메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 193-205

Who are the objects of positive and negative gossip at work?. A social network perspective on workplace gossip

Author keywords

ERGM; Exponential random graph modeling; Gossip; Informal networks; Social status; Work groups

Indexed keywords


EID: 84857798439     PISSN: 03788733     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2011.11.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (162)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 60549109690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Workplace victimization: aggression from the target's perspective
    • Aquino K., Thau S. Workplace victimization: aggression from the target's perspective. Annual Review of Psychology 2009, 60:717-741.
    • (2009) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 717-741
    • Aquino, K.1    Thau, S.2
  • 2
    • 33845248155 scopus 로고
    • Prestige and culture - biosocial interpretation
    • Barkow J.H. Prestige and culture - biosocial interpretation. Current Anthropology 1975, 16:553-572.
    • (1975) Current Anthropology , vol.16 , pp. 553-572
    • Barkow, J.H.1
  • 3
    • 0001824831 scopus 로고
    • Beneath new culture is old psychology: gossip and social stratification
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, J. Barkow, L. Cosmides, J. Tooby (Eds.)
    • Barkow J.H. Beneath new culture is old psychology: gossip and social stratification. The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture 1992, 627-637. Oxford University Press, Oxford. J. Barkow, L. Cosmides, J. Tooby (Eds.).
    • (1992) The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture , pp. 627-637
    • Barkow, J.H.1
  • 4
    • 0029304103 scopus 로고
    • The need to belong - desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human-motivation
    • Baumeister R.F., Leary M.R. The need to belong - desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human-motivation. Psychological Bulletin 1995, 117:497-529.
    • (1995) Psychological Bulletin , vol.117 , pp. 497-529
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Leary, M.R.2
  • 7
    • 0001032085 scopus 로고
    • Informant accuracy in social networks. Part IV. A comparison of clique-level structure in behavioral and cognitive network data
    • Bernard H.R., Killworth P., Sailer L. Informant accuracy in social networks. Part IV. A comparison of clique-level structure in behavioral and cognitive network data. Social Networks 1979, 2:191-218.
    • (1979) Social Networks , vol.2 , pp. 191-218
    • Bernard, H.R.1    Killworth, P.2    Sailer, L.3
  • 8
    • 84936824655 scopus 로고
    • Power and centrality - a family of measures
    • Bonacich P. Power and centrality - a family of measures. American Journal of Sociology 1987, 92:1170-1182.
    • (1987) American Journal of Sociology , vol.92 , pp. 1170-1182
    • Bonacich, P.1
  • 9
    • 84972595692 scopus 로고
    • Scapegoating in complex organizations - the results of a comparative-study of symbolic blame-giving in Italian and French public-administration
    • Bonazzi G. Scapegoating in complex organizations - the results of a comparative-study of symbolic blame-giving in Italian and French public-administration. Organization Studies 1983, 4:1-18.
    • (1983) Organization Studies , vol.4 , pp. 1-18
    • Bonazzi, G.1
  • 10
    • 84857795380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ucinet for Windows: software for social network analysis. Analytic Technologies, Harvard, MA. Available at:
    • Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G., Freeman, L.C., 2002. Ucinet for Windows: software for social network analysis. Analytic Technologies, Harvard, MA. Available at: http://www.analytictech.com/ucinet.htm.
    • (2002)
    • Borgatti, S.P.1    Everett, M.G.2    Freeman, L.C.3
  • 11
    • 0345304831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The network paradigm in organizational research: a review and typology
    • Borgatti S.P., Foster P.C. The network paradigm in organizational research: a review and typology. Journal of Management 2003, 29:991-1013.
    • (2003) Journal of Management , vol.29 , pp. 991-1013
    • Borgatti, S.P.1    Foster, P.C.2
  • 12
    • 33646754450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal chemistry through negativity: bonding by sharing negative attitudes about others
    • Bosson J.K., Johnson A.B., Niederhoffer K., Swann W.B. Interpersonal chemistry through negativity: bonding by sharing negative attitudes about others. Personal Relationships 2006, 13:135-150.
