Tectonic evolution of Pliocene-Pleistocene wedge-top basins of the Southern Apennines: New constraints from magnetic fabric analysis

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 492-509

  Mazzoli, Stefano ^a   Szaniawski, Rafal ^b   Mittiga, Francesco ^a   Ascione, Alessandra ^a   Capalbo, Andrea ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^b INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS   (Poland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF URBINO   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPY OF MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; APENNINES; BASIN EVOLUTION; FORELAND CARBONATES; INITIAL STAGES; MAGNETIC FABRICS; MAGNETIC LINEATIONS; MOUNTAIN BELTS; MULTIDISCIPLINE; NORMAL FAULTS; PLEISTOCENE; PLIOCENE; REVERSE FAULTS; SHALLOW-WATER; STUDY AREAS; SYNSEDIMENTARY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC PROCESS; WEDGE-TOP BASIN;

STRATIGRAPHY;

TECTONICS;

ACCRETIONARY PRISM; ALLOCHTHONY; BASIN EVOLUTION; BASIN FILL; CARBONATE PLATFORM; DATA SET; DEFORMATION; EMPLACEMENT; FOLD; FOOTWALL; FORELAND BASIN; LINEATION; MAGNETIC FABRIC; MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE BOUNDARY; REGIONAL GEOLOGY; REVERSE FAULT; SEDIMENTARY BASIN; SEDIMENTATION RATE; SUBSISTENCE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;

APENNINES; ITALY;

EID: 84857608180     PISSN: 00084077     EISSN: 14803313     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/E11-067     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Amato, A., and Cinque, A. 1992. Il bacino Plio-Pleistocenico di Calvello (Potenza): evoluzione geologica e geomorfologica. Studi Geologici Camerti, Volume Speciale, 1992(1): 50-73.
2. Amato, A., Cinque, A., Santangelo, N., and Santo, A. 1992. Il bordo meridionale del massiccio del Monte Marzano e la valle del Fiume Bianco: geologia e geomorfologia. Studi Geologici Camerti, Volume Speciale, 1992(1): 191-200.
3. Amicucci, L., Barchi, M.R., Montone, P., and Rubiliani, N. 2008. The Vallo di Diano and Auletta extensional basins in the southern Apennines (Italy): a simple model for a complex setting. Terra Nova, 20(6): 475-482. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00841.x.
4. Amore, F.O., Ciampo, G., Di Donato, V., Esposito, P., Santini, U., and Staiti, D. 1996. Biostratigraphy of the Plio-Pleistocene Calvello Basin (Potenza, Italy). Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 51: 1153-1163.
5. Amore, F.O., Basso, C., Ciampo, G., Ciarcia, S., Di Donato, V., Di Nocera, S., et al. 1998. Nuovi dati sul Pliocene tra il fiume Ufita ed il torrente Cervaro (Arianese, Baronia e Daunia meridionale). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 117: 455-466.
6. APAT. 2006. Carta geologica d'Italia alla scala 1: 50 000, Foglio 451 'Melfi'. Available from http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/MEDIA/carg/451_MELFI/Foglio.html [accessed 10 Jan. 2012].
7. Ascione, A., and Cinque, A. 1999. Tectonics and erosion in the longterm relief history of southern Apennines (Italy). Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplement Band, 117: 1-15.
8. Ascione, A., Cinque, A., and Tozzi, M. 1992. La Valle del Tanagro (Campania): una depressione strutturale ad evoluzione complessa. Studi Geologici Camerti, Volume Speciale, 1992(1): 201-208.
9. Ascione, A., Ciarcia, S., Di Donato, V., Mazzoli, S., and Vitale, S. 2012. The Pliocene-Quaternary wedge-top basins of southern Italy: an expression of propagating lateral slab tear beneath the Apennines. Basin Research, 24. In press. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00534.x.
