Aortic Root Dilatation in Athletic Population

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

Volumn 54, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 432-437

  Pelliccia, Antonio ^a   Di Paolo, Fernando M ^a   Quattrini, Filippo M ^a  

^a Italian National Olympic Committee   (Italy)

Author keywords

Aortic root dilatation; Athletes; Marfan syndrome

Indexed keywords

AGE; AORTA DISEASE; AORTA ROOT DILATATION; AORTA SURGERY; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY SIZE; CYCLING; EXERCISE; GENDER; HEART HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; MARFAN SYNDROME; PREVALENCE; SWIMMING; TRAINING; WEIGHT LIFTING;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; AORTA; AORTIC ANEURYSM; ATHLETES; DILATATION, PATHOLOGIC; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMANS; MALE; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84857548709     PISSN: 00330620     EISSN: 18731740     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2012.01.004     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Henschen S. Skilanglauf und Skiwettlauf. Eine medizinische Sportstudie. Mitt Med Klin Upsala (Jena) 1899, 2:15-18.
2. Huston T.P., Puffer J.C., Rodney W.M. The athletic heart syndrome. N Engl J Med 1985, 315:24-32.
3. Maron B.J. Structural features of the athlete heart as defined by echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986, 7:190-203.
4. Pluim B.M., Zwinderman A.H., van der Laarse A., et al. The athlete's heart. A meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function. Circulation 1999, 100:336-344.
5. Pelliccia A., Maron B.J. Cardiac adaptations to exercise training. Oxford textbook of sports medicine 1998, 301-320. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York. 2nd ed. M. Harries, C. Williams, W.D. Stanish, L.J. Micheli (Eds.).
6. Pelliccia A., Maron B.J., Culasso F., et al. The athlete's heart in women: echocardiographic characterization of 600 highly trained and elite female athletes. JAMA 1996, 276:211-215.
7. Maron B.J., Pelliccia A. The heart of trained athletes: cardiac remodeling and the risks of sports, including sudden death. Circulation 2006, 114:1633-1644.
8. Maron B.J., Ackermann M.J., Nishimura R.A., et al. 36th Bethesda Conference; Task Force 4: Other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005, 45:1340-1345.
9. Gautier M., Detaint D., Fermanian C., et al. Nomograms for aortic root diameters in children using two-dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 2010, 105:888-894.
10. Sheil M.L., Jenkins O., Sholler G.F. Echocardiographic assessment of aortic root dimensions in normal children based on measurement of a new ratio of aortic size independent of growth. Am J Cardiol 1995, 75:711-715.
11. Cassottana P., Badano L., Piazza R., et al. Dimensions of the proximal thoracic aorta from childhood to adult age: reference values for two-dimensional echocardiography. G Ital Cardiol 1997, 27:686-696.
12. Pearlman J.D., Triulzi M.O., King M.E., et al. Limits of normal left ventricular dimensions in growth and development: analysis of dimensions and variance in the two-dimensional echocardiograms of 268 normal healthy subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988, 12:1432-1441.
13. Vasan R.S., Larson M.G., Benjamin E.J., et al. Echocardiographic reference values for aortic root size: the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1995, 8:793-800.
14. Roman M.J., Devereux R.B., Kramer-Fox R., et al. Two-dimensional echocardiographic aortic root dimensions in normal children and adults. Am J Cardiol 1989, 64:507-512.
15. Nidorf S.M., Picard M.H., Triulzi M.O., et al. New perspectives in the assessment of cardiac chamber dimensions during development and adulthood. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992, 19:983-988.
16. Reed C.M., Richey P.A., Pulliam D.A., et al. Aortic dimensions in tall men and women. Am J Cardiol 1993, 71:608-610.
17. Vasan R.S., Larson M.G., Levy D. Determinants of echocardiographic aortic root size: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1995, 91:734-740.
18. Cuspidi C., Meani S., Valerio C., et al. Ambulatory blood pressure, target organ damage and aortic root size in never-treated essential hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens 2007, 21:531-538.
19. Bella J.N., Wachtell K., Boman K., et al. Relation of left ventricular geometry and function to aortic root dilatation in patients with systemic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (the LIFE study). Am J Cardiol 2002, 89:337-341.