    • (2006) Personal Relationships , vol.13 , pp. 135-150
    • Bosson, J.K.1    Johnson, A.B.2    Niederhoffer, K.3    Swann, W.B.4
  • 13
    • 1042279698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Despicability in the workplace: effects of behavioral deviance and unlikeability on the evaluation of in-group and out-group members
    • Bown N.J., Abrams D. Despicability in the workplace: effects of behavioral deviance and unlikeability on the evaluation of in-group and out-group members. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2003, 33:2413-2426.
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 2413-2426
    • Bown, N.J.1    Abrams, D.2
  • 14
    • 21344449044 scopus 로고
    • Potential power and power use - an investigation of structure and behavior
    • Brass D.J., Burkhardt M.E. Potential power and power use - an investigation of structure and behavior. Academy of Management Journal 1993, 36:441-470.
    • (1993) Academy of Management Journal , vol.36 , pp. 441-470
    • Brass, D.J.1    Burkhardt, M.E.2
  • 15
    • 0142019084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychology of prejudice: ingroup love or outgroup hate?
    • Brewer M.B. The psychology of prejudice: ingroup love or outgroup hate?. Journal of Social Issues 1999, 55:429-444.
    • (1999) Journal of Social Issues , vol.55 , pp. 429-444
    • Brewer, M.B.1
  • 16
    • 0002523295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bandwidth and echo: trust, information, and gossip in social networks
    • Russel Sag Foundation, A. Casella, J.E. Rauch (Eds.)
    • Burt R.S. Bandwidth and echo: trust, information, and gossip in social networks. Networks and Markets: Contributions from Economics and Sociology 2001, 30-74. Russel Sag Foundation. A. Casella, J.E. Rauch (Eds.).
    • (2001) Networks and Markets: Contributions from Economics and Sociology , pp. 30-74
    • Burt, R.S.1
  • 19
    • 33847316072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scapegoating and the unpopular nurse
    • Cooke H.F. Scapegoating and the unpopular nurse. Nurse Education Today 2007, 27:177-184.
    • (2007) Nurse Education Today , vol.27 , pp. 177-184
    • Cooke, H.F.1
  • 21
    • 0038669291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why humans value sensational news - an evolutionary perspective
    • Davis H., Mcleod S.L. Why humans value sensational news - an evolutionary perspective. Evolution and Human Behavior 2003, 24:208-216.
    • (2003) Evolution and Human Behavior , vol.24 , pp. 208-216
    • Davis, H.1    Mcleod, S.L.2
  • 22
    • 33747313223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whispering down the lane: the economics of vicarious information transfer
    • De Backer C.J.S., Gurven M. Whispering down the lane: the economics of vicarious information transfer. Adaptive Behavior 2006, 14:249-264.
    • (2006) Adaptive Behavior , vol.14 , pp. 249-264
    • De Backer, C.J.S.1    Gurven, M.2
  • 23
    • 56749177759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed norm enforcement: ostracism in open multi-agent systems
    • Springer, Berlin, P. Casanovas, G. Sartor, N. Casellas, R. Rubino (Eds.)
    • De Pinninck A.P., Sierra Ch., Schorlemmer M. Distributed norm enforcement: ostracism in open multi-agent systems. Computable Models of the Law, LNAI 4884 2008, 275-290. Springer, Berlin. P. Casanovas, G. Sartor, N. Casellas, R. Rubino (Eds.).
    • (2008) Computable Models of the Law, LNAI 4884 , pp. 275-290
    • De Pinninck, A.P.1    Sierra, C.2    Schorlemmer, M.3
  • 24
    • 84857799440 scopus 로고
    • The changing role of gossip: towards a new identity? Turkish girls in the Netherlands
    • Het Spinhuis Publishers, Amsterdam, G. Baumann, T. Sunier (Eds.)
    • De Vries M. The changing role of gossip: towards a new identity? Turkish girls in the Netherlands. Post-Migration Ethnicity: Cohesion, Commitments, Comparison 1995, 36-56. Het Spinhuis Publishers, Amsterdam. G. Baumann, T. Sunier (Eds.).
    • (1995) Post-Migration Ethnicity: Cohesion, Commitments, Comparison , pp. 36-56
    • De Vries, M.1
  • 25
    • 60950305880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rumor, gossip and urban legends
    • DiFonzo N., Bordia P. Rumor, gossip and urban legends. Diogenes 2007, 54:19-35.