10. Benvenuti, M., Bonini, M., Moratti, G., and Sani, F. 2006. Tectonosedimentary evolution of the Plio-Pleistocene Sant'Arcangelo Basin (southern Apennines, Italy). In Tectonics of the western Mediterranean and North Africa. Edited by G. Moratti and A. Chalouan. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 262. pp. 289-322.
11. Bonini, M., and Sani, F. 2000. Pliocene-Quaternary transpressional evolution of the Anzi-Calvello and Northern Sant'Arcangelo basins (Basilicata, southern Apennines, Italy) as a consequence of deep-seated fault reactivation. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 17 (8): 909-927. doi:10.1016/S0264-8172(00)00028-3.
12. Borradaile, G.J., and Henry, B. 1997. Tectonic applications of magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy. Earth-Science Reviews, 42(1-2): 49-93. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(96)00044-X.
13. Butler, R.W.H., and Grasso, M. 1993. Tectonic controls on base-level variation and depositional sequences within thrust-top and foredeep basins: examples from the Neogene thrust belt of central Sicily. Basin Research, 5(3): 137-151. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.1993.tb00062.x.
14. Butler, R.W.H., and Mazzoli, S. 2006. Styles of continental contraction: a review and introduction. In Styles of continental contraction. Edited by S. Mazzoli and R.W.H. Butler. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 414. doi: 10.1130/2006.2414 (01). pp. 1-10. doi:10.1130/2006.2414(01).
15. Butler, R.W.H., Mazzoli, S., Corrado, S., De Donatis, M., Di Bucci, D., Gambini, R., et al. 2004. Applying thick-skinned tectonic models to the Apennine thrust belt of Italy: limitations and implications. In Thrust tectonics and petroleum systems. Edited by K.R. McClay. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 82. pp. 647-667.
16. Caggianelli, A., Dellino, P., and Sabato, L. 1992. Depositi lacustri infrapleistocenici con intercalazioni vulcanoclastiche (Bacino di Sant'Arcangelo, Basilicata). Il Quaternario, 5: 123-132.
17. Caldara, M., Loiacono, F., Morlotti, E., Pieri, P., and Sabato, L. 1988. I depositi della parte nord del bacino di S. Arcangelo (Appennino Lucano): caratteri geologici e paleoambientali. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 41: 391-410.
18. Capalbo, A., Ascione, A., Aucelli, P.P.C., and Mazzoli, S. 2010. Valutazione del tasso di erosione in Appennino meridionale da dati geologico-geomorfologici. Italian Journal of Quaternary Sciences, 23: 75-90.
19. Casciello, E., Pappone, G., and Zuppetta, A. 2002a. Plio-Pleistocene tectonic evolution of the western margin of the S. Arcangelo Basin (southern Apennines). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 121(1): 343-352.
20. Casciello, E., Pappone, G., and Zuppetta, A. 2002b. Structural features of a shear-zone developed in an argillaceous medium: the southern portion of the Scorciabuoi fault (southern Apennines). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, Volume Speciale, 1(2): 659-667.
21. Chadima, M., and Jelínek, V., 2008. Anisoft 42. Beta-version [computer program].
22. Chadima, M., Gunther, A., Hirt, A.M., Hrouda, F., and Siemes, F. 2004. Phyllosilicate preferred orientation as a control of magnetic fabric: evidence from neutron texture goniometry and low and high-field magnetic anisotropy (SE Rhenohercynian Zone of Bohemian Massif). In Magnetic fabric: methods and applications. Edited by F. Martin-Hernandez, C. Lüneburg, C. Auboug, and M. Jackson. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 238. pp. 361-380.
23. Ciarcia, S. 2003. Evoluzione stratigrafico-sedimentologica della successione pliocenica inferiore-media del bacino di Ariano-Benevento. Ph.D. thesis, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
24. Ciarcia, S., Di Nocera, S., and Torre, M. 1998. Sistemi di fan delta al margine orientale del Bacino di Ariano (Pliocene inferiore, Appennino apulo-campano). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 117: 807-819.
