Does the Iowa Gambling task measure executive function?

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

Volumn 26, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 706-717

  Gansler, David A ^a   Jerram, Matthew W ^a   Vannorsdall, Tracy D ^b   Schretlen, David J ^b  

^a SUFFOLK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Decision making; Executive function; Iowa gambling task; Neuropsychological evaluation; Structural equation modeling

Indexed keywords

EID: 84857583854     PISSN: 08876177     EISSN: 18735843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acr082     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Alvarez, J. A., & Emory, E. (2006). Executive function and the frontal lobes: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology Review, 16 (1), 17-42. (Pubitemid 43954075)
2. Anderson V., R. Jacobs, & P. J. Anderson (Eds.). (2008). Executive functions and the frontal lobes. New York: Taylor & Francis.
3. Arbuckle, J. (2006). Amos 7.0 user's guide. Chicago: SPSS.
4. Bechara, A. (2007). Iowa gambling task professional manual. Boca Raton, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
5. Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50, 7-15.
6. Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Damasio, A. R., & Lee, G. P. (1999). Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decisionmaking. Journal of Neuroscience, 19 (13), 5473-5481. (Pubitemid 29300212)
7. Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Anderson, S. W. (1998). Dissociation of working memory from decision making within the human prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 18 (1), 428-437. (Pubitemid 28046800)
8. Bechara, A., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (1996). Failure to respond autonomically to anticipated future outcomes following damage to prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 6, 215-225. (Pubitemid 26117399)
9. Beer, J. S., Shimamura, A. P., & Knight, R. T. (2004). Frontal lobe contributions to executive control of cognitive and social behavior. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
10. Beery, K. E., & Buktenica, N. A. (1997). Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
11. Benedict, H. R. B. (1997). Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
12. Brand, M., Recknor, E. C., Grabenhorst, F., & Bechara, A. (2007). Decisions under ambiguity and decisions under risk: Correlations with executive functions and comparisons of two different gambling tasks with implicit and explicit rules. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29 (1), 86-99. (Pubitemid 44950986)
13. Brandt, J., & Benedict, H. R. B. (2001). Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
14. Buelow, M. T., & Suhr, J. A. (2009). Construct validity of the Iowa Gambling Task. Neuropsychology Review, 19, 102-114.
15. Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2002). Model selection and multi-model inference: A practical information-theoretic approach (2nd ed.). Secaucus, NJ: Springer.
16. Butler, M., Retzlaff, P. D., & Vanderploeg, R. (1991). Neuropsychological test usage. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 22 (6), 510-512.
17. Carroll, J. B. (2005). The three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities. In D. P. Flanagan, & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues. New York: Guilford Press.
18. Clark, L., Iversen, S. D., & Goodwin, G. M. (2001). A neuropsychological investigation of prefrontal cortex involvement in acute mania. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1605-1611. (Pubitemid 32923651)
19. Cohen, J. (1959). The factorial structure of the WISC at ages 7-6, 10-6, and 13-6. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 23, 285-299.
20. Colombetti, G. (2008). The somatic marker hypotheses, and what the Iowa Gambling Task does and does not show. British Journal of Philosophy of Science, 59, 51-71.
21. Connors, C. K. (1995). Conners' Continuous Performance Test. Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
22. Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' error: Emotion, rationality and the human brain. New York: Putnam.
23. Dowling, N. M., Hermann, B., La Rue, A., & Sager, M. A. (2010). Latent structure and factorial invariance of a Neuropsychological Test Battery for the study of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 24 (6), 742-756.
24. Dunn, B. D., Dalgleish, T., & Lawrence, A. D. (2006). The somatic marker hypothesis: A critical evaluation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 239-271. (Pubitemid 41821811)
25. Eslinger, P. J., & Chakara, F. (2004). Frontal lobe and executive functions. In M. Rizzo, & P. J. Eslinger (Eds.), Principles and practice of behavioral neurology and neuropsychology. USA: Elsevier.
26. Eslinger, P. J., & Damasio, A. R. (1985). Severe disturbance of higher cognition after bilateral frontal lobe ablation: Patient EVR. Neurology, 35, 1731-1741. (Pubitemid 16222756)
27. Fuster, J. M. (2008). The prefrontal cortex (4th ed.). Boston: Academic Press.
28. Gansler, D. A., Jerram, M. W., Vannorsdall, T. D., & Schretlen, D. J. (in press). Comparing alternative metrics to assess performance on the Iowa Gambling Task. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology.
29. Gladsjo, J. A., McAdams, L. A., Palmer, B.W., Moore, D. J., Jeste, D. V., & Heaton, R. K. (2004). A six-factor model of cognition in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders: Relationships with clinical symptoms and functional capacity. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30 (4), 739-754. (Pubitemid 40469511)
30. Goodglass, H., & Kaplan, E. (2000). Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
31. Holtzer, R., Friedman, R., Lipton, R. B., Katz, M., Xue, X., & Verghese, J. (2007). The relationship between specific cognitive functions and falls in aging. Neuropsychology, 21 (5), 540-548. (Pubitemid 47488797)
32. Horn, J. L., & Blankson, N. (2005). Foundations for better understanding of cognitive abilities. In D. P. Flanagan, & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues. New York: Guilford Press.
33. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
