A randomized controlled comparison of seclusion and mechanical restraint in inpatient settings

Psychiatric Services

Volumn 62, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 1310-1317

  Bergk, Jan ^a   Einsiedler, Beate ^a   Flammer, Erich ^a   Steinert, Tilman ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ADVERSE OUTCOME; AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PHYSICAL RESTRAINT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER; SECLUSION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84857823103     PISSN: 10752730     EISSN: 15579700     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/ps.62.11.pss6211_1310     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Mayoral F, Torres F: Use of coercive measures in psychiatry [in Spanish]. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría 33:331-338, 2005 (Pubitemid 41261294)
2. Fisher WA: Restraint and seclusion: a review of the literature. American Journal of Psychiatry 151:1585-1591, 1994
3. Kallert TW, Glöckner M, Onchev G: The EUNOMIA project on coercion in psychiatry: study design and preliminary data. World Psychiatry 4:168-172, 2005
4. Steinert T, Martin V, Baur M: Diagnosis-related frequency of compulsory measures in German psychiatric hospitals and correlates with hospital characteristics. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 42: 140-145, 2007
5. Sailas E, Fenton M: Seclusion and restraint for people with serious mental illnesses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1: CD001163, 2000
6. Appelbaum PS: Seclusion and restraint: Congress reacts to reports of abuse. Psychiatric Services 50:881-885, 1999
7. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE): Violence: The Short- Term Management of Disturbed/Violent Behaviour in In-Patient Psychiatric Settings and Emergency Departments. London, Royal College of Nursing, 2005. Available at www. nice.org.uk/CG25
8. German Association for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (DGPPN): S2 Guidelines in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, vol 2: Therapeutic Interventions for Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy [in German]. Edited by Gaebel W, Falkai P. Heidelberg, Germany, Steinkopff Verlag, 2010. Available at www.awmf.org
9. CPT European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT): CPT standards ("Substantive" sections of the CPT's General Reports), revised 2010. Available at www.cpt.coe.int/en/docsstandards.htm
10. Council of Europe Steering Committee on Bioethics Working Party: White Paper on the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of People Suffering From Mental Disorder, Especially Those Placed as Involuntary Patients in Psychiatric Establishments. Strasbourg, 2000. Available at https://wcd.coe.int
11. WHO Resource Book on Mental Health, Human Rights and Legislation: Stop Exclusion, Dare to Care. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005. Available at who.int/men tal-health/policy/resource-book-MHLeg.pdf
12. American Psychiatric Association, Work Group on Schizophrenia: Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia, 2nd ed, 2004. Available at www.psychiatryonline.com/content.aspx?a id=109116
13. Curie CG: SAMHSA's commitment to eliminating the use of seclusion and restraint. Psychiatric Services 56:1139-1140, 2005
14. Huckshorn KA: Re-designing state mental health policy to prevent the use of seclusion and restraint. Administration and Policy in Mental Health 33:482-491, 2006
15. Marder SR: A review of agitation in mental illness: treatment guidelines and current therapies. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 67: 13-21, 2006
16. Steinert T, Lepping P, Bernhardsgrütter R, et al: Incidence of seclusion and restraint in psychiatric hospitals: a literature review and survey of international trends. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 45:889-897, 2010
17. Steinert T, Lepping P: Legal provisions and practice in the management of violent patients: a case vignette study in 16 European countries. European Psychiatry 24:135-141, 2009
18. Sailas E, Wahlbeck K: Restraint and seclusion in psychiatric inpatient wards. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 18:555-559, 2005 (Pubitemid 41187063)
19. Bergk J, Einsiedler B, Steinert T: Feasibility of randomized controlled trials on seclusion and mechanical restraint. Clinical Trials 5: 356-363, 2008
20. Schmoor C, Olschewski M, Schumacher M: Randomized and non-randomized patients in clinical trials: experiences with comprehensive cohort studies. Statistics in Medicine 15:263-271, 1996 (Pubitemid 26020344)
21. Campbell M, Wileman S, Grant A, et al: The partially-randomised patient-preference design: lessons from the reflux trial. Clinical Trials 3:203-204, 2006
22. Schmidt TA, Salo D, Hughes JA: Confronting the ethical challenge to informed consent in emergency medicine research. Academic Emergency Medicine 11:1082-1089, 2004 (Pubitemid 39244005)
23. Bush AB, Shore MF: Seclusion and restraint; a review of recent literature. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 8:261-270, 2000
24. Abderhalden C, Hahn S, Bonner YDB, et al: Users' Perceptions and Views on Violence and Coercion in Mental Health; in Violence in Mental Health Settings: Causes, Consequences, Management. Edited by Richter D, Whittington R. New York, Springer, 2006
25. Bergk J, Flammer E, Steinert T: Coercion Experience Scale (CES) : validation of a questionnaire on coercive measures. BMC Psychiatry 10:5, 2010
26. Kay SR, Opler LA, Fiszbein A: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Rating Manual. San Rafael, Calif, Social and Behavioral Sciences Documents, 1987
27. Frueh BC, Knapp RG, Cusack KJ: Patients' reports of traumatic or harmful experiences within the psychiatric setting. Psychiatric Services 56:1123-1133, 2005 (Pubitemid 41266842)
28. Basoglu M, Livanou M, Crnobaric C: Torture vs other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment: is the distinction real or apparent? Archives of General Psychiatry 64:277-285, 2007 (Pubitemid 46376779)
29. Bergk J, Flammer E, Steinert T: Ratings of coercive interventions by inpatients and staff in Germany. Psychiatric Services 60:1401, 2009
30. Whittington R, Bowers L, Nolan P: Approval ratings of inpatient coercive interventions in a national sample of mental health service users and staff in England. Psychiatric Services 60:792-798, 2009