25. Ciarcia, S., Di Nocera, S., Matano, F., and Torre, M. 2003. Evoluzione tettono-sedimentaria e paleogeografica dei depocentri « wedge-top » nell'ambito del « foreland basin system » pliocenico dell'Appennino meridionale (settore Irpino-Dauno). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 122: 117-137.
26. Ciarcia, S., Di Donato, V., Mitrano, T., and Torre, M. 2006. I depositi del bacino di Benevento (Pliocene inferiore, Appennino meridionale): nuovi vincoli stratigrafici e paleoambientali. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 125: 147-162.
27. Ciarcia, S., Vitale, S., Di Staso, A., Iannace, A., Mazzoli, S., and Torre, M. 2009. Stratigraphy and tectonics of an internal unit of the southern Apennines: implications for the geodynamic evolution of the peri-Tyrrhenian mountain belt. Terra Nova, 21(2): 88-96. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00859.x.
28. Ciarcia, S., Mazzoli, S., Vitale, S., and Zattin, M. 2012. On the tectonic evolution of the Ligurian accretionary complex in southern Italy. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 124. In press. doi:10.1130/B30437.1.
29. Cifelli, F., Mattei, M., Chadima, M., Hirt, A.M., and Hansen, A. 2005. The origin of the tectonic lineation in extensional basins: combined neutron texture and magnetic analysis on "undeformed" clays. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 235(1-2): 62-78. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.042.
30. Cifelli, F., Rossetti, F., and Mattei, M. 2007. The architecture of brittle postorogenic extension: results from an integrated structural and paleomagnetic study in north Calabria (southern Italy). Geological Society of America Bulletin, 119(1-2): 221-239. doi:10.1130/B25900.1.
31. Cifelli, F., Mattei, M., Chadima, M., Lenser, S., and Hirt, A.M. 2009. The magnetic fabric in "undeformed" clays: AMS and neutron texture analyses from the Rif Chain (Morocco). Tectonophysics, 466(1-2): 79-88. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.08.008.
32. Cita, M.B., 1975. Studi sul Pliocene e sugli strati di passaggio dal Miocene al Pliocene. VIII. Planktonic foraminiferal biozonation of the Mediterranean Pliocene deep-sea record. A revision. Rivista Italiana di Paleontontologia e Stratigrafia, 81: 527-544.
33. Corrado, S., Invernizzi, C., and Mazzoli, S. 2002. Tectonic burial and exhumation in a foreland fold and thrust belt: the Monte Alpi case history (southern Apennines, Italy). Geodinamica Acta, 15(3) 159-177. doi:10.1016/S0985-3111(02)01086-0.
34. Corrado, S., Aldega, L., Di Leo, P., Giampaolo, C., Invernizzi, C., Mazzoli, S., and Zattin, M. 2005. Thermal maturity of the axial zone of the southern Apennines fold-and-thrust belt (Italy) from multiple organic and inorganic indicators. Terra Nova, 17(1): 56-65. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2004.00584.x.
35. Coward, M.P., De Donatis, M., Mazzoli, S., Paltrinieri, W., and Wezel, F.-C. 1999. Frontal part of the northern Apennines fold and thrust belt in the Romagna-Marche area (Italy): shallow and deep structural styles. Tectonics, 18(3): 559-574. doi:10.1029/1999TC900003.
36. DeCelles, P.G., and Giles, K.A. 1996. Foreland basin systems. Basin Research, 8(2): 105-123. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2117.1996.01491.x.
37. Dewey, J.F., Helman, M.L., Turco, E., Hutton, D.H.W., and Knott, S.D. 1989. Kinematics of the Western Mediterranean. In Alpine tectonics. Edited by M.P. Coward, D. Dietrich, and R.G. Park. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 45. pp. 265-283.
38. Di Stefano, A., Vinci, G., and Romeo, M. 2002. The Pliocene- Pleistocene deposits at the southeastern border of the Sant'Arcangelo Basin (southern Apennines): structural setting and biostratigraphical data. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, Volume Speciale, 1: 527-537.