    • (2007) Diogenes , vol.54 , pp. 19-35
    • DiFonzo, N.1    Bordia, P.2
  • 27
  • 30
    • 2942665737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on gossip: taxonomy, methods, and future directions
    • Foster E.K. Research on gossip: taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology 2004, 8:78-99.
    • (2004) Review of General Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 78-99
    • Foster, E.K.1
  • 31
    • 33750177351 scopus 로고
    • Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification
    • Freeman L.C. Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification. Social Networks 1979, 1:215-239.
    • (1979) Social Networks , vol.1 , pp. 215-239
    • Freeman, L.C.1
  • 35
    • 77952481772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A social network analysis of positive and negative gossip in organizational life
    • Grosser T.J., Lopez-Kidwell V., Labianca G. A social network analysis of positive and negative gossip in organizational life. Group & Organization Management 2010, 35:177-212.
    • (2010) Group & Organization Management , vol.35 , pp. 177-212
    • Grosser, T.J.1    Lopez-Kidwell, V.2    Labianca, G.3
  • 36
    • 84993783233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'You'll think we're always bitching': the functions of cooperativity and competition in women's gossip
    • Guendouzi J. 'You'll think we're always bitching': the functions of cooperativity and competition in women's gossip. Discourse Studies 2001, 3:29-51.
    • (2001) Discourse Studies , vol.3 , pp. 29-51
    • Guendouzi, J.1
  • 37
    • 0000235395 scopus 로고
    • Group influences on individuals in organizations
    • Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto
    • Hackman J.R. Group influences on individuals in organizations. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 1992, Vol. 3:1455-1525. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto.
    • (1992) Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology , vol.3 , pp. 1455-1525
    • Hackman, J.R.1
  • 39
    • 2942644138 scopus 로고
    • Gossip, gossipers, gossipees
    • University Press of Kansas, R.F. Goodman, A. Ben-Ze'ev (Eds.)
    • Jaeger M.E., Skleder A.A., Rind B., Rosnow R.L. Gossip, gossipers, gossipees. Good Gossip 1994, 154-168. University Press of Kansas. R.F. Goodman, A. Ben-Ze'ev (Eds.).
    • (1994) Good Gossip , pp. 154-168
    • Jaeger, M.E.1    Skleder, A.A.2    Rind, B.3    Rosnow, R.L.4
  • 40
    • 40649127450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reciprocal influence model of social power: emerging principles and lines of inquiry
    • Elsevier Academic Press Inc., San Diego
    • Keltner D., Van Kleef G.A., Chen S., Kraus M.W. A reciprocal influence model of social power: emerging principles and lines of inquiry. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 2008, Elsevier Academic Press Inc., San Diego.
    • (2008) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
    • Keltner, D.1    Van Kleef, G.A.2    Chen, S.3    Kraus, M.W.4
  • 41
    • 18844430146 scopus 로고
    • Bringing the individual back in - a structural-analysis of the internal market for reputation in organizations
    • Kilduff M., Krackhardt D. Bringing the individual back in - a structural-analysis of the internal market for reputation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal 1994, 37:87-108.
    • (1994) Academy of Management Journal , vol.37 , pp. 87-108
    • Kilduff, M.1    Krackhardt, D.2
  • 42
    • 30544439811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilities of gossip across organizational levels - multilevel selection, free-riders, and teams
    • Kniffin K.M., Wilson D.S. Utilities of gossip across organizational levels - multilevel selection, free-riders, and teams. Human Nature-An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective 2005, 16:278-292.
    • (2005) Human Nature-An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective , vol.16 , pp. 278-292
    • Kniffin, K.M.1    Wilson, D.S.2
  • 43
    • 0002765763 scopus 로고
    • Graph theoretical dimensions of informal organizations
    • Lawrence Erlbaum Associaties Inc., Hillsdale, NJ, K. Carley, M. Prietula (Eds.)
    • Krackhardt D. Graph theoretical dimensions of informal organizations. Computational Organizational Theory 1994, 89-111. Lawrence Erlbaum Associaties Inc., Hillsdale, NJ. K. Carley, M. Prietula (Eds.).
    • (1994) Computational Organizational Theory , pp. 89-111
    • Krackhardt, D.1
  • 44
    • 0034343209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passing the word: toward a model of gossip and power in the workplace
    • Kurland N.B., Pelled L.H. Passing the word: toward a model of gossip and power in the workplace. Academy of Management Review 2000, 25:428-438.
