 Destructive thyroiditis secondary to a metastasis. Thyroid 12:1029.
81. Duggal NM, Horattas MC 2008 Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid gland. Endocr Pract 14:1040-1046.
82. Filosso PL, Arslanian A, Palestini N, Farnetti A, Papotti M, Bongiovanni M, Giobbe R, Ruffini E 2004 Thyroid metastasis after resection of atypical bronchial carcinoid. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 127:1840-1843.
83. Ok E, Sozuer E 2000 Thyroid metastasis from gastric carcinoma: Report of a case. Surg Today 30:1005-1007.
84. Bhalla R, Popp A, Nassar A 2007 Case report: Metastatic renal carcinoid to the thyroid diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol 35:597-600.
85. Masuda T, Fukuya T, Ono M, Mitsuyama S, Toyoshima S 2001 Thyroid metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma as an initial presentation: A case report. Radiat Med 19:43-46.
86. Hsiao PJ, Tsai KB, Lai FJ, Yeh KT, Shin SJ, Tsai JH 2000 Thyroid metastasis from intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma of the pancreas. A case report. Acta Cytol 44: 1066-1072.
87. Kim AY, Park SB, Choi HS, Hwang JC 2007 Isolated thyroid metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. J Ultrasound Med 26:1799-1802.
88. Akimaru K, Onda M, Tajiri T, Shimanuki K, Iwama H, Furukawa K, Sugiyama Y 2002 Colonic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the thyroid: Report of a case. Surg Today 32:151-154.
89. Cherk MH, Moore M, Serpell J, Swain S, Topliss DJ 2008 Metastatic colorectal cancer to a primary thyroid cancer. World J Surg Oncol 6:122.
90. Iguchi T, Matsuoka J, Sato S, Okumura Y, Omori M, Mifune H, Akaki S, Kanazawa S 2007 F-18 FDG PET demonstration of a thyroid metastasis in a patient with colon cancer. Clin Nucl Med 32:361-362.
91. Mattavelli F, Collini P, Gervasoni C, Pizzi N, Pallotti F, Pastorino U 2006 Double, metachronous thyroid metastases of colon cancer. Tumori 92:249-251.
92. Rossi S, Fiorentini G, Porcu G, Dentico P, Giustarini G, Bernardeschi P 2003 Thyroid metastases from colon cancer case report in a long term survivor. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 22:243-245.
93. Khandwala HM, Chibbar R 2004 An unusual cause of goitre and hypothyroidism. CMAJ 171:329.
94. Loo CK, Burchett IJ 2003 Fine needle aspiration biopsy of neuroendocrine breast carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid. A case report. Acta Cytol 47:83-87.
95. Deng XR, Wang G, Kuang CJ, Peng GZ, Chen RS 2005 Metastasis of leiomyosarcoma to the thyroid. Chin Med J (Engl) 118:174-176.
96. Basu S, Alavi A 2007 Metastatic malignant melanoma to the thyroid gland detected by FDG-PET imaging. Clin Nucl Med 32:388-389.
97. Skarf LM, Dezube BJ, Bryan B, Berkenblit A 2006 Ovarian carcinoma with thyroid metastases causing clinical hypothyroidism: A case report. Gynecol Oncol 102:394-396.
98. Mete O, Ozbey N, Erbil Y, Salmasloglu A, Aral F, Temel B, Dizdaroglu F 2007 Thyroid metastasis of endometrial carcinosarcoma associated with Graves' disease. Gynecol Endocrinol 23:562-566.
99. Bae WK, Shim HJ, Choi YD, Kim JW, Cho SH, Kang HC, Chung IJ 2009 Severe hypothyroidism induced by thyroid metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 41: 56-58.
100. Stoll L, Mudali S, Ali SZ 2010 Merkel cell carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid gland: Aspiration findings and differential diagnosis. Diagn Cytopathol 38:754-757.
101. Gerges AS, Shehata SR, Gouda IA 2006 Metastasis to the thyroid gland; unusual site of metastasis. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 18:67-72.
102. Liang HH, Wu CH, Tam KW, Chai CY, Lin SE, Chen SC 2007 Thyroid metastasis in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma: Case report and review of literature. World J Surg Oncol 5:144.
103. Jankowska P, Teoh EM, Fisher C, Rhys Evans P, Nutting CM, Harrington KJ 2008 Case report. Isolated intrathyroid metastasis from undifferentiated and squamous carcinoma of the head and neck: The case for surgery and re-irradiation. Br J Radiol 81:e154-e161.
104. Mattavelli F, Collini P, Pizzi N, Nicolai N, Pennacchioli E 2009 Thyroid as a target of metastases: A case of metastatic seminoma in a patient who died of a second cancer. Tumori 95:91-93.