39. Giannandrea, P. 2003. Analisi sedimentologica del Sintema di Monte Sirico (parte alta della successione del Bacino dell'Ofanto). Il Quaternario, 16: 511-521.
40. Hippolyte, J.-C. 1992. Tectonique de l'Apennin méridional: structures et paléocontraintes d'un prisme d'accrétion continental. Ph.D. thesis, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France. p. 340.
41. Hippolyte, J.-C., Angelier, J., Roure, F., and Casero, P. 1994. Piggyback basin development and thrust belt evolution: structural and palaeostress analyses of Plio Quaternary basins in the southern Apennines. Journal of Structural Geology, 16(2): 159-173. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(94)90102-3.
42. Hippolyte, J.-C., Angelier, J., and Barrier, E. 1995. Compressional and extensional tectonics in an arc system: example of the southern Apennines. Journal of Structural Geology, 17(12): 1725-1740. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(95)00066-M.
43. Hrouda, F., 1994. A technique for the measurement of thermal changes of magnetic susceptibility of weakly magnetic rocks by the CS-2 apparatus and KLY-2 Kappabridge. Geophysical Journal International, 118(3): 604-612. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1994.tb03987.x
44. Hrouda, F., Krejčí, O., Potfaj, M., and Stráník, Z. 2009. Magnetic fabric and weak deformation in sandstones of accretionary prisms of the Flysch and Klippen belts of the Western Carpathians: mostly offscraping indicated. Tectonophysics, 479(3-4): 254-270. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.016.
45. Iannace, A., Vitale, S., D'Errico, M., Mazzoli, S., Di Staso, A., Macaione, E., et al. 2007. The carbonate tectonic units of northern Calabria (Italy): a record of Apulian palaeomargin evolution and Miocene convergence, continental crust subduction, and exhumation of HP-LT rocks. Journal of the Geological Society, 164(6): 1165-1186. doi:10.1144/0016-76492007-017.
46. Improta, L., and Corciulo, M. 2006. Controlled source nonlinear tomography: a powerful tool to constrain tectonic models of the southern Apennines orogenic wedge, Italy. Geology, 34(11): 941-944. doi:10.1130/G22676A.1.
47. ISPRA. 2010. Carta Geologica d'Italia alla scala 1: 50 000, Foglio 471 'Irsina'. Available from http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/MEDIA/carg/471_IRSINA/Foglio.html [accessed 10 Jan. 2012].
48. Jelinek, V. 1981. Characterization of the magnetic fabric of rocks. Tectonophysics, 79(3-4): 63-67.
49. Jelínek, V., and Kropáček, V. 1978. Statistical processing of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measured on groups of specimens. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, 22(1): 50-62. doi:10.1007/BF01613632.
50. Kligfield, R., Owens, W.H., and Lowrie, W. 1981. Magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, strain, and progressive deformation in Permian sediments from the Maritime Alps (France). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 55(1): 181-189. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(81)90097-2.
51. Lourens, L.J., Hilgen, F., Shackleton, N.J., Laskar, J. and Wilson, D., 2004. The Neogene Period. In: A geological time scale (Ed. by F. M. Gradstein, J.G. Ogg and A.G. Smith), pp. 409-440. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
52. Marino, M. 1996. Calcareous nannofossil and foraminifera biostratigraphy of Pleistocene terrigenous sediments from southern Italy. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 102: 119-130.
53. Mattei, M., Sagnotti, L., Faccenna, C., and Funiciello, R. 1997. Magnetic fabric of weakly deformed clay-rich sediments in the Italian peninsula: relationship with compressional and extensional tectonics. Tectonophysics, 271(1-2): 107-122. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00244-2.
54. Mattei, M., Petrocelli, V., Lacava, D., and Schiattarella, M. 2004. Geodynamic implication of Pleistocene ultrarapid vertical-axis rotations in the southern Apennines, Italy. Geology, 32(9): 789-792. doi:10.1130/G20552.1.
55. Mazzoli, S., and Helman, M. 1994. Neogene patterns of relative plate motion for Africa-Europe: some implications for recent central Mediterranean tectonics. Geologische Rundschau, 83: 464-468.