    • (2000) Academy of Management Review , vol.25 , pp. 428-438
    • Kurland, N.B.1    Pelled, L.H.2
  • 45
    • 33645140649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the social ledger: negative relationships and negative asymmetry in social networks in organizations
    • Labianca G., Brass D.J. Exploring the social ledger: negative relationships and negative asymmetry in social networks in organizations. Academy of Management Review 2006, 31:596-614.
    • (2006) Academy of Management Review , vol.31 , pp. 596-614
    • Labianca, G.1    Brass, D.J.2
  • 46
    • 3542998100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social power, social status and perceptual similarity of workplace victimization: a social network analysis of stratification
    • Lamertz K., Aquino K. Social power, social status and perceptual similarity of workplace victimization: a social network analysis of stratification. Human Relations 2004, 57:795-822.
    • (2004) Human Relations , vol.57 , pp. 795-822
    • Lamertz, K.1    Aquino, K.2
  • 47
    • 0034178059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spreading and sifting costs of lateral control in a law partnership: a structural analysis at the individual level
    • Lazega E., Krackhardt D. Spreading and sifting costs of lateral control in a law partnership: a structural analysis at the individual level. Quality & Quantity 2000, 34:153-175.
    • (2000) Quality & Quantity , vol.34 , pp. 153-175
    • Lazega, E.1    Krackhardt, D.2
  • 48
    • 0029499816 scopus 로고
    • Gossip in same-gender and cross-gender friends conversations
    • Leaper C., Holliday H. Gossip in same-gender and cross-gender friends conversations. Personal Relationships 1995, 2:237-246.
    • (1995) Personal Relationships , vol.2 , pp. 237-246
    • Leaper, C.1    Holliday, H.2
  • 50
    • 84956420114 scopus 로고
    • The 'black-sheep effect': Social categorization, rejection of in-group deviates, and perception of group variability
    • John Wiley & Sons, London, UK, W. Stroebe, M. Hewstone (Eds.)
    • Marques J.M., Paez D. The 'black-sheep effect': Social categorization, rejection of in-group deviates, and perception of group variability. European Review of Social Psychology 1994, 37-68. John Wiley & Sons, London, UK. W. Stroebe, M. Hewstone (Eds.).
    • (1994) European Review of Social Psychology , pp. 37-68
    • Marques, J.M.1    Paez, D.2
  • 51
  • 52
    • 70350339634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation and stabilization of vertical hierarchies among adolescents: towards a quantitative ethology of dominance among humans
    • Martin J.L. Formation and stabilization of vertical hierarchies among adolescents: towards a quantitative ethology of dominance among humans. Social Psychology Quarterly 2009, 72:241-264.
    • (2009) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.72 , pp. 241-264
    • Martin, J.L.1
  • 53
    • 34250843787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who do we tell and whom do we tell on? Gossip as a strategy for status enhancement
    • McAndrew F.T., Bell E.K., Garcia C.M. Who do we tell and whom do we tell on? Gossip as a strategy for status enhancement. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2007, 37:1562-1577.
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1562-1577
    • McAndrew, F.T.1    Bell, E.K.2    Garcia, C.M.3
  • 54
    • 0000361332 scopus 로고
    • Rethinking gossip and scandal
    • Academic Press, New York, D. Black (Ed.)
    • Merry S.E. Rethinking gossip and scandal. Toward a General Theory of Social Control 1984, 272-302. Academic Press, New York. D. Black (Ed.).
    • (1984) Toward a General Theory of Social Control , pp. 272-302
    • Merry, S.E.1
  • 55
    • 21144443305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "You didn't hear it from us but....": towards and understanding of rumour and gossip in organisations
    • Michelson G., Mouly S. "You didn't hear it from us but....": towards and understanding of rumour and gossip in organisations. Australian Journal of Management 2002, 27:57-65.
    • (2002) Australian Journal of Management , vol.27 , pp. 57-65
    • Michelson, G.1    Mouly, S.2
  • 56
    • 84986077023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do loose lips sink ships? The meaning, antecedents and consequences of rumour and gossip in organisations
    • Michelson G., Mouly S. Do loose lips sink ships? The meaning, antecedents and consequences of rumour and gossip in organisations. Corporate Communications: An International Journal 2004, 9:189-201.