105. From G, Mellemgaard A, Knudsen N, Jorgensen T, Perrild H 2000 Review of thyroid cancer cases among patients with previous benign thyroid disorders. Thyroid 10:697-700.
106. Koutkia P, Safran H, Kahn C 2001 Metastatic carcinoma mimicking primary thyroid cancer. Med Health R I 84:204-206.
107. Fiorentini G, Rossi S, Porcu G, Dentico P, Turrisi G, D'Alessandro M, Bernardeschi P 2006 Thyroid metastases from colorectal cancer: No longer a rare entity. Tumori 92:465-466.
108. Brener ZZ, Zhuravenko I, Jacob CE, Bergman M 2007 An unusual presentation of renal cell carcinoma with late metastases to the small intestine, thyroid gland, nose and skull base. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22:930-932.
109. La Rosa S, Imperatori A, Giovanella L, Garancini S, Capella C 2009 Thyroid metastases from typical carcinoid of the lung differentiating between medullary thyroid carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor metastasis to the thyroid. Thyroid 19:521-526.
110. Ihn MH, Kim YJ, Kim JJ, Cho JY, Jin SY 2009 A case of thyroid metastasis originating from early gastric cancer. J Korean Med Sci 24:1230-1233.
111. Papi G, Corrado S, Scaltriti L, Carapezzi C, Ezzat S 2005 Metastasis of urothelial sarcomatoid carcinoma to a toxic multinodular goiter. Endocr Pathol 16:153-156.
112. Poon D, Toh HC, Sim CS 2004 Two case reports of metastases from colon carcinoma to the thyroid. Ann Acad Med Singapore 33:100-102.
113. Kilfoy BA, Zheng T, Holford TR, Han X, Ward MH, Sjodin A, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Zhu C, Guo GL, Rothman N 2009 International patterns and trends in thyroid cancer incidence, 1973-2002. Cancer Causes Control 20:525-531.
114. Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F (eds.): World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bons, IARC Press: Lyon, 2002.
115. Machens A, Dralle H 2010 Outcome after thyroid surgery for metastasis from renal cell cancer. Surgery 147:65-71.
116. De Ridder M, Sermeus AB, Urbain D, Storme GA 2003 Metastases to the thyroid gland-a report of six cases. Eur J Intern Med 14:377-379.
117. El Fakih RO, Delgado FA, Harstine LR 2009 Marked thyroid enlargement secondary to renal cell carcinoma metastasis with acute respiratory failure. Thyroid 19:917-918.
118. Mijovic T, Rochon L, Gologan O, Hier MP, Black MJ, Young J, Payne RJ 2009 Fine-needle aspiration biopsies in the management of indeterminate follicular and Hurthle cell thyroid lesions. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 140:715-719.
119. Linton RR, Barney JD, et al. 1946 Metastatic hypernephroma of the thyroid gland. Surg Gynecol Obstet 83:493-498.
120. Eriksson M, Ajmani SK, Mallette LE 1977 Hyperthyroidism from thyroid metastasis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. JAMA 238:1276-1278.
121. Davies L, Welch HG 2006 Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973-2002. JAMA 295:2164-2167.
122. Enewold L, Zhu K, Ron E, Marrogi AJ, Stojadinovic A, Peoples GE, Devesa SS 2009 Rising thyroid cancer incidence in the United States by demographic and tumor characteristics, 1980-2005. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:784-791.
123. Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Ward MH, Sabra MM, Devesa SS 2011 Thyroid cancer incidence patterns in the United States by histologic type, 1992-2006. Thyroid 21:125-134.
124. Schwender FT, Wollner I, Kunju LP, Nakhleh RE, Chan KM 2002 Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa with metastases to the pericardial cavity, lung and thyroid. Oral Oncol 38:114-116.
125. Ivy HK 1984 Cancer metastatic to the thyroid: A diagnostic problem. Mayo Clin Proc 59:856-859.
126. Storm HH 1994 Cancers of the soft tissues. Cancer Surv 19-20:197-217.
127. Toro JR, Travis LB, Wu HJ, Zhu K, Fletcher CD, Devesa SS 2006 Incidence patterns of soft tissue sarcomas, regardless of primary site, in the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program, 1978-2001: An analysis of 26,758 cases. Int J Cancer 119:2922-2930.
128. Beahrs OH, Ginsberg RL, Miller GE 1953 Metastatic hypernephroma of the thyroid gland. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 28:205-216.
129. Bajaj Y, De M, Thompson A 2006 Fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis and management of thyroid disease. J Laryngol Otol 120:467-469.
130. Papi G, Corrado S, Carani C, Asa SL 2005 Metastasis of a caecal neuroendocrine carcinoma to the thyroid gland. J Clin Pathol 58:1342-1343.
131. Peparini N, Di Matteo FM, Maturo A, Marzullo A, Campana FP 2008 Unusual metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor misdiagnosed as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Int J Surg 6:415-417.