Levels of genetic diversity vary dramatically between Blastocystis subtypes

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 263-273

  Stensvold, C Rune ^a   Alfellani, Mohammed ^b   Clark, C Graham ^b  

^a STATENS SERUM INSTITUT   (Denmark)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Genetic diversity; Mitochondrial DNA; MLST; Molecular epidemiology; Small subunit ribosomal DNA; Zoonosis

Indexed keywords

SMALL SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL RNA;

ARTICLE; BLASTOCYSTIS; CELL ORGANELLE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNINDEXED SEQUENCE;

ANIMALS; BLASTOCYSTIS; BLASTOCYSTIS INFECTIONS; DNA, RIBOSOMAL; GENETIC VARIATION; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING; PHYLOGENY;

ANIMALIA; BLASTOCYSTIS; PRIMATES;

EID: 84857653596     PISSN: 15671348     EISSN: 15677257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.11.002     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Abe N. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis isolates from various hosts. Vet. Parasitol. 2004, 25:235-242.
2. Arisue N., Hashimoto T., Yoshikawa H., Nakamura Y., Nakamura F., Yano T.A., Hasegawa M. Phylogenetic position of Blastocystis hominis and of stramenopiles inferred from multiple molecular sequence data. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 2002, 49:42-53.
3. Arisue N., Hashimoto T., Yoshikawa H. Sequence heterogeneity of the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes among Blastocystis isolates. Parasitology 2003, 126:1-9.
4. Bain J.M., Tawanti A., Davidson A.D., Jacobsen M.D., Shaw D., Gow N.A., Odds F.C. Multilocus sequence typing of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007, 45:1469-1477.
5. Bougnoux M.E., Morand S., d'Enfert C. Usefulness of multilocus sequence typing for characterization of clinical isolates of Candida albicans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002, 40:1290-1297.
6. Clark C.G., Diamond L.S. Methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2002, 15:329-341.
7. Corpet F. Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988, 16:10881-10890.
8. Dogruman-Al F., Dagci F., Yoshikawa H., Kurt O., Demirel M. A possible link between subtype 2 and asymptomatic infections of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol. Res. 2008, 103:685-689.
9. Dogruman-Al F., Kustimur S., Yoshikawa H., Tuncer C., Simsek Z., Tanyuksel M., Araz E., Boorom K. Blastocystis subtypes in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease in Ankara, Turkey. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2009, 104:724-727.
10. Dogruman-Al F., Yoshikawa H., Kustimur S., Balaban N. PCR-based subtyping of Blastocystis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in a major hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Parasitol. Res. 2009, 106:263-268.
11. Domínguez-Márquez M.V., Guna R., Muñoz C., Gómez-Muñoz M.T., Borrás R. High prevalence of subtype 4 among isolates of Blastocystis hominis from symptomatic patients of a health district of Valencia (Spain). Parasitol. Res. 2009, 105:949-955.
12. Eroglu F., Koltas I.S. Evaluation of the transmission mode of B. Hominis by using PCR method. Parasitol. Res. 2010, 107:841-845.
13. Eroglu F., Genc A., Elgun G., Koltas I.S. Identification of Blastocystis hominis isolates from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients by PCR. Parasitol. Res. 2009, 105:1589-1592.
14. Forsell, J., Granlund, M., Stensvold, C.R., Clark, C.G., Evengård, B., in press. Subtype analysis of Blastocystis isolates in Swedish patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.
15. Guindon S., Gascuel O. A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst. Biol. 2003, 52:696-704.
16. Ho L.C., Jeyaseelan K., Singh M. Use of the elongation factor-1 alpha gene in a polymerase chain reaction-based restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism analysis of genetic heterogeneity among Blastocystis species. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 2001, 112:278-291.