    • (2004) Corporate Communications: An International Journal , vol.9 , pp. 189-201
    • Michelson, G.1    Mouly, S.2
  • 57
    • 77952510489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiencing gossip: the foundations for a theory of embedded organizational gossip
    • Mills C. Experiencing gossip: the foundations for a theory of embedded organizational gossip. Group & Organization Management 2010, 35:213-240.
    • (2010) Group & Organization Management , vol.35 , pp. 213-240
    • Mills, C.1
  • 58
    • 84973745183 scopus 로고
    • The use of dyadic alliances in informal organization - an ethnographic study
    • Morey N.C., Luthans F. The use of dyadic alliances in informal organization - an ethnographic study. Human Relations 1991, 44:597-618.
    • (1991) Human Relations , vol.44 , pp. 597-618
    • Morey, N.C.1    Luthans, F.2
  • 59
    • 11044219871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informal relationships in the workplace: associations with job satisfaction, organisational commitment and turnover intentions
    • Morrison R. Informal relationships in the workplace: associations with job satisfaction, organisational commitment and turnover intentions. New Zealand Journal of Psychology 2004, 33:114-128.
    • (2004) New Zealand Journal of Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 114-128
    • Morrison, R.1
  • 60
    • 0242437568 scopus 로고
    • The tendency to gossip as a psychological disposition: constructing a measure and validating it
    • University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, R.F. Goodman, A. Ben-Ze'ev (Eds.)
    • Nevo O., Nevo B., Derech-Zehavi A. The tendency to gossip as a psychological disposition: constructing a measure and validating it. Good Gossip 1994, 180-189. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. R.F. Goodman, A. Ben-Ze'ev (Eds.).
    • (1994) Good Gossip , pp. 180-189
    • Nevo, O.1    Nevo, B.2    Derech-Zehavi, A.3
  • 61
    • 21144483592 scopus 로고
    • News from behind my hand - gossip in organizations
    • Noon M., Delbridge R. News from behind my hand - gossip in organizations. Organization Studies 1993, 14:23-36.
    • (1993) Organization Studies , vol.14 , pp. 23-36
    • Noon, M.1    Delbridge, R.2
  • 63
    • 9944257053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group social capital and group effectiveness: the role of informal socializing ties
    • Oh H.S., Chung M.H., Labianca G. Group social capital and group effectiveness: the role of informal socializing ties. Academy of Management Journal 2004, 47:860-875.
    • (2004) Academy of Management Journal , vol.47 , pp. 860-875
    • Oh, H.S.1    Chung, M.H.2    Labianca, G.3
  • 65
    • 34147137805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks
    • Robins G., Pattison P., Kalish Y., Lusher D. An introduction to exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks. Social Networks 2007, 29:173-191.
    • (2007) Social Networks , vol.29 , pp. 173-191
    • Robins, G.1    Pattison, P.2    Kalish, Y.3    Lusher, D.4
  • 66
    • 62549109510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closure, connectivity and degree distributions: exponential random graph (p*) models for directed social networks
    • Robins G., Pattison P., Wang P. Closure, connectivity and degree distributions: exponential random graph (p*) models for directed social networks. Social Networks 2009, 31:105-117.
    • (2009) Social Networks , vol.31 , pp. 105-117
    • Robins, G.1    Pattison, P.2    Wang, P.3
  • 67
    • 34147152799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks
    • Robins G., Snijders T., Wang P., Handcock M., Pattison P. Recent developments in exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks. Social Networks 2007, 29:192-215.
    • (2007) Social Networks , vol.29 , pp. 192-215
    • Robins, G.1    Snijders, T.2    Wang, P.3    Handcock, M.4    Pattison, P.5
  • 68
    • 2442525435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rumor and gossip in interpersonal interaction and beyond: a social exchange perspective
    • American Psychological Association, Washington D.C. R.M. Kowalski (Ed.)
    • Rosnow R.L. Rumor and gossip in interpersonal interaction and beyond: a social exchange perspective. Behaving Badly: Aversive Behaviours in Interpersonal Relationships 2001, 203-232. American Psychological Association, Washington D.C. R.M. Kowalski (Ed.).