56. Mazzoli, S., Corrado, S., De Donatis, M., Scrocca, D., Butler, R.W.H., Di Bucci, D., et al. 2000. Time and space variability of "thin-skinned" and "thick-skinned" thrust tectonics in the Apennines (Italy). Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, Serie 9, 11: 5-39.
57. Mazzoli, S., Barkham, S., Cello, G., Gambini, R., Mattioni, L., Shiner, P., and Tondi, E. 2001. Reconstruction of continental margin architecture deformed by the contraction of the Lagonegro Basin, southern Apennines, Italy. Journal of the Geological Society, 158(2): 309-319. doi:10.1144/jgs.158.2.309.
58. Mazzoli, S., Aldega, L., Corrado, S., Invernizzi, C., and Zattin, M. 2006. Pliocene-Quaternary thrusting, syn-orogenic extension and tectonic exhumation in the southern Apennines (Italy): insights from the Monte Alpi area. In Styles of continental contraction. Edited by S. Mazzoli and R.W.H. Butler. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 414. pp. 55-77.
59. Mazzoli, S., D'Errico, M., Aldega, L., Corrado, S., Invernizzi, C., Shiner, P., and Zattin, M. 2008. Tectonic burial and 'young' (<10 Ma) exhumation in the southern Apennines fold and thrust belt (Italy). Geology, 36(3): 243-246. doi:10.1130/G24344A.1.
60. Menardi Noguera, A., and Rea, G. 2000. Deep structure of the Campanian-Lucanian Arc (southern Apennines, Italy). Tectonophysics, 324(4): 239-265. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00137-2.
61. Mostardini, F., and Merlini, S. 1986. Appennino centro-meridionale. Sezioni geologiche e proposta di modello strutturale. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 35: 177-202.
62. Onofrio, V., Tropeano, M., Festa, V., Moretti, M., and Sabato, L. 2009. Quaternary transpression and lacustrine sedimentation in the San Lorenzo area (Sant'Arcangelo Basin, Italy). Sedimentary Geology, 222(1-2): 78-88. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.08.001.
63. Ori, G.G., and Friend, P.F. 1984. Sedimentary basins formed and carried piggyback on active thrust sheets. Geology, 12(8): 475-478. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<475:SBFACP>2.0.CO;2.
64. Parés, J.M., van der Pluijm, B.A., and Dinarès-Turell, J. 1999. Evolution of magnetic fabrics during incipient deformation of mudrocks (Pyrenees, northern Spain). Tectonophysics, 307(1-2): 1-14. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00115-8.
65. Patacca, E., and Scandone, P. 2001. Late thrust propagation and sedimentary response in the thrust-belt-foredeep system of the southern Apennines (Pliocene-Pleistocene). In Anatomy of an orogen: the Apennines and adjacent Mediterranean basins. Edited by G.B. Vai and I.P. Martini. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 401-440.
66. Patacca, E., and Scandone, P. 2007. Constraints on the interpretation of the CROP-04 seismic line derived from Plio-Pleistocene foredeep and thrust-sheet-top deposits (southern Apennines, Italy). In CROP-04. Edited by A. Mazzotti, E. Patacca, and P. Scandone. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, Special Issue 7. pp. 241-256.
67. Pieri, P., Sabato, L., Loiacono, F., and Marino, M. 1994. Il bacino piggyback di Sant'Arcangelo: evoluzione tettonico-sedimentaria. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 113: 465-481.
68. Ricci-Lucchi, F. 1986. The Oligocene to recent foreland basins of the northern Apennines. In Foreland basins. Edited by P.A. Allen and P.I.A.S. Homewood. Special Publication 8. pp. 105-139.
69. Rio, D., Raffi, I. and Villa, G., 1990. Pliocene-Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil distribution patterns in the Western Mediterranean. Proceedings of ODP Scientific Results, 107: 513-533.