34. Klove, H. (1963). Clinical neuropsychology. In: F. M. Forster (Ed.), Medical clinics of North America. New York: Saunders.
35. Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., & Loring, D. W. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
36. Lichtenberger, E. O., & Kaufman, A. S. (2009). Essentials of WAIS-IV assessment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
37. Maia, T. V., & McClelland, J. L. (2004). A reexamination of the evidence for the somatic marker hypothesis: What participants really know in the Iowa Gambling Task. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 101, 16075-16080. (Pubitemid 39507929)
38. Manes, F., Sahakian, B., Clark, L., Rogers, R., Antoun, N., & Aitken, M., et al. (2002). Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex. Brain, 125, 624-639. (Pubitemid 34194416)
39. McCracken, L. M., & Franzen, M. D. (1992). Principal-components analysis of the equivalence of alternate forms of the Trail Making Test. Psychological Assessment, 4 (2), 235-238.
40. McGrew, K. S. (2005). The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities: Past, present and future. In D. P. Flanagan, & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests and issues. New York: Guilford Press.
41. Nakamura, M., Nestor, P. G., Levit, J., Cohen, A. S., Kawashima, T., & Shenton, M. E., et al. (2008). Orbitofrontal volume deficit in schizophrenia and thought disorder. Brain, 131, 180-195.
42. Pena, J., Cascella, N. G., Rao, V., Ojeda delPozo, N., Pearlson, G. D., & Schretlen, D. J. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis reveals a latent cognitive structure common to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unaffected adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15 (S1), 221-222.
43. Rabin, L. A., Burton, L. A., & Barr, W. B. (2007). Utilization rates of ecologically oriented instruments among clinical neuropsychologists. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21 (5), 727-743. (Pubitemid 47230608)
44. Reitan, R. M. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8, 271-276.
45. Rey, A. (1941). L'examenpsychologiquedans les casd'encephalopathietramatique. Archives de Psychologie, 28, 286-340.
46. Roca, M., Torralva, T., Meli, F., Fiol, M., Calcagno, M. L., & Carpintiero, S., et al. (2008). Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis correlate with changes in fronto-subcortical tracts. Multiple Sclerosis, 14, 364-369. (Pubitemid 351676431)
47. Rodgers, R. D., Everitt, B. J., Baldacchino, A., Blackshaw, A. J., Swainson, R., Wynne, K., et al. (1999). Dissociable deficits in the decision-making cognition of chronic amphetamine abusers, opiate abusers, patients with focal damage to the prefrontal cortex, and tryptophan-depleted normal volunteers: Evidence for monoaminergic mechanisms. Neuropsychopharmacology, 20, 322-339. (Pubitemid 29099763)
48. Rotheram-Fuller, E., Shoptaw, S., Berman, S. M., & London, E. D. (2004). Impaired performance in a test of decision-making by opiate-dependent tobacco smokers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 73, 79-86. (Pubitemid 37542481)
49. Russell, E. W. (1984). Theory and development of pattern analysis methods related to the Halstead-Reitan Battery. In P. E. Logue, & J. M. Schear (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology: A multi-disciplinary approach. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
50. Schretlen, D. J. (1997). Brief Test of Attention professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
51. Schretlen, D. J. (2010). Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
52. Schretlen, D. J., & Vannorsdall, T. D. (2010). Calibrated Ideational Fluency Assessment professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
53. Spearman, C. (1927). The abilities of man: Their nature and measurement. New York: Macmillan.
54. Suhr, J., & Hammers, D. (2010). Who fails the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT)? Personality, neuropsychological, and near-infrared spectroscopy findings in healthy young controls. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25, 293-302.
55. Testa, S. M., Winicki, J. M., Pearlson, G. D., Gordon, B., & Schretlen, D. J. (2009). Accounting for estimated IQ in neuropsychological test performance with regression-based techniques. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15 (6), 1012-1022.
56. Toplak, M. E., Sorge, G. B., Benoit, A., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2010). Decision-making and cognitive abilities: A review of associations between Iowa Gambling Task performance, executive functions, and intelligence. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 562-581.
57. Torralva, T., Roca, M., Gleichgerrcht, E., Bekinschtein, T., & Manes, F. (2009). A neuropsychological battery to detect specific executive and social cognitive impairments in early frontotemporal dementia. Brain, 132, 1299-1309.
58. Tranel, D., Bechara, A., & Damasio, A. R. (2000). Decision making and the somatic marker hypothesis. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The new cognitive neurosciences (2nd ed., pp. 1047-1061) Cambridge: The MIT Press.
59. Tulsky, D. S., & Price, L. R. (2003). The joint WAIS-III and WMS-III factor structure: Development and cross-validation of a six-factor model of cognitive functioning. Psychological Assessment, 15 (2), 149-162. (Pubitemid 36750523)
60. Verdejo-Garcia, A., Lopez-Torrecilas, F., Calander, E. P., Delgado-Rodriguez, A., & Bechara, A. (2009). Executive function and decision-making in women with fibromyalgia. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24, 113-122.
61. Wechsler, D. (1981). WAIS-R manual. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
62. Wechsler, D. (1987). Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised manual. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.
63. Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
64. Weiner, I. B., & Greene, R. L. (2008). Handbook of personality assessment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
65. Zamarian, L., Weiss, E. M., & Delazer, M. (2010). The impact of mild cognitive impairment on decision making in two gambling tasks. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 66B (1), 23-31.