The campus and the street: Race, migration, and the origins of the black panther party in oakland, CA

Souls

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 333-345

  Murch, Donna ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Black Panther Party; Black studies; Migration; Oakland

Indexed keywords

EID: 84857800825     PISSN: 10999949     EISSN: 15483843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10999940701703794     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Huey Newton, Revolutionary Suicide (New York: Writers and Readers Publishing, Inc., 1973), p. 14.
2. Harry Haywood, Negro Liberation (Chicago: Liberator Press, 1976), p. 11.
3. Manning Marable, “Foreword” in Rod Bush’s The New Black Vote: Politics and Power in Four American Cities (San Francisco: Synthesis Publications, 1984), p. 3;
4. Nicolas Lemann, The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America (New York: A.A. Knopf, 1991), p. 6.
5. Albert S. Broussard, “In Search of the Promised Land: African American Migration to San Francisco, 1900-1945, “in Seeking El Dorado: African Americans in Calfiornia, Lawrence de Graafe et al., eds. (Los Angeles: Autry Museum of Western Heritage, 2001), p. 190.
6. Charles Johnson, The Negro War Worker in San Francisco: A Local Self-Survey (San Francisco, 1944), p. 1.
7. Donna Murch, “The Urban Promise of Black Power: African American Political Mobilization in Oakland and the East Bay, 1961-1977” (UC Berkeley: Ph.D. Thesis, 2004).
8. Donna Murch, “Interview with Emory Douglas,” March 7, 2002.
9. Leon White,” August 9, 2002, “Fritz Pointer,” March 12, 2002;
10. Judith May, “Struggle for Authority: A Comparison of Four Social Change Programs in Oakland, California” (UC Berkeley: Ph.D. Thesis, 1973).
11. N. Newton, Revolutionary Suicide, pp. 110-127;
12. M. Murch, “Interview with Ernest Allen,” February 3, 2002;
13. M. Murch, “The Urban Promise,” p. 147;
14. Paul Alkebulan, “The Role of Ideology in the Growth, Establishment, and Decline of the Black Panther Party: 1966 to 1982” (UC Berkeley, Ph.D. Thesis, 2003), p. 104.
15. Jeanne Theoharis, “‘Alabama on the Avalon’: Rethinking the Watts Uprising and the Character of Black Protest in Los Angeles” in Peniel E. Joseph, ed., The Black Power Movement: Rethinking the Civil Tights-Black Power Era (New York: Routledge, 2006), p. 33.
16. Albert Broussard, Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 1900-1945 (Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1993);
17. Gerald D. Nash, The American West Transformed: The Impact of the Second World War (Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), p. 17.
18. Marilynn S. Johnson, The Second Gold Rush (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), p. 30.
19. Gretchen Lemke-Santangelo, Abiding Courage: African American Women and the East Bay Community (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996)
20. J. Johnson, Negro War Worker.
21. Charles Johnson, The Negro War Worker, p. 6.
22. Lawrence B. De Graaf & Quintard Taylor, “Introduction” to Seeking El Dorado, p. 24;
23. William Henry Brown, Class Aspects of Residential Development and Choice in Oakland Black Community (UC Berkeley Ph.D. Thesis, 1970), p. 86;
24. Floyd Hunter, Housing Discrimination in Oakland, California; A Study Prepared for the Oakland Mayor’s Committee on Full Opportunity and the Council of Social Planning, Alameda County (Berkeley, California: 1964), p. 14.
25. Donna Murch, “The Problem of the Occupational Color Line,” unpublished paper, p. 15.
26. Charlers Wollenberg, Marinship at War: Shipbuilding and Social Change in Wartime Sausalito (Berkeley: Western Heritage Press, 1990), p. 71.
27. Edward, C., Hayes, Power Structure and Urban Policy: Who Rules in Oakland? (San Francisco: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1972), p. 48.
28. Marilynn Johnson, Second Gold Rush, p. 167;
29. Gretchen Lemke-Santangelo, “Deindustrialization, Urban Poverty and African American Community Mobilization in Oakland, 1945 through 1990s,” Seeking El Dorado, pp. 343-376.
30. J. Johnson, Second Gold Rush, p. 167.
31. Peter May, “Struggle for Authority,” pp. 115-117;
32. Evelio Grillo, Black Cuban, Black American: A Memoir (Houston: Arte Publico Press, 2000), p. 131;
33. Laura Mihailoff, “Protecting Our Children: A History of the California Youth Authority and Juvenile Justice, 1938-1968” (UC Berkeley, 2005).
34. Komozi Woodard, A Nation within a Nation: Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) & Black Power Politics (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999);
35. Peniel E. Joseph, Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour: A Narrative History of Black Power in America (New York: Henry Holt, 2006).
36. Peniel E. Joseph, “Black Studies, Student Activism, and the Black Power Movement,” in The Black Movement, pp. 251-277
37. Noliwe Rooks, White Money, Black Power: The Surprising History of African American Studies and the Crisis of Race in Higher Education (Boston: Beacon Press, 2006).
38. John Aubrey Douglas, “Brokering the 1960 Master Plan: Pat Brown and the Promise of California Higher Education,” in Responsible Liberalism: Edmund G. “Pat” Brown and Reform Government in California 1958-1967, Martin Schiesl, ed. (Los Angeles: Edmund G. “Pat” Brown Institute of Public Affairs, 2003), p. 86;
39. John Aubrey Douglas, The California Idea and American Education; Sidney W. Brossman and Myron Roberts, The California Community Colleges (Palo Alto, CA: Field Educational Publications, 1973).
40. Jonathan Spencer, Caught in Crossfire: Marcus Foster and America’s Urban Education Crisis, 1941-1973 (New York Univeristy: Ph.D. Thesis, 2002), pp. 361-363.
41. M. Murch, “The Urban Promise,” p. 99.
42. Lisa Rubens, “Interview with Donald Hopkins,” unpublished transcript, Regional Oral History Office, UC Berkeley, September 29, 2000.
43. M. Murch, “Interview with Ernest Allen,” July 3, 2001.
44. Scot Brown, Fighting for US: Maulana Karenga, The US Organization, and Black Cultural Nationalism (New York: New York University Press, 2003), pp. 25-29.
45. M. Murch, “Mansour”; Khalid Al Mansour, Black Americans at the Crossroads-Where Do We Go From Here? (New York: First African Arabian Press, 1990).
46. B. Brown, Fighting for US, p. 28.
47. James Edward Smethurst, The Black Arts Movement: Literary Nationalism in the 1960s and 1970s (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), pp. 260-262.
48. Robert F. Williams, Negroes With Guns (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1998), p. xxvii.
49. Bobby Seale, Seize the Time (New York: Random House, 1970), p. 21;
50. Gabrielle Morris, Head of the Class: An Oral History of African-American Achievement in Higher Education and Beyond (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995), pp. xvii-xviii.
51. Eric Hobsbawm, Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1959), p. 108.
52. S. Seale, Seize the Time, pp. 3-6.
53. N. Newton, Revolutionary Suicide, p. 69.
54. S. Seale, Seize the Time, pp. 26-30.
55. M. Murch, “Interview with Leo Bazile,” February 19, 2001.
56. David Hilliard and Lewis Cole, This Side of Glory: The Autobiography of David Hilliard and the Story of the Black Panther Party (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1993), p. 228;
57. Robyn Ceanne Spencer, Repression Breeds Resistance: The Rise and Fall of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, CA, 1966-1982 (Columbia University: Ph.D. Thesis, 2001), p. 44.