17. Huelsenbeck J.P., Ronquist F. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 2001, 17:754-755.
18. Hunter P. Reproducibility and indices of discriminatory power of microbial typing methods. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1990, 28:1903-1905.
19. Hunter P.R., Gaston M.A. Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson's index of diversity. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1988, 26:2465-2466.
20. Hussein E.M., Hussein A.M., Eida M.M., Atwa M.M. Pathophysiological variability of different genotypes of human Blastocystis hominis Egyptian isolates in experimentally infected rats. Parasitol. Res. 2008, 102:853-860.
21. Iguchi A., Ebisu A., Nagata S., Saitou Y., Yoshikawa H., Iwatani S., Kimata I. Infectivity of different genotypes of human Blastocystis hominis isolates in chickens and rats. Parasitol. Int. 2007, 56:107-112.
22. Jolley K.A., Maiden M.C. BIGSdb: Scalable analysis of bacterial genome variation at the population level. BMC Bioinformatics 2010, 11:595.
23. Jones M.S., Ganac R.D., Hiser G., Hudson N.R., Le A., Whipps C.M. Detection of Blastocystis from stool samples using real-time PCR. Parasitol. Res. 2008, 103:551-557.
24. Kaneda Y., Horiki N., Cheng X.J., Fujita Y., Maruyama M., Tachibana H. Ribodemes of Blastocystis hominis isolated in Japan. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2001, 65:393-396.
25. Lantsman Y., Tan K.S., Morada M., Yarlett N. Biochemical characterization of a mitochondrial-like organelle from Blastocystis sp. subtype 7. Microbiology 2008, 154:2757-2766.
26. Leelayoova S., Siripattanapipong S., Thathaisong U., Naaglor T., Taamasri P., Piyaraj P., Mungthin M. Drinking water: a possible source of Blastocystis spp. subtype 1 infection in schoolchildren of a rural community in central Thailand. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2008, 79:401-406.
27. Leipe D.D., Tong S.M., Goggin C.L., Slemenda S.B., Pieniazek N., Sogin M.L. 16S-like rDNA sequences from Developayella elegans, Labyrinthuloides haliotidis, and Proteromonas lacertae confirm that the stramenopiles are a primarily heterotrophic group. Eur. J. Protistol. 1996, 32:449-458.
28. Li L.H., Zhang X.P., Lv S., Zhang L., Yoshikawa H., Wu Z., Steinmann P., Utzinger J., Tong X.M., Chen S.H., Zhou X.N. Cross-sectional surveys and subtype classification of human Blastocystis isolates from four epidemiological settings in China. Parasitol. Res. 2007, 102:83-90.
29. Li L.H., Zhou X.N., Du Z.W., Want X.Z., Wang L.B., Jiang J.Y., Yoshikawa H., Steinmann P., Utzinger J., Wu Z., Chen J.X., Chen S.H., Zhang L. Molecular epidemiology of human Blastocystis in a village in Yunnan province, China. Parasitol. Int. 2007, 56:281-286.
30. Librado P., Rozas J. DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 2009, 25:1451-1452.
31. Malheiros, A.F., Stensvold, C.R., Clark, C.G., Braga, G.B., Shaw, J.J., in press. Molecular characterisation of Blastocystis obtained from members of the indigenous Tapirapé Ethnic Group from the Brazilian Amazon Region, Brazil. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
32. Meloni D., Sanciu G., El Alaoui H., Chabé M., Delhaes L., Dei-Cas E., Delbac F., Luigi Fiori P., Di Cave D., Viscogliosi E. Molecular subtyping of Blastocystis sp. isolates from symptomatic patients in Italy. Parasitol. Res. 2011, 109:613-619.
33. Noël C., Peyronnet C., Gerbod D., Edgcomb V.P., Delgado-Viscogliosi P., Sogin M.L., Capron M., Viscogliosi E., Zenner L. Phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis isolates from different hosts based on the comparison of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 2003, 126:119-123.
34. Noël C., Dufernez F., Gerbod D., Edgcomb V.P., Delgado-Viscogliosi P., Ho L.C., Singh M., Wintjens R., Sogin M.L., Capron M., Pierce R., Zenner L., Viscogliosi E. Molecular phylogenies of Blastocystis isolates from different hosts: implications for genetic diversity, identification of species, and zoonosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005, 43:348-355.