70. Sabato, L., Bertini, A., Masini, F., Albianelli, A., Napoleone, G., and Pieri, P. 2005. The lower and middle Pleistocene geological record of the San Lorenzo lacustrine succession in the Sant'Arcangelo Basin (southern Apennines, Italy). Quaternary International, 131 (1): 59-69. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.07.001.
71. Sagnotti, L., and Speranza, F. 1993. Magnetic fabric analysis of the Plio-Pleistocene clayey units of the Sant'Arcangelo Basin, southern Italy. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 77(3-4): 165-176. doi:10.1016/0031-9201(93)90096-R.
72. Sartori, R. 2003. The Thyrrhenian backarc basin and subduction of the Ionian lithosphere. Episodes, 26: 217-221.
73. Scheepers, P.J.J. 1994. Tectonic rotations in the Tyrrhenian arc system during the Quaternary and the late Tertiary. Ph.D. thesis, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 352 pp.
74. Scheepers, P.J.J., and Langereis, C.G. 1994. Magnetic fabric of Pleistocene clays from the Tyrrhenian arc. A magnetic lineation induced in the final stage of the middle Pleistocene compressive event. Tectonics, 13(5): 1190-1200. doi:10.1029/94TC00221.
75. Schettino, A., and Turco, E. 2010. Tectonic history of the western Tethys since the Late Triassic. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 123(1-2): 89-105. doi:10.1130/B30064.1.
76. Shiner, P., Beccacini, A., and Mazzoli, S. 2004. Thin-skinned versus thick-skinned structural models for Apulian carbonate reservoirs: constraints from the Val D'Agri fields. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21(7): 805-827. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.11.020.
77. Sprovieri, R., 1992. Mediterranean Pliocene biochronology: a highresolution record based on quantitative planktonic foraminifera distribution. Rivista Italiana di Paleontontologia e Stratigrafia, 98: 61-100.
78. Sprovieri, R., 1993. Pliocene-Early Pleistocene astronomically forced planktonic foraminifera abundance fluctuations and chronology of Mediterranean calcareous plankton bio-events. Rivista Italiana di Paleontontologia e Stratigrafia, 99: 371-414.
79. Steckler, M.S., Agostinetti, N.P., Wilson, C.K., Roselli, P., Seeber, L., Amato, A., and Lerner-Lam, A. 2008. Crustal structure in the southern Apennines from teleseismic receiver functions. Geology, 36(2): 155-158. doi:10.1130/G24065A.1.
80. Turco, E., Maresca, R., and Cappadona, P. 1990. La tettonica Plio- Pleistocenica del confine calabro-lucano: modello cinematico. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 45: 519-529.
81. Turrini, C., and Rennison, P. 2004. Structural style from the southern Apennines' hydrocarbon province - an integrated view. In Thrust tectonics and petroleum systems. Edited by K.R. McClay. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 82. pp. 558-578.
82. Vitale, S., Ciarcia, S., Mazzoli, S., Iannace, A., and Torre, M. 2010. Structural analysis of the 'internal' units of Cilento, Italy): new constraints on the Miocene tectonic evolution of the southern Apennine accretionary wedge. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 342: 475-482. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2010.03.005.
83. Vitale, S., Ciarcia, S., Mazzoli, S., and Zaghloul, M.N. 2011. Tectonic evolution of the 'Ligurian' accretionary wedge in the Cilento area, southern Italy: a record of early Apennine geodynamics. Journal of Geodynamics, 51(1): 25-36. doi:10. 1016/j.jog.2010.06.002.
84. Zavala, C. 2000. Stratigraphy and sedimentary history of the Plio- Pleistocene Sant'Arcangelo Basin, southern Apennines, Italy. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 106(3): 399-416.
85. Zuppetta, A., Russo, M., and Mazzoli, S. 2004. Miocene tectonic evolution of the southern Apennines thrust front (Italy): stratigraphic and structural constraints from the eastern Calabria-Lucania borderland area. Geodinamica Acta, 17(2): 141-151.doi:10.3166/ga.17.141-151.