    • (2001) Behaving Badly: Aversive Behaviours in Interpersonal Relationships , pp. 203-232
    • Rosnow, R.L.1
  • 69
    • 0030526587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bullying as a group process: participant roles and their relations to social status within the group
    • Salmivalli C., Lagerspetz K., Bjorkqvist K., Osterman K., Kaukiainen A. Bullying as a group process: participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior 1996, 22:1-15.
    • (1996) Aggressive Behavior , vol.22 , pp. 1-15
    • Salmivalli, C.1    Lagerspetz, K.2    Bjorkqvist, K.3    Osterman, K.4    Kaukiainen, A.5
  • 70
    • 60349096004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Popularity contest at work: who wins, why, and what do they receive?
    • Scott B.A., Judge T.A. The Popularity contest at work: who wins, why, and what do they receive?. Journal of Applied Psychology 2009, 94:20-33.
    • (2009) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 20-33
    • Scott, B.A.1    Judge, T.A.2
  • 72
    • 84857800590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manual for SIENA version 3.3. University of Groningen, ICS-University of Oxford, Department of Statistics, Groningen-Oxford. Available at:
    • Snijders, T.A.B., Steglich, C., Schweinberger, M., Huisman, M., 2008. Manual for SIENA version 3.3. University of Groningen, ICS-University of Oxford, Department of Statistics, Groningen-Oxford. Available at: http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/siena/.
    • (2008)
    • Snijders, T.A.B.1    Steglich, C.2    Schweinberger, M.3    Huisman, M.4
  • 74
    • 0033484587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ambivalent dynamics of secretarial 'bitching': control, resistance, and the construction of identity
    • Sotirin P., Gottfried H. The ambivalent dynamics of secretarial 'bitching': control, resistance, and the construction of identity. Organization 1999, 6:57-80.
    • (1999) Organization , vol.6 , pp. 57-80
    • Sotirin, P.1    Gottfried, H.2
  • 77
    • 0031317193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Look before you speak': gossip and the insecure workplace
    • Tebbutt M., Marchington M. 'Look before you speak': gossip and the insecure workplace. Work Employment and Society 1997, 11:713-735.
    • (1997) Work Employment and Society , vol.11 , pp. 713-735
    • Tebbutt, M.1    Marchington, M.2
  • 78
    • 34248353984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-defeating behaviors in organizations: the relationship between thwarted belonging and interpersonal work behaviors
    • Thau S., Aquino K., Poortvliet P.M. Self-defeating behaviors in organizations: the relationship between thwarted belonging and interpersonal work behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology 2007, 92:840-847.
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 840-847
    • Thau, S.1    Aquino, K.2    Poortvliet, P.M.3
  • 79
    • 0035098565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of workplace bullying with respect to the well-being of its targets and the observers of bullying
    • Vartia M.A.L. Consequences of workplace bullying with respect to the well-being of its targets and the observers of bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health 2001, 27:63-69.
    • (2001) Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health , vol.27 , pp. 63-69
    • Vartia, M.A.L.1
  • 81
    • 65449187439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Groups reward individual sacrifice: the status solution to the collective action problem
    • Willer R. Groups reward individual sacrifice: the status solution to the collective action problem. American Sociological Review 2009, 74:23-43.
    • (2009) American Sociological Review , vol.74 , pp. 23-43
    • Willer, R.1
  • 82
    • 0010106815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gossip and other aspects of language as group-level adaptations
    • MIT Press, Cambridge, C. Heyes (Ed.)
    • Wilson D.S., Wilcynski C., Wells A., Weiser L. Gossip and other aspects of language as group-level adaptations. Cognition and Evolution 2000, 347-366. MIT Press, Cambridge. C. Heyes (Ed.).
    • (2000) Cognition and Evolution , pp. 347-366
    • Wilson, D.S.1    Wilcynski, C.2    Wells, A.3    Weiser, L.4
  • 83
    • 34247441712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frame decay, informal power, and the escalation of social control in a management team: a relational signaling perspective
    • Wittek R., Van Duijn M., Snijders T.A.B. Frame decay, informal power, and the escalation of social control in a management team: a relational signaling perspective. Research in the Sociology of Organizations 2003, 20:355-380.
    • (2003) Research in the Sociology of Organizations , vol.20 , pp. 355-380
    • Wittek, R.1    Van Duijn, M.2    Snijders, T.A.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.