35. Ozyurt M., Kurt O., Mølbak K., Nielsen H.V., Haznedaroglu T., Stensvold C.R. Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis infections in Turkey. Parasitol. Int. 2008, 57:300-306.
36. Parkar U., Traub R.J., Kumar S., Mungthin M., Vitali S., Leelayoova S., Morris K., Thompson R.C. Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential. Parasitology 2007, 134:359-367.
37. Parkar U., Traub R.J., Vitali S., Elliot A., Levecke B., Robertson I., Geurden T., Steele J., Drake B., Thompson R.C. Molecular characterization of Blastocystis isolates from zoo animals and their animal-keepers. Vet. Parasitol. 2010, 169:8-17.
38. Pérez-Brocal V., Clark C.G. Analysis of two genomes from the mitochondrion-like organelle of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis: complete sequences, gene content, and genome organization. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2008, 25:2475-2482.
39. PetráŠová J., Uzlíková M., Kostka M., PetrŽelková K.J., Huffman M.A., Modrý D. Diversity and host specificity of Blastocystis in syntopic primates on Rubondo Island, Tanzania. Int. J. Parasitol. 2011, 41:1113-1120.
40. Rene B.A., Stensvold C.R., Badsberg J.H., Nielsen H.V. Subtype analysis of Blastocystis isolates from Blastocystis cyst excreting patients. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2009, 80:588-592.
41. Rivera W.L. Phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis isolates from animal and human hosts in the Philippines. Vet. Parasitol. 2008, 156:178-182.
42. Santín M., Gómez-Muñoz M.T., Solano-Aquilar G., Fayer R. Development of a new PCR protocol to detect and subtype Blastocystis spp. from humans and animals. Parasitol. Res. 2011, 109:205-212.
43. Scanlan P.D., Marchesi J.R. Micro-eukaryotic diversity of the human distal gut microbiota: qualitative assessment using culture-dependent and -independent analysis of faeces. ISME J. 2008, 2:1183-1193.
44. Scicluna S.M., Tawari B., Clark C.G. DNA barcoding of Blastocystis. Protist 2006, 157:77-85.
45. Silberman J.D., Sogin M.L., Leipe D.D., Clark C.G. Human parasite finds taxonomic home. Nature 1996, 380:398.
46. Souppart L., Sanciu G., Cian A., Wawrzyniak I., Delbac F., Capron M., Dei-Cas E., Boorom K., Delhaes L., Viscogliosi E. Molecular epidemiology of human Blastocystis isolates in France. Parasitol. Res. 2009, 105:413-421.
47. Souppart L., Moussa H., Cian A., Sanciu G., Poirier P., El Alaoui H., Delbac F., Boorom K., Delhaes L., Dei-Cas E., Viscogliosi E. Subtype analysis of Blastocystis isolates from symptomatic patients in Egypt. Parasitol. Res. 2010, 106:505-511.
48. Staden R., Beal K., Bonfield J.K. The Staden package, 1998. Methods Mol. Biol. 2000, 132:115-130.
49. Stechmann A., Hamblin K., Pérez-Brocal V., Gaston D., Richmond G.S., van der Giezen M., Clark C.G., Roger A.J. Organelles in Blastocystis that blur the distinction between mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. Curr. Biol. 2008, 18:580-585.
50. Stensvold R., Brillowska-Dabrowska A., Nielsen H.V., Arendrup M.C. Detection of Blastocystis hominis in unpreserved stool specimens using polymerase chain reaction. J. Parasitol. 2006, 92:1081-1087.
51. Stensvold C.R., Arendrup M.C., Jespersgaard C., Mølbak K., Nielsen H.V. Detecting Blastocystis using parasitologic and DNA-based methods: a comparative study. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2007, 59:303-307.
52. Stensvold C.R., Suresh G.K., Tan K.S., Thompson R.C., Traub R.J., Viscogliosi E., Yoshikawa H., Clark C.G. Terminology for Blastocystis subtypes - a consensus. Trends Parasitol. 2007, 23:93-96.
53. Stensvold C.R., Alfellani M.A., Nørskov-Lauritsen S., Prip K., Victory E.L., Maddox C., Nielsen H.V., Clark C.G. Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates from synanthropic and zoo animals and identification of a new Blastocystis sp. Subtype. Int. J. Parasitol. 2009, 39:473-479.