20. Agmon Y., Khandheria B.K., Meissner I., et al. Is aortic dilatation an atherosclerosis-related process? Clinical, laboratory, and transesophageal echocardiographic correlates of thoracic aortic dimensions in the population with implications for thoracic aortic aneurysm formation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 42:1076-1083.
21. Virmani R., Avolio A.P., Mergner W.J., et al. Effect of aging on aortic morphology in populations with high and low prevalence of hypertension and atherosclerosis: comparison between occidental and Chinese communities. Am J Pathol 1991, 139:1119-1129.
22. Lam C.S., Xanthakis V., Sullivan L.M., et al. Aortic root remodeling over the adult life course: longitudinal data from the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2010, 122:884-890.
23. O'Rourke M.F., Nichols W.W. Aortic diameter, aortic stiffness, and wave reflection increase with age and isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension 2005, 45:652-658.
24. Francis G.S., Hagan A.D., Oury J., et al. Accuracy of echocardiography for assessing aortic root diameter. Br Heart J 1975, 37:376-378.
25. Cuspidi C., Meani S., Fusi V., et al. Prevalence and correlates of aortic root dilatation in patients with essential hypertension: relationship with cardiac and extracardiac target organ damage. J Hypertens 2006, 24:573-580.
26. Gardin J.M., Arnold A.M., Polak J., et al. Usefulness of aortic root dimension in persons > or =65 years of age in predicting heart failure, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality and acute myocardial infarction (from the Cardiovascular Health Study). Am J Cardiol 2006, 97:270-275.
27. Clifford P.S., Hanel B., Secher N.H. Arterial blood pressure response to rowing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994, 26:715-719.
28. Palatini P. Exercise haemodynamics: field activities versus laboratory tests. Blood Press Monit 1997, 2:133-137.
29. Copeland S.R., Mills M.C., Lerner J.L., et al. Hemodynamic effects of aerobic vs. resistance exercise. J Hum Hypertens 1996, 10:747-753.
30. Hill D.W., Butler S.D. Hemodynamic responses to weightlifting exercise. Sports Med 1991, 12:1-7.
31. Pelliccia A., Di Paolo F.M., De Blasiis E., et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of aortic root dilation in highly trained competitive athletes. Circulation 2010, 122:698-706.
32. Kinoshita N., Mimura J., Obayashi C., et al. Aortic root dilatation among young competitive athletes: echocardiographic screening of 1929 athletes between 15 and 34 years of age. Am Heart J 2000, 139:723-728.
33. D'Andrea A., Cocchia R., Riegler L., et al. Aortic root dimensions in elite athletes. Am J Cardiol 2010, 105:1629-1634.
34. Babaee Bigi M.A., Aslani A. Aortic root size and prevalence of aortic regurgitation in elite strength trained athletes. Am J Cardiol 2007, 100:528-530.
35. Pelliccia A., Maron B.J., Spataro A., et al. The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in highly trained elite athletes. N Engl J Med 1991, 324:295-301.
36. Pelliccia A., Culasso F., Di Paolo F.M., et al. Physiologic left ventricular cavity dilatation in elite athletes. Ann Intern Med 1999, 130:23-31.
37. Pelliccia A., Maron B.J., Di Paolo F.M., et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of left atrial remodeling in competitive athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005, 46:690-696.
38. Pelliccia A., Spataro A., Caselli G., et al. Absence of left ventricular wall thickening in athletes engaged in intense power training. Am J Cardiol 1993, 72:1048-1054.
39. De Paepe A., Devereux R.B., Dietz H.C., et al. Revised criteria for Marfan syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1996, 62:417-426.
40. Yetman A.T., Graham T. The dilated aorta in patients with congenital cardiac defects. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009, 53:461-467.
41. Biner S., Rafique A.M., Ray I., et al. Aortopathy is prevalent in relatives of bicuspid aortic valve patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009, 53:2288-2295.
42. Coady M.A., Rizzo J.A., Hammond G.L., et al. Surgical intervention criteria for thoracic aortic aneurysms: a study of growth rates and complications. Ann Thorac Surg 1999, 67:1922-1926.
43. Ergin M.A., Speilvogel D., Apaydin A., et al. Surgical treatment of the dilated ascending aorta. When and how?. Ann Thorac Surg 1999, 67:1834-1839.
44. Bonow R.O., Carabello B.A., Chatterjee K., et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006, 48:e1-e148.
45. Pelliccia A., Zipes D.P., Maron B.J. Bethesda Conference #36 and the European Society of Cardiology Consensus Recommendations revisited a comparison of U.S. and European criteria for eligibility and disqualification of competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008, 52:1990-1996.