54. Stensvold C.R., Lewis H.C., Hammerum A.M., Porsbo L.J., Nielsen S.S., Olsen K.E., Arendrup M.C., Nielsen H.V., Mølbak K. Blastocystis: unravelling potential risk factors and clinical significance of a common but neglected parasite. Epidemiol. Infect. 2009, 137:1655-1663.
55. Stensvold C.R., Nielsen H.V., Mølbak K., Smith H.V. Pursuing the clinical significance of Blastocystis - diagnostic limitations. Trends Parasitol. 2009, 25:23-29.
56. Stensvold C.R., Christiansen D., Olsen K.E.O., Nielsen H.V. Blastocystis sp. subtype 4 is common in Danish Blastocystis-positive patients presenting with acute diarrhea. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2011, 84:883-885.
57. Stenzel D.J., Boreham P.F. Blastocystis hominis revisited. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1996, 9:563-584.
58. Sullivan C.B., Diggle M.A., Clarke S.C. Multilocus sequence typing: data analysis in clinical microbiology and public health. Mol. Biotechnol. 2005, 29:245-254.
59. Tamura K., Peterson D., Perterson N., Stecher G., Nei M., Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2011, 28:2731-2739.
60. Tan T.C., Suresh K.G., Smith H.V. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Blastocystis hominis isolates implicates subtype 3 as a subtype with pathogenic potential. Parasitol. Res. 2008, 104:85-93.
61. Tan T.C., Ong S.C., Suresh K.G. Genetic variability of Blastocystis sp. isolates obtained from cancer and HIV/AIDS patients. Parasitol. Res. 2009, 105:1283-1286.
62. Wawrzyniak I., Roussel M., Diogon M., Couloux A., Texier C., Tan K.S., Vivarès C.P., Delbac F., Wincker P., El Alaoui H. Complete circular DNA in the mitochondria-like organelles of Blastocystis hominis. Int. J. Parasitol. 2008, 38:1377-1382.
63. Whipps C.M., Boorom K., Bermudez L.E., Kent M.L. Molecular characterization of Blastocystis species in Oregon identifies multiple subtypes. Parasitol. Res. 2010, 106:827-832.
64. Yakoob J., Jafri W., Beg M.A., Abbas Z., Naz S., Islam M., Khan R. Irritable bowel syndrome: is it associated with genotypes of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol. Res. 2010, 106:1033-1038.
65. Yan Y., Su S., Lai R., Liao H., Ye J., Li X., Luo X., Chen G. Genetic variability of Blastocystis hominis isolates in China. Parasitol. Res. 2006, 99:597-601.
66. Yan Y., Su S., Ye J., Lai X., Liao H., Chen G., Zhang R., Hou Z., Luo X. Blastocystis sp. subtype 5: a possible zoonotic genotype. Parasitol. Res. 2007, 101:1527-1532.
67. Yeo M., Mauricio I.L., Messenger L.A., Lewis M.D., Llewellyn M.S., Acosta N., Bhattacharyya T., Diosque P., Carrasco H.J., Miles M.A. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for lineage assignment and high resolution diversity studies in Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2011, 5:e1049.
68. Yoshikawa H., Nagano I., Wu Z., Yap E.H., Singh M., Takahashi Y. Genomic polymorphism among Blastocystis hominis strains and development of subtype-specific diagnostic primers. Mol. Cell. Probes 1998, 12:153-159.
69. Yoshikawa H., Abe N., Iwasawa M., Kitano S., Nagano I., Wu Z., Takahashi Y. Genomic analysis of Blastocystis hominis strains isolated from two long-term health care facilities. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2000, 38:1324-1330.
70. Yoshikawa H., Abe N., Wu Z. Genomic polymorphism among Blastocystis isolates and development of PCR-based identification of zoonotic isolates. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 2003, 50(Suppl.):710-711.
71. Yoshikawa H., Wu Z., Kimata I., Iseki M., Ali I.K., Hossain M.B., Zaman V., Haque R., Takahashi Y. Polymerase chain reaction-based genotype classification among human Blastocystis hominis populations isolated from different countries. Parasitol. Res. 2004, 92:22-29.
72. Yoshikawa H., Wu Z., Pandey K., Pandey B.D., Sherchand J.B., Yanagi T., Kanbara H. Molecular characterization of Blastocystis isolates from children and rhesus monkeys in Kathmandu, Nepal. Vet. Parasitol. 2009, 160:295-300.